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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Matos, Fábio Daniel Martinho de;

    O presente trabalho investiga o comportamento dos investidores nos mercados financeiros em períodos de crise. Em particular, este estudo investiga quais os determinantes sociodemográficos do comportamento dos investidores durante o período de crise fruto da pandemia COVID-19, usando o principal índice português, o PSI 20, como objeto de estudo. Os dados foram disponibilizados por uma das principais instituições financeiras do mercado português e contêm transações de 15 943 indivíduos para os anos de 2019 e 2020. Através de testes ANOVA e do método dos mínimos quadrados, é concluído que há efetivamente variáveis sociodemográficas que impactam o comportamento dos investidores nos mercados financeiros em períodos de crise. Investidores do género masculino são os mais ativos no mercado bolsista em períodos de crise e o estado civil não se relaciona com a atividade nos mercados de capitais. Riqueza, educação e a idade do investidor têm um impacto positivo nos montantes investidos em períodos de crise e a antiguidade do cliente tem um impacto negativo. Relativamente às características do individuo perante a instituição, a posse de uma conta de depósito a prazo com a instituição tem um impacto negativo no montante investido no mercado de capitais em períodos de crise. Já a posse de pelo menos um empréstimo com a instituição demonstra ter um impacto positivo na variável, com os investidores que possuem empréstimos a investir mais no mercado de capitais durante a pandemia. This paper investigates the sociodemographic characteristics of capital markets investors' behaviour during the pandemic period. For this purpose, we use data provided by a major Portuguese financial institution that comprises data for 15,943 individuals' transactions during 2019 and 2020. Using ANOVA tests and OLS estimations it was concluded that there are sociodemographic variables that impact investors’ behaviour towards the market in crisis periods. Male investors are more active during crisis periods than female investors and marital status was seen to not impact trading activity. Investors' wealth, education and age influence invested amounts in a positive way whereas client seniority has a negative impact. The possession of a savings account was seen to impact trading activity negatively while the possession of a loan had a positive impact on amounts traded during the pandemic.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Repositório Instituc...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Repositório Instituc...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • Authors: Zha, Hao; Zhang, Yuxi; Hale, Thomas;

    How long will China continue to try to eliminate COVID? A change of strategy is not very likely, argue Hao Zha (Tsinghua), Yuxi Zhang (LSE), and Thomas Hale (Oxford) who collect and analyse China’s data for the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Prabhakaran, Dorairaj; Singh, Kavita; Kondal, Dimple; Raspail, Lana; +32 Authors

    [This corrects the article DOI: 10.5334/gh.1128.].

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    NARCIS
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Cardinali, Daniel Pedro;

    Abstract: Preservation of a robust circadian rhythmicity (particulsarly of the sleep/wake cycle), a proper nutrition and adequate physical exercise are key elements for healthy aging. Aging comes along with circadian alteration, e.g. a disrupted sleep and inflammation, that leads to metabolic disorders. In turn, sleep cycle disturbances cause numerous pathophysiological changes that accelerates the aging process. In the central nervous system, sleep disruption impairs several functions, among them, the clearance of waste molecules. The decrease of plasma melatonin, a molecule of unusual phylogenetic conservation present in all known aerobic organisms, plays a particular role as far as the endocrine sequels of aging. Every day, the late afternoon/nocturnal increase of melatonin synchronizes both the central circadian pacemaker located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei as well as myriads of peripheral cellular circadian clocks. This is called the “chronobiotic effect” of melatonin, the methoxyindole being the prototype of the endogenous family of chronobiotic agents. In addition, melatonin exerts a significant cytoprotective action by buffering free radicals and reversing inflammation via down regulation of proinflammatory cytokines, suppression of low degree inflammation and prevention of insulin resistance. Because of these properties melatonin has been advocated to be a potential therapeutic tool in COVID 19 pandemic. Melatonin administration to aged animals counteracts a significant number of senescence-related changes. In humans, melatonin is effective both as a chronobiotic and a cytoprotective agent to maintain a healthy aging. Circulating melatonin levels are consistently reduced in the metabolic syndrome, ischemic and non-ischemic cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders like the Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The potential therapeutic value of melatonin has been suggested by a limited number of clinical trials generally employing melatonin in the 2–10 mg/day range. However, from animal studies the cytoprotective effects of melatonin need higher doses to become apparent (i.e. in the 100 mg/day range). Hence, controlled studies employing melatonin doses in this range are urgently needed.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Repositorio Instituc...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • Authors: Zinser, Charles;

