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Mutual learning process between two parity feed-forward networks with discrete and continuous weights is studied analytically, and we find that the number of steps required to achieve full synchronization between the two networks in the case of discrete weights is finit...

Abstract Archaeozoological evidence indicates that sheep were first domesticated in the Fertile Crescent. To search for DNA sequence diversity arising from previously undetected domestication events, this survey examined nine breeds of sheep from modern-day Turkey and I...

Life, or at least life as we know it, depends on water. Water is the solvent in which the cytoplasmic enzymatic machinery functions. However, life on Earth has adapted to a variety of environments with low water activity. Availability of water can be reduced both by the...

We prove several relations on the $f$-vectors and Betti numbers of flag complexes. For every flag complex $\Delta$, we show that there exists a balanced complex with the same $f$-vector as $\Delta$, and whose top-dimensional Betti number is at least that of $\Delta$, th...

Global warming has prompted a search for new materials that capture and sink carbon dioxide (CO2). Biochar is a derivative of biomass pyrolysis and a carbon sink mainly used to improve crop production. This work explores the underlying mechanism behind biochar’s electri...

BackgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with future cardiovascular morbidity and recognized as a women-specific risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms for this association are not well established. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the ...

Soft quasilocalized modes (QLMs) are universally featured by structural glasses quenched from a melt, and are supposedly involved in a number of glassy anomalies such as the low temperature scaling of their thermal conductivity and specific heat, and sound attenuation a...

The intrinsically photosensitive M1 retinal ganglion cells (ipRGC) initiate non-image-forming light-dependent activities and express the melanopsin (OPN4) photopigment. Several features of ipRGC photosensitivity are characteristic of fly photoreceptors. However, the lig...

Abstract Set-shifting difficulties have been suggested to underlie rigid and inflexible thinking in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). Studies reported set-shifting deficiencies in adults with AN and also in their unaffected family members, suggesting that set-shiftin...

Can abundance of natural resources affect legislators' voting behaviour over federal tax policies? We construct a political economy model of a federalized economy with district heterogeneity in natural resource abundance. The model shows that representatives of natural ...