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Straipsnis skirtas astronomo, mokslininko, Vilniaus akademijos rektoriaus ir reformatoriaus, kunigo Martyno Počobuto-Odlianickio ir vieno svarbiausių kultūrinio gyvenimo veikėjų Stanislavo Augusto Poniatovskio valdymo laikais – vyskupo Adomo Naruševičiaus susirašinėjimui aptarti. Počobutas kreipėsi į Naruševičių, su kuriuo nuo jėzuitų laikų jį siejo draugystės ryšiai, prašydamas paramos savo mokslinių tyrimų iniciatyvoms. Be to, jis pristatė labai įdomius ir svarbius planus įsteigti Mokslo draugiją, kurios tikslas buvo skleisti žinias. Išsaugoti laiškai leidžia pamatyti Vilniaus astronomą kaip plataus akiračio žmogų, įdomų tyrinėtoją ir gerą mokslinio darbo organizatorių. Susirašinėjimas taip pat liudija apie draugiškus Naruševičiaus ir Počobuto santykius. Šio epistolinio palikimo pristatymas ir aptarimas praturtina žinias apie Abiejų Tautų Respublikos Apšvietos epochos kultūrą. The article presents the correspondence between Marcin Poczobut-Odlanicki, rector of Vilnius Academy, a Catholic priest, astronomer, scholar, and reformer, and Adam Naruszewicz, a poet and one of the most significant figures of the cultural life in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth under the reign of King Stanisław August Poniatowski. Poczobut approached Naruszevicz, with whom he had been friends since his Jesuit days, to ask for support for his research initiatives. He presented very interesting and important plans of establishing the Scientific Society, the main goal of which would be the dissemination of knowledge. The preserved letters show the astronomer of Vilnius as a broad-minded person, a curious scholar, and a capable organiser of research. The correspondence also reveals the bonds of friendship between Naruszewicz and Poczobut. This epistolary legacy and its discussion enrich our knowledge of the culture of the Age of Enlightenment in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

The article concentrate on the issues concerned local matters, like self-governments for example regular elections of district officials, presence of the Russian troops and destruction made by them, matters of towns, particularly position and profits of Kaunas. The most numerous are issues concentrating on personal matters. Instructions was often used by local leaders to strengthen their position in emulation of local factions and local issues often were caused by particular interests.

The article analyses an anonymous text about the death of Andrzej Lipski of the Grabie coat of arms (1572-1631), the bishop of Cracow and the chancellor of the Crown, one of the most influential politicians at the times of Sigismund III Vasa, an ardent supporter of the king and of the clergy’s struggle for tithes. The single surviving copy of the text was found in the records of the court of Krzysztof II Radziwiłł, the great hetman of Lithuania and the Vilnius voivode, the leader of Lithuanian protestams. The author of the article traces the origin of the text, trying to discover the motifs behind its publication and connections with historical facts. She also describes its literary form, which indicates that it was intended as a pasquinade. In conclusion she hypothesises that this and similar descriptions of disgraceful death could have been used in ideological struggles, in this case between the dissident opposition and Sigismund Ill’s court party.

Straipsnio tikslas - parodyti, kaip Władysławo Zahorskio surinkti padavimai ir legendos šiandien atsispindi miesto fizinėje, vaizdinėje erdvėje, be kita ko, paminkluose, memorialinėse lentose, instaliacijose, taip pat istorijose, kurios pasakojamos Lietuvos sostinės svečiams ir gyventojams. Padavimai paaiškina konkrečių istorinių ir geografinių objektų atsiradimą Vilniuje, atskleidžia praeitį, atspindi senus įsitikinimus, papročius, etinius ir socialinius gyvensenos principus, juose užšifruotos religinės, istoriografinės ir tautinės reikšmės. Pateikia informaciją apie legendinius valdovus, svarbias vietas. Zahorskio knyga pristato miestą panašiai kaip gidai, skirti universaliam turistui. Padavimai ir legendos sukuria daugiakultūrinio, daugiareliginio miesto su sudėtinga praeitimi vaizdą, matomą šiandien per įvairius fizinius ženklus. Zahorskis knygoje sujungia įvairius pasakojimus apie lietuvišką, lenkišką ir žydišką Vilnių. The purpose of the article is to show how Vilnius stories and legends, collected by Władysław Zahorski, are alive today and are reflected in the physical, visual form of the city, including in monuments, memorial plaques, installations, but also in stories told to guests and residents of the Lithuanian capital. The stories explain the appearance of specific historical and geographical objects in Vilnius, contain signs of the past, reflect old beliefs, customs, ethical and social principles, and clarify encrypted religious, historiographic and national meanings. They bring information about legendary rulers and important places. Zahorski's book is part of the city's presentations characteristic of tourist guides addressed to the universal recipient. Stories and legends create a picture of a multicultural, multi-faith city with a complex past that is visible today through various physical signs. Zahorski combines various narratives about Lithuanian, Polish and Jewish Vilnius in the book.