    Un des principaux secteurs frappés par la COVID-19, l'industrie touristique du Québec a fait face à une crise sans précédent. L'absence des croisières internationales pour l'année 2020 et 2021 a particulièrement affecté les villes portuaires du Saint-Laurent et les nombreux acteurs qui bénéficiaient des retombées économiques de cette industrie. Les grossistes en voyage et les organisations issues de secteurs de l'industrie touristique à destination (ex. restauration, hébergement) ne pouvaient plus offrir des prestations aux croisiéristes. La période d'arrêt occasionné par la COVID-19 représente une opportunité de réflexion sur les enjeux de ce secteur touristique avant une reprise des activités en 2022. Ces enjeux se manifestent sur le plan social (ex. qualité de vie des communautés d'accueil), environnemental (ex. influence sur la faune et la flore du Saint-Laurent) et économique (ex. coûts nécessaires pour le développement de cette industrie). L'objectif général de cette recherche consiste à éclairer les acteurs touristiques de la région de Québec et du Saint-Laurent afin de leur permettre de développer un modèle d'affaires facilitant la relance et la durabilité du tourisme de croisière post-COVID-19. Pour y parvenir, 24 personnes, principalement issues d'organisations des croisières internationales du Saint-Laurent, ont participé à des entretiens individuels. Les données de ces entretiens ont été traitées à l'aide d'une démarche de nature qualitative. Les résultats de cette recherche nous ont permis d'identifier les principaux enjeux sous un angle pré et post-pandémique. La grande majorité des représentants, 75 %, affirme que les stratégies de développement des croisières demeurent bénéfiques pour le Québec. Cependant, 83% des représentants soulignent que ces stratégies contribuent ou peuvent contribuer à un phénomène de surfréquentation ou de surtourisme dans certaines zones touristiques du Québec. Les résultats permettent également d'identifier le manque de connaissances des représentants envers les composantes de l'écosystème de l'industrie des croisières internationales du Saint-Laurent. La présentation des résultats sera accompagnée de diagrammes, tableaux ou nuage de mots-clés afin d'illustrer les principaux résultats.

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    CorpusUL
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Repositorio Instituc...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • Authors: Filser, Marc;

    Interview sur France Culture disponible sur: https://www.franceculture.fr/economie/covid-19-la-france-agroalimentaire-en-temps-de-crise

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    Authors: Dingemans, Anne-Marie C.; Soo, Ross A.; Jazieh, Abdul Rahman; Rice, Shawn J.; +20 Authors

    The global coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic continues to escalate at a rapid pace inundating medical facilities and creating substantial challenges globally. The risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in patients with cancer seems to be higher, espe- cially as they are more likely to present with an immuno- compromised condition, either from cancer itself or from the treatments they receive. A major consideration in the delivery of cancer care during the pandemic is to balance the risk of patient exposure and infection with the need to provide effective cancer treatment. Many aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 infection currently remain poorly characterized and even less is known about the course of infection in the context of a patient with cancer. As SARS-CoV-2 is highly contagious, the risk of infection directly affects the cancer patient being treated, other cancer patients in close prox- imity, and health care providers. Infection at any level for patients or providers can cause considerable disruption to even the most effective treatment plans. Lung cancer pa- tients, especially those with reduced lung function and cardiopulmonary comorbidities are more likely to have increased risk and mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 as one of its common manifestations is as an acute respi- ratory illness. The purpose of this manuscript is to present a practical multidisciplinary and international overview to assist in treatment for lung cancer patients during this pandemic, with the caveat that evidence is lacking in many areas. It is expected that firmer recommendations can be developed as more evidence becomes available. (C) 2020 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ NARCISarrow_drop_down
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    NARCIS
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  • Authors: Presse- und Informationsamt der Bundesregierung, Berlin;

