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Bu çalışmada, bir uzaktan algılama yöntemi olan CoastSat açık kaynaklı yazılım araç takımı kullanılarak çalışma alanı olarak seçilen Karasu Limanının doğusundaki yaklaşık 6,3 km’lik Karasu sahilinin 1990-2021 yılları arasındaki kıyı çizgisi değişiminin ve burada inşa edilen yapıların bu değişime etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, CoastSat araç takımı kullanılarak Karasu Sahilinin 1990 ve 2021 yılları arasındaki uydu görüntüleri işlenmiş ve yaklaşık aynı zamana denk gelen farklı yıllara ait görüntülerden yararlanılarak ilgili kıyı şeridinin kıyı çizgisi çıkartılarak üst üste çakıştırılmış ve kıyıda oluşan erozyon ve yığılma durumu belirlenmiştir. Kıyı çizgilerinin çakıştırılmasının yanında kıyı şeridi boyunca farklı lokasyonlardan kesitler alınarak kesitsel değişimler de incelenmiştir. Kıyı şeridinde oluşan erozyon ve yığılma durumlarına ilgili kıyıda inşa edilen balıkçı barınağı/liman, mahmuzlar ve açık deniz mendirekleri gibi yapıların bu değişime katkısı da tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, bölgenin dalga iklimi ve fırtına iklimi çıkartılarak farklı dönemlerdeki dalga ve fırtına iklimindeki değişimlerin bu kıyı çizgisi değişimine olan katkısı da tartışılmıştır. Sonuçta, yapımına 1995 yılında başlanılan liman inşaatının Sakarya nehrinden taşınan katı maddelerin taşınmasını engelleyerek sahilde önemli ölçüde erozyona sebep olduğu, bu erozyonu önlemek için 2009 yılında inşa edilen 12 adet kıyıya dik mahmuzun şiddetli fırtınaların da etkisiyle birlikte erozyonun daha fazla artmasına sebep olduğu, meydana gelen kıyı erozyonunun önlenebilmesi ve kum toplama amacıyla 2010 yılında yapımına başlanan ve sonuncusunun 2016 yılının ortalarına doğru tamamlandığı kıyıya paralel inşa edilen toplam 27 adet ayrık dalgakıran akabinde sahilin kum tutmaya başladığı ve önemli miktarda kum tutmanın gerçekleşmiş olmasına karşın bazı kıyı kesimlerinde kıyı çizgisinin hala 1990 yıllarındaki seviyesine ulaşamadığı tespit edilmiştir. In this study, it is aimed to examine the change of the coastline between the years 1990-2021 and the effects of the structures built here on the 6.3 km Karasu coast to the east of the Karasu Port, which was selected as the study area by using the CoastSat open source software toolkit, which is a remote sensing method. In this context, using the CoastSat toolkit, the satellite images of the Karasu Coast between 1990 and 2021 were processed, and the coastline of the relevant coastline was overlapped by using the images from different years, which coincided with the same time, and the erosion and accumulation situation on the coast were determined. In addition to overlapping the coastlines, cross-sectional changes were also examined by taking sections from different locations along the coastline. The contribution of structures such as fisherman's shelter/harbour, groins and offshore breakwaters built on the coast to erosion and accumulation on the coastline has also been determined. In addition, the wave climate and storm climate of the region were extracted and the contribution of the changes in the wave and storm climate in different periods to this coastal line change was also discussed. As a result, the construction of the port, the construction of which was started in 1995, caused significant erosion on the coast by preventing the transport of sediments carried from the Sakarya river, and the 12 vertical groins built in 2009 to prevent this erosion caused the erosion to increase further with the effect of severe storms, and the resulting coastal erosion. It has been determined that 27 offshore breakwaters, which were built parallel to the shore, the construction of which was started in 2010 and the last one was completed towards the middle of 2016, for the purpose of preventing sand collection, and that the beach started to hold sand and the shoreline still did not reach the level of 1990 in some coastal areas, although a significant amount of sand was retained.

