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Introduction: Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline antibiotic used as an anticancer agent and is a widely used chemotherapeutic for many cancer types such as sarcoma, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and as well as breast and liver cancers. Recently, it has been shown that DOX causes hepatic toxicity. Toxic effects of DOX are associated with increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), releasing of pro-inflammatory cytokines and induction of apoptotic and necrotic changes in organs. The aim of this study is determine of dose-dependent effects of DOX on inflammation in rat liver tissue. Methods: 30 male rats were assigned to the following groups: Group I as controls, Group II was given Chronic DOX i.p. (2 mg/kg/BW) a total of 10 times, once every three days. Groups III, Acute DOX group which received DOX (15 mg/kg BW) single dose as the intraperitoneal the 20th day of the study. On the 28th day of the experiment, under anesthesia by ether, livers of animals were obtained for histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation. Sections of 5 μm thick were sliced with a microtome and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. TNF-alpha and IL-6 were detected immunohistochemically using a polyclonal antibody and the streptavidin–biotin–peroxidase technique. Results: In this study, injection of both DOX Chronic (2mg/kg) and DOX Acute (15 mg/kg) triggered a significant elevation of the liver damage. Hepatic sections of the rats treated with chronic and acute DOX groups were seen intracellular cell degeneration, intracytoplasmic vacuoles, haemorrhage and picnotic cells. IL-6 immunreactivity was significantly increased in chronic group and acute group compared to control group. TNFalpha immunreactivity was significantly increased in chronic group compared to control group. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that chronically administered doxorubicin increases liver damage. In conclusion, it may be advisable to increase studies on the use of chronic doses in combination of antiinflammatory agents.

Globally, travel and tourism sector were hit hard by the impacts of the Covid-19 restrictions and lockdowns. In Turkey, the total contribution of travel and tourism to the GDP was more than halved in 2020 as compared to the previous year. While the sudden stop in 2020 had a negative impact on the sector, it created a unique opportunity to redesign a more resilient long-term tourism strategy. Based on multi-stakeholder cooperation, Turkish tourism authorities build the post-Covid recovery strategy on competitiveness and sustainability while aiming at increasing the income generated from tourism activities. This conference paper analyzes Turkey’s post-Covid sustainable tourism strategy from the perspective of changing consumer behaviors, pre-and post-Covid tourism demand, and the impact of sustainability on tourism competitiveness.

When it comes to utopian literature (depictions of better places), anti-utopian literature (satirical critiques of someone else’s conception of a better place), and dystopian literature (depictions of bad places), the distinctions are almost entirely subjective (Horan, “Totalitarian” 54). William Morris, for instance, famously regarded Edward Bellamy’s sanguine Looking Backward (1888) as a dystopia, proposing a different socialist alternative to capitalism in News From Nowhere (1890), a novel that is therefore both utopian and anti-utopian, depending on your perspective.

Media Review: The Platform The Platform Emrah Atasoy MEDIA REVIEW: The Platform. Directed by Galder Gaztelu-Urrutia, Basque Films, distributed by Netflix, 2019.