    On behalf of the Press and Information Office of the Federal Government, the opinion research institute forsa has regularly conducted representative population surveys on the subject of the ´Corona crisis´ (COVID-19) from calendar week 12/2020. The individual question areas were adapted according to the survey period. Credibility of information provided by the federal government on the corona crisis; assessment of current political measures to contain the coronavirus (appropriate, go too far or do not go far enough); vaccination status: Received first vaccination against the Corona virus, already fully vaccinated or not yet vaccinated; willingness to be vaccinated against the Corona virus; own children aged 12-17; willingness in principle to have own children aged 12-17 vaccinated against the Corona virus; Corona warning app installed and used on smartphone in the last few weeks, app installed but deleted in the meantime or never installed; reasons why the Corona warning app has not been installed so far; knowledge of the new functions of the Corona warning app (anonymous check-in via QR code, display of results of rapid tests, display of digital proof of vaccination); use of these new functions; likelihood of (also) using the Corona warning app in the future. Demography: sex; age (grouped); employment; education; net household income (grouped); party preference in the next general election; voting behaviour in the last general election. Additionally coded: region; federal state; weight. Im Auftrag des Presse- und Informationsamts der Bundesregierung hat das Meinungsforschungsinstitut forsa ab Kalenderwoche 12/2020 regelmäßig repräsentative Bevölkerungsbefragungen zum Thema ´Corona-Krise´ (COVID-19) durchgeführt. Die einzelnen Fragegebiete wurden je nach Befragungszeitraum angepasst. Glaubwürdigkeit der Informationen der Bundesregierung zur Corona-Krise; Bewertung der aktuellen politischen Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung des Coronavirus (angemessen, gehen zu weit oder gehen nicht weit genug); Impfstatus: Erstimpfung gegen das Coronavirus erhalten, bereits vollständig geimpft oder noch nicht geimpft; Bereitschaft zur Impfung gegen das Coronavirus; eigene Kinder im Alter zwischen 12 und 17 Jahren; grundsätzliche Bereitschaft eigene Kinder im Alter zwischen 12 und 17 Jahren gegen das Coronavirus impfen zu lassen; Corona-Warn-App in den letzten Wochen auf dem Smartphone installiert und genutzt, App installiert aber zwischenzeitlich gelöscht oder nie installiert; Gründe, warum die Corona-Warn-App bisher nicht installiert wurde; Kenntnis der neuen Funktionen der Corona-Warn-App (anonymes Einchecken mittels QR-Code, Anzeigen der Ergebnisse von Schnelltests, Anzeigen des digitalen Impfnachweises); Nutzung dieser neuen Funktionen; Wahrscheinlichkeit, die Corona-Warn-App (auch) zukünftig zu nutzen. Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter (gruppiert); Erwerbstätigkeit; Schulabschluss; Haushaltsnettoeinkommen (gruppiert); Parteipräferenz bei der nächsten Bundestagswahl; Wahlverhalten bei der letzten Bundestagswahl. Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Region; Bundesland; Gewicht. Probability: MultistageProbability.Multistage Wahrscheinlichkeitsauswahl: Mehrstufige ZufallsauswahlProbability.Multistage Telephone interview: Computer-assisted (CATI)Interview.Telephone.CATI Telefonisches Interview: Computerunterstützte Befragung (CATI)Interview.Telephone.CATI