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos Since 2003, the state of Espírito Santo has undergone several changes institutional policies, when there were changes in agricultural policy guidelines state, through the Strategic Plan for Agriculture Capixaba (PEDEAG). The study aims to examine whether, due to the implementation of PEDEAG, a change in the spending pattern of the State and assess the relationship between the evolution of public spending in the state of Espírito Santo and its impacts on agricultural production growth.To achieve this goal, we propose a descriptive analysis of public spending on agriculture and estimation of agricultural production function, in two approaches: using as dependent variable agricultural production of the municipalities and counties of agricultural GDP and as explanatory variables, the land factor , human capital, use of fertilizers, technical guidance, number of tractors and municipal public spending. As a result, it was observed that the State expenditure followed guidelines PEDEAG. And that in aggregate public spending on agriculture municipalities followed the behavior of state spending on agriculture. The production functions estimated proved the positive impact of spending on agriculture in both output value of agriculture, as in agricultural GDP, however the technical guidance presented negative, contrary to expectations. It was also found that the deployment of the poles of fruit, except the poles mango and guava, positively impacted the agricultural GDP. A partir de 2003, o estado do Espírito Santo passou por diversas mudanças políticas institucionais, quando ocorreram alterações nas diretrizes da política agrícola estadual, por meio do Plano Estratégico de Desenvolvimento da Agricultura Capixaba (PEDEAG). O trabalho tem por finalidade analisar se, devido à implantação do PEDEAG, ocorreu alguma mudança no padrão de gastos do Estado e avaliar a relação entre a evolução dos gastos públicos no estado do Espírito Santo e seus impactos no crescimento da produção agrícola. Para alcançar esse objetivo, é proposta uma análise descritiva dos gastos públicos em agricultura e a estimação da função de produção agrícola em duas abordagens: usando como variável dependente a produção agrícola dos municípios e o PIB da agropecuária dos municípios e como variáveis explicativas, o fator terra, mão de obra, uso de adubação, orientação técnica, número de tratores e gasto público municipal. Como resultado, observou-se que os gastos públicos estaduais acompanharam as diretrizes do PEDEAG. E que, de forma agregada, os gastos públicos em agricultura dos municípios seguiram o comportamento dos gastos estaduais em agricultura. As funções de produção estimadas comprovaram o impacto positivo dos gastos em agricultura tanto no valor de produção da agropecuária quanto no PIB da agropecuária, entretanto a orientação técnica apresentou impacto negativo, contrariando as expectativas. Verificou-se também que a implantação dos polos de fruticultura, com exceção dos polos de manga e goiaba, impactaram positivamente o PIB da agropecuária.

Kroz diplomski rad objašnjen je temeljni princip rada te je prikazano trenutno stanje tehnologije EMI senzora. Za razumijevanje temeljnog principa rada senzora objašnjeni su osnovni fizikalni zakoni elektromagnetske indukcije, samoindukcije, međuinduktiviteta i vrtložnih struja. Prikazana je usporedba najpoznatijih dostupnih EMI senzora koji se koriste u preciznoj poljoprivredi. Kao praktično rješenje napravljen je EMI senzor koji mjeri vodljivost tla. Napravljeni senzor obavlja zadanu funkciju detekcije slane vode, ali ima probleme zbog izravnog vezanja odašiljačke i prijemne zavojnice. Osmišljen je sustav koji pokušava smanjiti utjecaj navedenih smetnji korištenjem mehaničke i programske kalibracije. Mehanička kompenzacija koristi DABP strukturu, dok programska računa potrebnu kompenzaciju za svaki otipkani uzorak Kao zaključak diplomskog rada navedeni su dobiveni rezultati, uočeni problemi te moguća poboljšanja senzora. The fundamental principle and the current state of the art of EMI sensors technology are explained and shown through this thesis. Basic physical laws of electromagnetic induction, self-induction, eddy current and mutual inductance are used to explain fundamental principle. The comparison of the most popular available EMI sensors used in precision agriculture is shown in overview. As a practical solution, EMI sensor for measuring soil conductivity has been designed. The designed sensor performs default function , but has major problems with direct mutual inductance link between transmitting and receiving coil. In order to reduce the impact of such disorder mechanical and software calibration has been used. Mechanical compensation use benefits of DABP structure, while software compensation calculate value of necessary compensation for each sample. As a conclusion of thesis are given the obtained results, observed problems and possible improvements of the EMI sensor.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T14:19:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daurimar Mendes da Silva.pdf: 4676770 bytes, checksum: 205397680d88c57f767ce2df43f7b077 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-26 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior In the future it will be essential to robotics in the agricultural environment, with great opportunity at this time to development new work and research, with the generation of patents, transforming knowledge into commercial products. The current technological advances allow the use of extremely minor processing architectures in relation to personal computers, giving us the ability to build new agricultural equipment using sensors (GPS, ultrasound, multispectral visible, infrared, images); changing paradigms and promoting the work at smaller scales can reach the leaf level through intelligent autonomous robots acting in the desired place, at the appropriate time, and navigating the appropriate path. Thus, the present study aimed to develop an autonomous