Vilniaus (Verkių) Kalvarijos – tai šventoji vieta, kur dešimtis, net šimtus kilometrų maldininkai eidavo pėsti, kad galėtų pakartoti Kristaus Kryžiaus kelią ir taip patirti begalinę Dievo palaimą. Kryžiaus kelią XVII a. įsteigė vyskupas Jurgis Bialozaras. Šiandien Vilniaus Kalvarijų Kryžiaus kelio pamaldumo praktika apima 35-ių stočių Kryžiaus kelio, Vilniaus Šv. Kryžiaus Atradimo bažnyčios centrinio altoriaus ir relikvijoriaus su Šv. Kryžiaus relikvija garbinimą. Kryžiaus kelias liudija tragišką istoriją. Nuo sovietmečio pradžios buvo uždrausta lankytis šioje teritorijoje, o 1962 m. koplyčias įsakyta sunaikinti. Straipsnyje aprašomas Vilniaus Kalvarijų atsiradimas, gyvavimas ir tragiškas likimas. Taip pat aptariamas jų atkūrimas, kai Lietuva 1990 m. atgavo nepriklausomybę, kartu ir tikėjimo laisvę. Straipsnyje atskleidžiama šio unikalaus ansamblio architektūros ir gamtos vienovė. The Calvary of Vilnius (Verkiai) is a sacred place. Pious pilgrims made journeys of hundreds of kilometres on foot to repeat the Lord’s Way of the Cross. Verkiai Calvary has been established in the 17th century. The founder was bishop of Vilnius Jerzy Biallozor. Today the ensemble of Verkiai Calvary consists of the Finding of the Holy Cross Church and 35 martyrdom path stations. The sanctuary escaped closure for many years under the Soviet rule. Almost all stations were completely destroyed in 1962. The article discloses the story of the origin, life and tragic fate of these stations. In 1990, after Lithuania regained the independence and the freedom of religion, the rebuilding of the stations started.

The paper comprises a description of the religious language used in the Renaissance. It addresses the topic of the literature of Reformation and Counter-Reformation (Catholic Revival) periods and its significance as a uniting force for a given community of believers. Moreover, the paper describes the linguistic solutions and means of persuasion used to achieve that purpose. The study material are three sixteenth-century texts: two that originated in two Christian denominations – Catholic and Protestant ones (sermons published by Piotr Skarga and Petrus Artomius on the occasion of the Assumption Feast of Mary the Virgin in 1595) and one that derives from Islam (Surah 7 of the Quran “The Heights” translated by the Tatars of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, 16th century). The analysis covers the structure of these historical texts, the exponents of dialogue and the linguistic means of persuasion which include, among others, evaluative and directive language as well as stylistic devices. Research has shown that the three religious polemical texts can be classified as persuasive literature of the Reformation. They comprise linguistic exponents with impressive and expressive functions. In the linguistic layer, the texts contain universal features of the religious code, such as openness and polysemy, which are expressed by analogy, comparison, metonymy, metaphor, and making non-assertive utterances. The paper discusses lexis excerpted from the texts and denoting values as well as volitive and imperative and persuasive and emotive vocabulary with noticeable dichotomic references to what is good and what is bad. These elements arrange the sacred space of the religious texts and constitute the axis of integration for a given community of believers. The result of religious discourse of the Reformation is the presence of the exponents of the rhetorical style in Polish texts, which is manifested by the use of quotations from authoritative religious works, i.e. mainly from the Bible and the Quran.

The matrimonial covenant by which a man and a woman establish between them-selves a partnership of the whole of life is not a legal arrangement. In the Catholic Church it has been raised to the dignity of a sacrament between the baptized. The teaching of the Church is unambiguous that marriage is a divine institution. It is therefore referred to as ‛covenant’ instead of the former ‛contract’. This is a sacrament, which to assist at marriage must be an appropriate external form – requires a liturgical rite. Therefore, the ecclesiastical legislator formulated a rule regarding the form of the celebration of marriage. Based on the author’s sociological and pastoral research, the study explores the practical side of celebration of marriage in Wiłkawiszska Diocese.

Tekstas skirtas dviem Vėlinių pastatymams, kuriuos režisavo lietuviai Jonas Vaitkus (Vilniaus akademinis dramos teatras, 1990) ir Eimuntas Nekrošius (Varšuvos nacionalinis teatras, 2016). Autorė primena, kaip buvo priimami abu pastatymai, sugretina juos ir analizuoja juose esančias lietuviškas gijas. The article concerns two theatrical stagings of "Forefather'’ Eve" made by Lithuanian directors: Jonas Vaitkus (Academic Dramatic Theater in Vilnius, 1990) and Eimuntas Nekrošius (National Theater in Warsaw, 2016). The author recalls the history of the reception of both productions, juxtaposes them and analyzes the Lithuanian threads presented in them.

Straipsnyje aptariama kelių lietuvių kalbos priešdėlinių veiksmažodžių (su-bradžióti, iš-skìlti, at-vérti / už-vérti , iš-réikšti, ap-àkti) daryba ir kaita bei jų sąsajos su paprastaisiais veiksmažodžiais (bradžióti, skìlti, vérti, réikšti, àkti). Abiems formoms būdinga deprefiksacija, tam tikros rūšies atbulinė daryba, pvz., subradžióti → bradžióti. This paper discusses the development of several Lithuanian prefixal verbs (su-bradžióti "to do a wrong thing", iš-skìlti "to strike spark", at-vérti / už-vérti "to open / to close", iš-réikšti "to express", ap-àkti "to go blind") and their relation to simplex forms (bradžióti "wade; do a wrong thing", skìlti "to strike spark", vérti "to thread; to prick; to open; to close", réikšti "to express, to mean", àkti "to go blind"). What these forms have in common is deprefixation, a kind of retrograde derivation exemplified by subradžióti → bradžióti.