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    CESSDA
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    Authors: Grupo de Trabajo de Efectividad Vacunación COVID-19; Limia Sánchez, Aurora; Olmedo-Lucerón, Carmen; Sierra Moros, María José; +7 Authors

    Revisión del 20 de mayo de 2022. Este informe muestra los siguientes resultados: • Se ha utilizado el método de screening para el seguimiento de la efectividad de las vacunas (EV) desde abril de 2021, cuando el grupo poblacional de 80 y más años alcanzó la vacunación completa, hasta febrero de 2022. Este método se basa en datos agregados y, por tanto, no es exacto en sus estimaciones, aunque sí es válido para dar rangos de estimaciones y para detectar tendencias. La revisión del 20 de mayo respecto a los resultados iniciales publicados el 20 de abril, consiste en la utilización de los datos de 16 de las 19 Comunidades y Ciudades Autónomas, mientras que en el informe previo se habían utilizado únicamente los datos de 8 de ellas. Esto permite una mayor solidez de las estimaciones. • La EV frente a enfermedad grave (hospitalización y fallecimiento) es elevada, siendo por lo general superior al 80% durante el periodo del estudio, excepto en personas menores de 60 años durante los meses de circulación de la variante Ómicron del SARS-CoV-2, donde la EV desciende hasta el 60-70%. • Se observa un leve descenso de la EV frente a hospitalización hacia los 5 meses tras la vacunación. Esto es evidente, por ejemplo, en el grupo de 80 y más años, y en menor medida en 70-79. Sin embargo, las dosis de recuerdo han logrado restaurar la EV hasta niveles similares a los observados al inicio del programa de vacunación, sobre todo en las personas por encima de los 60 años. • La llegada y expansión de la variante Ómicron de SARS-CoV-2 entre diciembre de 2021 y febrero de 2022 se asocia a una disminución de la EV frente a hospitalización que ha sido de baja magnitud, posiblemente por estar la inmunidad celular bastante conservada frente a esta variante. En los mayores de 50 años, además, la administración de dosis de recuerdo ha contribuido a mantener una EV elevada. En los grupos por debajo de 50 años, que tuvieron una mayor incidencia durante la onda Ómicron, se observa un mayor descenso en la EV frente a hospitalización. Esto podría estar ligado, al menos en parte, a una mayor exposición de estos grupos de edad, así como a la inclusión de hospitalizaciones con test COVID-19 positivo pero que no corresponden a hospitalizaciones por COVID-19 grave. • Para interpretar la EV a lo largo del tiempo, es importante tener en cuenta que la población está compuesta, cada vez en mayor proporción, por personas con antecedente de infección por SARS CoV-2. Esto ocurre entre las personas vacunadas, pero, sobre todo, gracias a la protección conferida por la vacuna, entre las personas no vacunadas. Esto hace que el comparador no vacunado se encuentre parcialmente inmunizado, especialmente en los grupos que han experimentado mayor incidencia de infección, como son los jóvenes. Además, muchos de los casos puedan haber quedado sin diagnosticar por cursar de forma muy leve o asintomática. El resultado es que una proporción mayor (y desconocida) de los no vacunados tienen un riesgo más bajo por haber tenido infección, lo que infraestima el efecto beneficioso de la vacunación. En el mismo sentido, también es plausible que personas que saben que han pasado la infección decidan con mayor frecuencia no vacunarse, especialmente entre grupos con bajo riesgo de enfermedad grave, como son los menores de 40 años. Estos efectos podrían explicar la menor EV encontrada en los jóvenes en la onda Ómicron, tras las cifras de incidencia muy elevadas en estos grupos, así como la disminución de la EV al avanzar en el tiempo. • Debido a las limitaciones mencionadas en el punto anterior, junto con el cese de la realización de pruebas de diagnósticas de SARS-CoV-2 de forma sistemática a casos sintomáticos y contactos coincidiendo con la onda Ómicron, aunque se ha analizado la EV frente a infección confirmada, no se incluye en el informe debido a la dificultad de su interpretación. Sí