agricultural robot (Field Robot) called NAVIGO, whose function is to traverse farmland collecting soil samples. To that end, we developed a mobile platform with a robotic arm using embedded computing system based on the Android mobile phone (Smartphone) and IOIO for Android controller. The system as a whole is intended to navigation in the role of information gatherer (soil amples). Results showed stable performance of the prototype allowing its use as a handy tool in performing the sampling of soils for agricultural areas for small and medium businesses. No futuro será indispensável a robótica no ambiente agrícola, sendo grande oportunidade neste momento o desenvolvimento de novos trabalhos e pesquisas, com a geração de patentes, transformando os conhecimentos em produtos comerciais. Os avanços tecnológicos atuais permitem utilizar arquiteturas de processamento extremamente menores em relação aos computadores pessoais, que nos dão condições de construir novos equipamentos agrícolas utilizando sensores (GPS, ultrassom, multiespectral visível, infrared, imagens); modificando paradigmas e promovendo o trabalho em escalas menores podendo chegar ao nível foliar, através de robôs inteligentes autônomos atuando no lugar desejado, no momento apropriado, e navegando no trajeto adequado. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo o desenvolvimento de um robô agrícola autônomo (Field Robot), denominado NAVIGO, que tem por função percorrer talhões agricultáveis coletando amostras de solos. Para tanto, foi desenvolvido uma plataforma móvel com um braço robótico utilizando sistema computacional embarcado baseado no telefone móvel Android (Smartphone) e controlador IOIO para Android. O sistema como um todo tem por finalidade a navegação desempenhando a função de coletor de informações (amostras de solos). Os resultados obtidos demonstraram atuação estável do protótipo permitindo o seu uso como ferramenta útil na execução de coletas de amostras de solos para áreas agrícolas de pequeno e médio porte.

This work presents an analytical formulation to assess the six-degrees-of-freedom motion-induced error on floating Doppler Wind lidars (FDWL). Error products are the horizontal wind speed bias and apparent turbulence intensity. Departing from a geometrical formulation of the FDWL attitude and of the lidar retrieval algorithm, the rotational and translational motion contributions to the FDWL-measured total error are computed. Central to this process is the interpretation of the velocity-azimuth-display retrieval algorithm in terms of a first-order Fourier series. The obtained 6-DoF formulation is numerically validated by means of a floating-lidar motion simulator and, experimentally, in the framework of the 25-day near off-shore measurement campaign carried out at Pont del Petroli, Barcelona, involving a fixed and a floating ZephIR TM 300 lidar. The proposed formulation proved itself able to estimate the motion-induced FDWL horizontal-wind-speed bias and returned similar percentiles to when comparing the FDWL to the fixed lidar. The estimations of the turbulence intensity increment statistically matched the FDWL measurements under all motional scenarios when clustering the data as a function of the buoy mean tilt and translational velocity. Este trabajo presenta una formulación analítica para evaluar el error inducido por el movimiento de seis grados de libertad en los lidares eólicos Doppler flotantes (FDWL). Los productos del error son el sesgo de la velocidad horizontal del viento y la intensidad de la turbulencia aparente. Partiendo de una formulación geométrica de la actitud del FDWL y del algoritmo de recuperación del lidar, se calculan las contribuciones del movimiento rotacional y traslacional al error total medido por el FDWL. Un aspecto central de este proceso es la interpretación del algoritmo de recuperación de velocidad-azimut-disparo en términos de una serie de Fourier de primer orden. La formulación 6-DoF obtenida se valida numéricamente mediante un simulador de movimiento de un lidar flotante y, experimentalmente, en el marco de la campaña de medición de 25 días cerca de la costa llevada a cabo en Pont del Petroli, Barcelona, con un lidar ZephIR TM 300 fijo y otro flotante. La formulación propuesta demostró ser capaz de estimar el sesgo de la velocidad del viento horizontal inducido por el movimiento del FDWL y devolvió percentiles similares al comparar el FDWL con el lidar fijo. Las estimaciones del incremento de la intensidad de la turbulencia coincidieron estadísticamente con las mediciones del FDWL en todos los escenarios de movimiento al agrupar los datos en función de la inclinación media de la boya y la velocidad de traslación. Aquest treball presenta una formulació analítica per avaluar l'error induït pel moviment de sis graus de llibertat als llidars eòlics Doppler flotants (FDWL). Els productes de l'error són el biaix de la velocitat horitzontal del vent i la intensitat de la turbulència aparent. Partint d'una formulació geomètrica de l'actitud del FDWL i de l'algorisme de recuperació del lidar, es calculen les contribucions del moviment rotacional i translacional a l'error total mesurat pel FDWL. Un aspecte central d'aquest procés és la interpretació de l'algorisme de recuperació de velocitat-azimut-tret en termes d'una sèrie de Fourier de primer ordre. La formulació 6-DoF obtinguda es valida numèricament mitjançant un simulador de moviment d'un lidar flotant i, experimentalment, en el marc de la campanya de mesurament de 25 dies a prop de la costa duta a terme a Pont del Petroli, Barcelona, ??amb un lidar ZephIR TM 300 fix i un altre flotant. La formulació proposada va demostrar ser capaç d'estimar el biaix de la velocitat del vent horitzontal induït pel moviment del FDWL i va tornar percentils similars en comparar el FDWL amb el lidar fix. Les estimacions de l'increment de la intensitat de la turbulència van coincidir estadísticament amb els mesuraments del FDWL a tots els escenaris de moviment en agrupar les dades en funció de la inclinació mitjana de la boia i la velocitat de translació.

