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At the beginning of the XXI century Ukrainian art observed activization of the artist’s interest for the political life of the country. The starting point was 2004, marked by protests against unfair elections in the country, the birth of the first “Maidan” and “Orange revolution”. In a number of artistic actions organized by art groups we can see the reflection of the revolution events and, later, the frustrations of its ideals. The most striking manifestation of political issues in contemporary art in Ukraine was the great creativity following the second “Maidan” (2013). In this spontaneous Performance everyone plays a role: the participants are the protesters, official persons, fighters of “Berkut” and interior force troops, journalists and others. Protesters’ tents, barricades, a statue of Lenin and “Maidan” itself (or Independence Square) as a place of free will and creativity became the Symbols of the “Maidan” and its own art objects.

Public relations is involved in all communication between an organization and the pu-blic. In the contemporary world, PR practitioners have become the facilitators of information. Information and communication technology (ICT) have imposed new rules in the fi eld of public relations. Communication strategy and information management have become crucial parts of modern public relations. People change their habits with regard to the consumption of traditional and new media. The challenges imposed by the development of information and communication technology are also related to understanding the new information so-ciety. For that reason information ethics deals with the ethical implications of dissemination, use, development and safety of information. Public relations follow new information and communication trends, and they need to build fi rm ethical principles for the age of informa-tion. The author examines the ethical implications of the framing concept in public relations.

Aim. The aim of the research is to compare Konstantin Levin’s function in the film Anna Karenina(2012) by Joe Wright, the script written by Tom Stoppard and the novel Anna Kareninaby Leo Tolstoy and to determine how much his figure was changed in the film adaptation under the influence of the scriptwriter’s and director’s stance. Methods. The subjects of the study were the film Anna Karenina (2012) by Joe Wright, the script written by Tom Stoppard and the novel Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy. They are analysed with the use of the theory of script writing, different types of character classifications and the text corpus analysis, taking into account the cultural, historical and economic features of scriptwriting and film production. Results. The analysis shows that Konstantin Levin’s function of the second protagonist that is characteristic for the novel is further developed in the screenplay but is omitted in the film. The discrepancies with the source book and the screenplay are caused by the influence of the film director during the film production. Conclusions. Even though the study considers the texts that are closely interrelated, the individual author’s stance influences the text of the screenplay so much that it gives us an opportunity to call Tom Stoppard, the scriptwriter, a writer in the full sense of the word.

Education is the key supporter of society, yet at the same time it is the main challenge to hu-manity and society. The need for change is incontestable in all fi elds, including that of education.Education in Kosovo has taken a long, challenging and extremely diffi cult journey. Such challenging situations are a result of the low level of economic and social development in Ko-sovo. Today, education in Kosovo is considered to have made signifi cant progress as a result of fundamental reforms of the education system towards standardization to the European Union education system.This paper aims to analyze the historical, political and economic infl uence on the edu-cation system in Kosovo in general and the teacher education in particular, on its course to-wards implementation of the objectives of the Bologna Process and integration into the Euro-pean Higher Education Area (EHEA).

Chinese culture and tradition stand in direct opposition to American and European cultures. Chinese children must live according to the principles of metaconfucianism from an early age. Failure to do so threatens social ostracism.Amy Chua in her autobiographical novel Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother describes the education of her two daughters living in America according to the principles present in China. The educational methods used by Chua are considered controversial by western parents. The author made an attempt to explain the motives of Asian mothers. 