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Matos, Fábio Daniel Martinho de;

    O presente trabalho investiga o comportamento dos investidores nos mercados financeiros em períodos de crise. Em particular, este estudo investiga quais os determinantes sociodemográficos do comportamento dos investidores durante o período de crise fruto da pandemia COVID-19, usando o principal índice português, o PSI 20, como objeto de estudo. Os dados foram disponibilizados por uma das principais instituições financeiras do mercado português e contêm transações de 15 943 indivíduos para os anos de 2019 e 2020. Através de testes ANOVA e do método dos mínimos quadrados, é concluído que há efetivamente variáveis sociodemográficas que impactam o comportamento dos investidores nos mercados financeiros em períodos de crise. Investidores do género masculino são os mais ativos no mercado bolsista em períodos de crise e o estado civil não se relaciona com a atividade nos mercados de capitais. Riqueza, educação e a idade do investidor têm um impacto positivo nos montantes investidos em períodos de crise e a antiguidade do cliente tem um impacto negativo. Relativamente às características do individuo perante a instituição, a posse de uma conta de depósito a prazo com a instituição tem um impacto negativo no montante investido no mercado de capitais em períodos de crise. Já a posse de pelo menos um empréstimo com a instituição demonstra ter um impacto positivo na variável, com os investidores que possuem empréstimos a investir mais no mercado de capitais durante a pandemia. This paper investigates the sociodemographic characteristics of capital markets investors' behaviour during the pandemic period. For this purpose, we use data provided by a major Portuguese financial institution that comprises data for 15,943 individuals' transactions during 2019 and 2020. Using ANOVA tests and OLS estimations it was concluded that there are sociodemographic variables that impact investors’ behaviour towards the market in crisis periods. Male investors are more active during crisis periods than female investors and marital status was seen to not impact trading activity. Investors' wealth, education and age influence invested amounts in a positive way whereas client seniority has a negative impact. The possession of a savings account was seen to impact trading activity negatively while the possession of a loan had a positive impact on amounts traded during the pandemic.

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  • Authors: Zha, Hao; Zhang, Yuxi; Hale, Thomas;

    How long will China continue to try to eliminate COVID? A change of strategy is not very likely, argue Hao Zha (Tsinghua), Yuxi Zhang (LSE), and Thomas Hale (Oxford) who collect and analyse China’s data for the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker.

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    Authors: Prabhakaran, Dorairaj; Singh, Kavita; Kondal, Dimple; Raspail, Lana; +32 Authors

    [This corrects the article DOI: 10.5334/gh.1128.].

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    Authors: Cardinali, Daniel Pedro;

    Abstract: Preservation of a robust circadian rhythmicity (particulsarly of the sleep/wake cycle), a proper nutrition and adequate physical exercise are key elements for healthy aging. Aging comes along with circadian alteration, e.g. a disrupted sleep and inflammation, that leads to metabolic disorders. In turn, sleep cycle disturbances cause numerous pathophysiological changes that accelerates the aging process. In the central nervous system, sleep disruption impairs several functions, among them, the clearance of waste molecules. The decrease of plasma melatonin, a molecule of unusual phylogenetic conservation present in all known aerobic organisms, plays a particular role as far as the endocrine sequels of aging. Every day, the late afternoon/nocturnal increase of melatonin synchronizes both the central circadian pacemaker located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei as well as myriads of peripheral cellular circadian clocks. This is called the “chronobiotic effect” of melatonin, the methoxyindole being the prototype of the endogenous family of chronobiotic agents. In addition, melatonin exerts a significant cytoprotective action by buffering free radicals and reversing inflammation via down regulation of proinflammatory cytokines, suppression of low degree inflammation and prevention of insulin resistance. Because of these properties melatonin has been advocated to be a potential therapeutic tool in COVID 19 pandemic. Melatonin administration to aged animals counteracts a significant number of senescence-related changes. In humans, melatonin is effective both as a chronobiotic and a cytoprotective agent to maintain a healthy aging. Circulating melatonin levels are consistently reduced in the metabolic syndrome, ischemic and non-ischemic cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders like the Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The potential therapeutic value of melatonin has been suggested by a limited number of clinical trials generally employing melatonin in the 2–10 mg/day range. However, from animal studies the cytoprotective effects of melatonin need higher doses to become apparent (i.e. in the 100 mg/day range). Hence, controlled studies employing melatonin doses in this range are urgently needed.