El rápido crecimiento en la utilización de dispositivos IoT dentro de un mayor número de áreas a nivel global, está incrementando la cantidad de fabricantes sin experiencia que los diseña, lo que ha provocado que se conviertan en uno de los principales objetivos por parte de los ciberdelincuentes, los cuales ven en estas tecnologías, un fácil objetivo que capturar y poner a trabajar bajo sus intereses. El abanico de ataques que se realizan a través de dispositivos IoT comprometidos es cada vez más amplio y conforme avanzan los recursos hardware de estos y su número, el peligro crece exponencialmente. El objetivo principal del presente trabajo es analizar mediante la implementación de un honeypot, las metodologías utilizadas por los atacantes para comprometer los dispositivos relacionados con el Internet de las cosas. Para ello se estudia el estado del arte tanto de los tipos de ataques actuales que está sufriendo el mundo IoT, como de los diferentes tipos de honeypot que se encuentran disponibles de manera libre para su uso y mejora por parte de la comunidad. Partiendo del análisis de las plataformas hardware y software que dan actualmente soporte a estas tecnologías, podremos entender mejor como recrear el entorno adecuado para observar el mayor número de interacciones con información útil de metodologías y tipos de ataques efectuados por los ciberdelincuentes. Tras definir toda la base sobre la que se sustenta el proyecto de manera teórica, se procede a la adaptación de un honeypot para atraer ataques dirigidos a IoT y capturar la máxima información relevante posible. Finalmente se estudia esta información para observar los principales métodos de ataque y las fases en las que los ciberdelincuentes estructuran estos para lograr una mayor tasa de éxito sin ser descubiertos. El ràpid creixement en la utilització de dispositius IoT dins d'un major nombre d'àrees a nivell global, està incrementant la quantitat de fabricants sense experiència que els dissenya, la qual cosa ha provocat que es converteixin en un dels principals objectius per part dels ciberdelinqüents, els quals veuen en aquestes tecnologies, un fàcil objectiu que capturar i posar a treballar sota els seus interessos. El ventall d'atacs que es realitzen a través de dispositius IoT compromesos és cada vegada més ampli i conforme avancen els recursos maquinari d'aquests i el seu número, el perill creix exponencialment. L'objectiu principal del present treball és analitzar mitjançant la implementació d'un honeypot, les metodologies utilitzades pels atacants per a comprometre els dispositius relacionats amb la Internet de les coses. Per a això s'estudia l'estat de l'art tant dels tipus d'atacs actuals que està sofrint el món IoT, com dels diferents tipus de honeypot que es troben disponibles de manera lliure per al seu ús i millora per part de la comunitat. Partint de l'anàlisi de les plataformes maquinari i programari que donen actualment suport a aquestes tecnologies, podrem entendre millor com recrear l'entorn adequat per a observar el major nombre d'interaccions amb informació útil de metodologies i tipus d'atacs efectuats pels ciberdelinqüents. Després de definir tota la base sobre la qual se sustenta el projecte de manera teòrica, es procedeix a l'adaptació d'un honeypot per a atreure atacs dirigits a IoT i capturar la màxima informació rellevant possible. Finalment s'estudia aquesta informació per a observar els principals mètodes d'atac i les fases en les quals els ciberdelinqüents estructuren aquests per a aconseguir una major taxa d'èxit sense ser descoberts. The rapid growth in the use of IoT devices in a greater number of areas globally, is increasing the number of inexperienced manufacturers that design them, which has caused them to become one of the main objectives for cybercriminals , who see in these technologies, an easy goal to capture and use to work under their interests. The range of attacks that are carried out through compromised IoT devices is being increasised, and as the hardware resources of these ones and their quantity advance, the danger grows exponentially. The main objective of this work is to analyze, through the implementation of a honeypot, the methodologies used by attackers to compromise devices related to the Internet of things. To do this, the state of the art is studied both, the types of current attacks that the IoT world is suffering, and the different types of honeypot that are freely available for use and improve by the community of developers . Starting from the analysis of the hardware and software platforms that currently support these technologies, we can better understand how to recreate the appropriate environment to observe the big number of interactions with useful information of methodologies and types of attacks carried out by cybercriminals. After defining the entire basis on which the project is theoretically based, we proceed to adapt a honeypot to attract attacks focused into the IoT world and capture the maximum possible relevant information. Finally this information is studied to observe the main methodologies of attack and the phases used by the cybercriminals to achieve their goals with a higher success rate and without being discovered.