Having no internal borders, what is a border for the European Union (EU)? Which criteria does this powerful organization pursue in its decision-making on further expansion: geographical, political, cultural, economic or all of these? What is the profi t of the Union in advancing its external borders to the east? And why to the east and not the south or west across the Atlantic? Does it still mean that there is the reason for enlarging eastward based on the geographical belonging to Europe? This paper discusses the expansion of the European Union to the east with the main focus on its political and economic aspects of integration. The fi rst part includes introduction to the concept of Europe, historic background about the formation of the united Europe in terms of geography, culture, politics and economy, juxtaposing opinions and viewpoints of different experts and political scientists on “what is Europe?” and what are the core issues of its enlargement. The second and third parts are dedicated to the advantages and disadvantages of European Integration for both parties concerned – the EU and the candidate/member state, in the case of the former having its own “demarcation policy” towards certain regions of the continent when it comes to unifi cation. And the fourth part is about the communication and miscommunication of the informative bodies of the European Union that are responsible for public awareness on any process that goes on within the European family. The lack of information results in the ignorance of citizens of European and partner countries, which, of course, refl ects on the further processes of expansion on the political level and cultural perception and mentality on the social level. The conclusion sums up the research, and the bibliography lists the books, articles, monographs and Internet sources used in the course of the study.

Aim. To determine which websites most influenced Internet users in the Czech Republic in health matters, to assess the quality of these websites according to predetermined criteria, and to analyse the impact of the project MedLike. Methods. The points assigned to individual websites displayed when searching 734 terms (diseases and symptoms) were summed up to obtain a list of the most viewed websites. The quality of the websites was assessed according to predetermined criteria. Results. The websites with the greatest potential to influence Internet users in terms of health information (the most viewed websites) are ulekare.cz, mojezdravi.cz, cs.wikipedia.org. Most of them lack links to resources, information about the authors and dates of publication/updates. The articles are not easy to understand and contain unexplained medical terms. A vast majority of websites lacked updated information. Conclusion. Incorrect, misleading, and not up to date information was found in the articles. This can lead to the harm to the user. Cíl. Zjistit, které weby nejvíce ovlivnily uživatele internetu v České republice v oblasti zdraví, posoudit kvalitu těchto webových stránek podle předem stanovených kritérií a analyzovat dopad projektu MedLike. Metody. Body přiřazené jednotlivým webovým stránkám zobrazeným při vyhledávání 734 termínů (nemoci a příznaky) byly sečteny, aby byl získán seznam nejsledovanějších webových stránek. Kvalita webových stránek byla hodnocena podle předem stanovených kritérií. Výsledky. Weby s největším potenciálem ovlivnit uživatele internetu z hlediska informací o zdraví (nejsledovanější weby) jsou ulekare.cz, mojezdravi.cz, cs.wikipedia.org. U většiny z nich chybí odkazy na zdroje, informace o autorech a data vydání / aktualizace. Články nejsou snadno srozumitelné a obsahují nevysvětlené lékařské pojmy. Drtivé většině webových stránek chyběly aktualizované informace. Závěr. V článcích byly nalezeny nesprávné, zavádějící a neaktuální informace. To může vést k poškození uživatele.

There is an increased demand for education in our society. The expectations of employers and the economy in general have also changed; knowledge is fast becoming the driving force behind labour market competitiveness. Seeing these tendencies, we had to ask ourselves how the most involved group, the students see their situation. How do they see the role of educa-tion in their career paths as well as in life-long learning? We conducted our research in this fi eld in the second half of last year. In this essay, we are publishing some partial results of that research in order to prove the hypothesis made during our studies.

Memorial site pedagogy is a term describing the practice and theory of historico-poli-tical education in museums in former nazi concentration camps. It combines gaining and deepening historical knowledge on the topic of World War II with self-development and shaping socially desirable attitudes, through usage of non-formal educational methods. Pedagogy of memorial sites aims at, among other things, learning tolerance and respect for diversity and shaping refl ective and active members of society. It offers an answer to the needs of contemporary European societies in the area of strengthening democratic attitudes.

Foreign language anxiety (FLA) has long been recognized as a factor that hinders the process of foreign language learning at all levels. Among numerous FLA sources identified in the literature, language classroom seems to be of particular interest and significance, especially in the formal language learning context, where the course and the teacher are often the only representatives of language. The main purpose of the study is to determine the presence and potential sources of foreign language anxiety among first year university students and to explore how high anxiety levels shape and affect students’ foreign language learning experience. In the study both the questionnaire and the interviews were used as the data collection methods. Thematic analysis of the interviews and descriptive statistics suggest that most anxiety-provoking situations stem from the language classroom itself.