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  • Authors: Zinser, Charles;

    Un des principaux secteurs frappés par la COVID-19, l'industrie touristique du Québec a fait face à une crise sans précédent. L'absence des croisières internationales pour l'année 2020 et 2021 a particulièrement affecté les villes portuaires du Saint-Laurent et les nombreux acteurs qui bénéficiaient des retombées économiques de cette industrie. Les grossistes en voyage et les organisations issues de secteurs de l'industrie touristique à destination (ex. restauration, hébergement) ne pouvaient plus offrir des prestations aux croisiéristes. La période d'arrêt occasionné par la COVID-19 représente une opportunité de réflexion sur les enjeux de ce secteur touristique avant une reprise des activités en 2022. Ces enjeux se manifestent sur le plan social (ex. qualité de vie des communautés d'accueil), environnemental (ex. influence sur la faune et la flore du Saint-Laurent) et économique (ex. coûts nécessaires pour le développement de cette industrie). L'objectif général de cette recherche consiste à éclairer les acteurs touristiques de la région de Québec et du Saint-Laurent afin de leur permettre de développer un modèle d'affaires facilitant la relance et la durabilité du tourisme de croisière post-COVID-19. Pour y parvenir, 24 personnes, principalement issues d'organisations des croisières internationales du Saint-Laurent, ont participé à des entretiens individuels. Les données de ces entretiens ont été traitées à l'aide d'une démarche de nature qualitative. Les résultats de cette recherche nous ont permis d'identifier les principaux enjeux sous un angle pré et post-pandémique. La grande majorité des représentants, 75 %, affirme que les stratégies de développement des croisières demeurent bénéfiques pour le Québec. Cependant, 83% des représentants soulignent que ces stratégies contribuent ou peuvent contribuer à un phénomène de surfréquentation ou de surtourisme dans certaines zones touristiques du Québec. Les résultats permettent également d'identifier le manque de connaissances des représentants envers les composantes de l'écosystème de l'industrie des croisières internationales du Saint-Laurent. La présentation des résultats sera accompagnée de diagrammes, tableaux ou nuage de mots-clés afin d'illustrer les principaux résultats.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • Authors: Filser, Marc;

    Interview sur France Culture disponible sur: https://www.franceculture.fr/economie/covid-19-la-france-agroalimentaire-en-temps-de-crise

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    Authors: Dingemans, Anne-Marie C.; Soo, Ross A.; Jazieh, Abdul Rahman; Rice, Shawn J.; +20 Authors

    The global coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic continues to escalate at a rapid pace inundating medical facilities and creating substantial challenges globally. The risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in patients with cancer seems to be higher, espe- cially as they are more likely to present with an immuno- compromised condition, either from cancer itself or from the treatments they receive. A major consideration in the delivery of cancer care during the pandemic is to balance the risk of patient exposure and infection with the need to provide effective cancer treatment. Many aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 infection currently remain poorly characterized and even less is known about the course of infection in the context of a patient with cancer. As SARS-CoV-2 is highly contagious, the risk of infection directly affects the cancer patient being treated, other cancer patients in close prox- imity, and health care providers. Infection at any level for patients or providers can cause considerable disruption to even the most effective treatment plans. Lung cancer pa- tients, especially those with reduced lung function and cardiopulmonary comorbidities are more likely to have increased risk and mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 as one of its common manifestations is as an acute respi- ratory illness. The purpose of this manuscript is to present a practical multidisciplinary and international overview to assist in treatment for lung cancer patients during this pandemic, with the caveat that evidence is lacking in many areas. It is expected that firmer recommendations can be developed as more evidence becomes available. (C) 2020 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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  • Authors: Presse- und Informationsamt der Bundesregierung, Berlin;