[EN] The municipality of Gestalgar is an area where nature and countryside abound, where most of the population is dedicated to agricultural or livestock sectors. For this reason, a decision is made to act and improve the economy of this sector through the opportunity offered by a school focused on the treatment and development of agricultural space. The work first makes an analysis of the urban environment, comparing the territory at different scales: from the city of Valencia to the location next to the river Turia in the municipality of Gestalgar. Within the scale of the municipality, the need for urban action is observed on the southern edge of the city. This action will provide a new green facade as a pedestrian corridor and tourist attraction and will improve the quality of the road infrastructure. Consequently, the location of the Agrarian Training Center project is established at the end of Av. Diputación: a key point on the border with the orchard that will improve its annexation to it and a space endowed with great visibility to the patrimonial axis that encompasses the mill, the palace of the lordship, the church and the castle. The objective of the project is to improve the spaces and attractions of the city by providing it with a school capable of attracting young people involved in agriculture, all taking advantage of the potential of the area. [ES] El municipio de Gestalgar es un área donde abunda la naturaleza y el campo, donde la mayor parte de la población se dedica a sectores agrícolas o ganaderos. Por este motivo se decide actuar y mejorar la economía de este sector a través de la oportunidad que ofrece una escuela enfocada al tratamiento y desarrollo del espacio agrario. El trabajo hace en primer lugar un análisis del ámbito urbano, comparando el territorio a diferentes escalas: desde la ciudad de Valencia hasta el emplazamiento junto al rio Turia del municipio de Gestalgar. Dentro de la escala del municipio se observa la necesidad de una actuación urbana en el borde sur de la ciudad. Esta actuación otorgará una nueva fachada verde a modo de corredor peatonal y atractivo turístico y mejorará la calidad de la infraestructura vial. Por consiguiente, se establece el emplazamiento del proyecto del Centro de Capacitación Agraria en el final de la Av. Diputación: un punto clave en el borde con la huerta que mejorará su anexión a esta y un espacio dotado de gran visibilidad al eje patrimonial que abarca el molino, el palacio de la señoría, la iglesia y el castillo. El objetivo del proyecto es mejorar los espacios y los atractivos de la ciudad dotándola de una escuela capaz de atraer a gente joven involucrada con la agricultura, todo ello aprovechando el potencial de la zona.

The source(s) and fate of nitrogen in soils and in shallow groundwater beneath agricultural plots with different fertilizer amendments were determined using isotopic techniques for an experimental field located near Lethbridge, Alberta. Isotopic compositions of nitrogen and of oxygen were determined for soil total nitrogen, soil nitrate, and groundwater nitrate. Treatment differences and temporal trends in groundwater nitrate concentrations indicated that synthetic fertilizer and fixed nitrogen had an impact on groundwater nitrate. Isotopic analyses identified mineralization of soil organic matter as the main source of soil and groundwater nitrogen, whereas fertilizer, fixed nitrogen, and manure did not appear to have had a large direct contribution. This may have been due to alteration of the original isotopic source signals of fertilizer, fixed nitrogen, and manure by nitrogen transformation processes (nitrification and denitrification) during nitrogen cycling in the soil and groundwater. Denitrification occurred in the groundwater within the three-year study period.

Avaluació i anàlisi de la transformació digital de les empreses càrnies de la Garrotxa, a partir d'entrevistes a responsables de les empreses, i altres agents econòmics i empresarials relacionats. Evaluación y análisis de la transformación digital de las empresas cárnicas de la Garrotxa, a partir de entrevistas a responsables de las empresas, y otros agentes económicos y empresariales relacionados. Evaluation and analysis of the digital transformation of the meat companies of La Garrotxa, based on interviews with heads of companies, and other economic and business related agents.