    On behalf of the Press and Information Office of the Federal Government, the opinion research institute forsa has regularly conducted representative population surveys on the subject of the ´Corona crisis´ (COVID-19) from calendar week 12/2020. The individual question areas were adapted according to the survey period. Credibility of information provided by the federal government on the corona crisis; assessment of current political measures to contain the coronavirus (appropriate, go too far or do not go far enough); vaccination status: Received first vaccination against the Corona virus, already fully vaccinated or not yet vaccinated; willingness to be vaccinated against the Corona virus; own children aged 12-17; willingness in principle to have own children aged 12-17 vaccinated against the Corona virus; Corona warning app installed and used on smartphone in the last few weeks, app installed but deleted in the meantime or never installed; reasons why the Corona warning app has not been installed so far; knowledge of the new functions of the Corona warning app (anonymous check-in via QR code, display of results of rapid tests, display of digital proof of vaccination); use of these new functions; likelihood of (also) using the Corona warning app in the future. Demography: sex; age (grouped); employment; education; net household income (grouped); party preference in the next general election; voting behaviour in the last general election. Additionally coded: region; federal state; weight. Im Auftrag des Presse- und Informationsamts der Bundesregierung hat das Meinungsforschungsinstitut forsa ab Kalenderwoche 12/2020 regelmäßig repräsentative Bevölkerungsbefragungen zum Thema ´Corona-Krise´ (COVID-19) durchgeführt. Die einzelnen Fragegebiete wurden je nach Befragungszeitraum angepasst. Glaubwürdigkeit der Informationen der Bundesregierung zur Corona-Krise; Bewertung der aktuellen politischen Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung des Coronavirus (angemessen, gehen zu weit oder gehen nicht weit genug); Impfstatus: Erstimpfung gegen das Coronavirus erhalten, bereits vollständig geimpft oder noch nicht geimpft; Bereitschaft zur Impfung gegen das Coronavirus; eigene Kinder im Alter zwischen 12 und 17 Jahren; grundsätzliche Bereitschaft eigene Kinder im Alter zwischen 12 und 17 Jahren gegen das Coronavirus impfen zu lassen; Corona-Warn-App in den letzten Wochen auf dem Smartphone installiert und genutzt, App installiert aber zwischenzeitlich gelöscht oder nie installiert; Gründe, warum die Corona-Warn-App bisher nicht installiert wurde; Kenntnis der neuen Funktionen der Corona-Warn-App (anonymes Einchecken mittels QR-Code, Anzeigen der Ergebnisse von Schnelltests, Anzeigen des digitalen Impfnachweises); Nutzung dieser neuen Funktionen; Wahrscheinlichkeit, die Corona-Warn-App (auch) zukünftig zu nutzen. Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter (gruppiert); Erwerbstätigkeit; Schulabschluss; Haushaltsnettoeinkommen (gruppiert); Parteipräferenz bei der nächsten Bundestagswahl; Wahlverhalten bei der letzten Bundestagswahl. Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Region; Bundesland; Gewicht. Probability: MultistageProbability.Multistage Wahrscheinlichkeitsauswahl: Mehrstufige ZufallsauswahlProbability.Multistage Telephone interview: Computer-assisted (CATI)Interview.Telephone.CATI Telefonisches Interview: Computerunterstützte Befragung (CATI)Interview.Telephone.CATI

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    Authors: Grupo de Trabajo de Efectividad Vacunación COVID-19; Limia Sánchez, Aurora; Olmedo-Lucerón, Carmen; Sierra Moros, María José; +7 Authors

    Revisión del 20 de mayo de 2022. Este informe muestra los siguientes resultados: • Se ha utilizado el método de screening para el seguimiento de la efectividad de las vacunas (EV) desde abril de 2021, cuando el grupo poblacional de 80 y más años alcanzó la vacunación completa, hasta febrero de 2022. Este método se basa en datos agregados y, por tanto, no es exacto en sus estimaciones, aunque sí es válido para dar rangos de estimaciones y para detectar tendencias. La revisión del 20 de mayo respecto a los resultados iniciales publicados el 20 de abril, consiste en la utilización de los datos de 16 de las 19 Comunidades y Ciudades Autónomas, mientras que en el informe previo se habían utilizado únicamente los datos de 8 de ellas. Esto permite una mayor solidez de las estimaciones. • La EV frente a enfermedad grave (hospitalización y fallecimiento) es elevada, siendo por lo general superior al 80% durante el periodo del estudio, excepto en personas menores de 60 años durante los meses de circulación de la variante Ómicron del SARS-CoV-2, donde la EV desciende hasta el 60-70%. • Se observa un leve descenso de la EV frente a hospitalización hacia los 5 meses tras la vacunación. Esto es evidente, por ejemplo, en el grupo de 80 y más años, y en menor medida en 70-79. Sin embargo, las dosis de recuerdo han logrado restaurar la EV hasta niveles similares a los observados al inicio del programa de vacunación, sobre todo en las personas por encima de los 60 años. • La llegada y expansión de la variante Ómicron de SARS-CoV-2 entre diciembre de 2021 y febrero de 2022 se asocia a una disminución de la EV frente a hospitalización que ha sido de baja magnitud, posiblemente por estar la inmunidad celular bastante conservada frente a esta variante. En los mayores de 50 años, además, la administración de dosis de recuerdo ha contribuido a mantener una EV elevada. En los grupos por debajo de 50 años, que tuvieron una mayor incidencia durante la onda Ómicron, se observa un mayor descenso en la EV frente a hospitalización. Esto podría estar ligado, al menos en parte, a una mayor exposición de estos grupos de edad, así como a la inclusión de hospitalizaciones con test COVID-19 positivo pero que no corresponden a hospitalizaciones por COVID-19 grave. • Para interpretar la EV a lo largo del tiempo, es importante tener en cuenta que la población está compuesta, cada vez en mayor proporción, por personas con antecedente de infección por SARS CoV-2. Esto ocurre entre las personas vacunadas, pero, sobre todo, gracias a la protección conferida por la vacuna, entre las personas no vacunadas. Esto hace que el comparador no vacunado se encuentre parcialmente inmunizado, especialmente en los grupos que han experimentado mayor incidencia de infección, como son los jóvenes. Además, muchos de los casos puedan haber quedado sin diagnosticar por cursar de forma muy leve o asintomática. El resultado es que una proporción mayor (y desconocida) de los no vacunados tienen un riesgo más bajo por haber tenido infección, lo que infraestima el efecto beneficioso de la vacunación. En el mismo sentido, también es plausible que personas que saben que han pasado la infección decidan con mayor frecuencia no vacunarse, especialmente entre grupos con bajo riesgo de enfermedad grave, como son los menores de 40 años. Estos efectos podrían explicar la menor EV encontrada en los jóvenes en la onda Ómicron, tras las cifras de incidencia muy elevadas en estos grupos, así como la disminución de la EV al avanzar en el tiempo. • Debido a las limitaciones mencionadas en el punto anterior, junto con el cese de la realización de pruebas de diagnósticas de SARS-CoV-2 de forma sistemática a casos sintomáticos y contactos coincidiendo con la onda Ómicron, aunque se ha analizado la EV frente a infección confirmada, no se incluye en el informe debido a la dificultad de su interpretación. Sí

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