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International audience; The National Library Ivan Vazov in Plovdiv is the second largest library in Bulgaria. It serves asthe second national legal depository of Bulgarian printed works. In addition, it has contributedsignificantly to the preservation and the digital accessibility of the national cultural andhistorical heritage. This article offers an overview of the library’s history and currentdevelopments in the field of automation and digitization.

AbstractTropical peatlands are currently being rapidly cleared and drained for the establishment of oil palm plantations, which threatens their globally significant carbon sequestration capacity. Large-scale land conversion of tropical peatlands is important in the context of greenhouse gas emission factors and sustainable land management. At present, quantification of carbon dioxide losses from tropical peatlands is limited by our understanding of the relative contribution of heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration to net peat surface CO2 emissions. In this study we separated heterotrophic and autotrophic components of peat CO2 losses from two oil palm plantations (one established in ‘2000’ and the other in 1978, then replanted in ‘2006’) using chamber-based emissions sampling along a transect from the rooting to non-rooting zones on a peatland in Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia over the course of 3 months (June–August, 2014). Collar CO2 measurements were compared with soil temperature and moisture at site and also accompanied by depth profiles assessing peat C and bulk density. The soil respiration decreased exponentially with distance from the palm trunks with the sharpest decline found for the plantation with the younger palms with overall fluxes of 1341 and 988 mg CO2 m−2 h−1, respectively, at the 2000 and 2006 plantations, respectively. The mean heterotrophic flux was 909 ± SE 136 and 716 ± SE 201 mg m−2 h−1 at the 2000 and 2006 plantations, respectively. Autotrophic emissions adjacent to the palm trunks were 845 ± SE 135 and 1558 ± SE 341 mg m−2 h−1 at the 2000 and 2006 plantations, respectively. Heterotrophic CO2 flux was positively related to peat soil moisture, but not temperature. Total peat C stocks were 60 kg m−2 (down to 1 m depth) and did not vary among plantations of different ages but SOC concentrations declined significantly with depth at both plantations but the decline was sharper in the second generation 2006 plantation. The CO2 flux values reported in this study suggest a potential for very high carbon (C) loss from drained tropical peats during the dry season. This is particularly concerning given that more intense dry periods related to climate change are predicted for SE Asia. Taken together, this study highlights the need for careful management of tropical peatlands, and the vulnerability of their carbon storage capability under conditions of drainage.

In the Republic of Serbia the idea that the digitization of cultural heritage could be used to popularize and utilize modern technologies in education was first realized in 2012. One of the results of this project was a user study. In this paper we indicate some of project’s fragments and present some of the results of the conducted research.

The rapid development of new digital tools and infrastructures in recent years and their application to a variety of disciplines has transformed how we store, access and retrieve information available to us. This has also shaped the ways how knowledge in a diverse cultural context is presented, used and re-used. The exploreAT! project builds upon not only Austrian, but also European cultural identity from the aspect of language, in particular dialects. Unlike standard languages, dialects are in times of globalization under considerable threat of diminishing, and this ultimately poses a risk to the intangible record that is language and through which a history of tangible culture is expressed. In this paper we elaborate on the possibilities digital means and the infrastructure and services of the EGI-Engage project offer in revealing and giving access to unique traditional cultural knowledge contained in a non-standard language resource on the example of the Bavarian dialects in Austria (DBO). Digital tools and services allow our heterogeneous corpus of data to be virtually exploited and preserved. The flexibility of the internet allow these data to become not only visible, but searchable and extractable. Through the digitization efforts, and use of European infrastructures the hidden cultural narratives within the data can be uncovered, enriched and shared for the benefit of knowledge society.

ABSTRACT Custodial death is the most ominous indicator in our country's capture, detention, and remand. It has now become all the rage across the country. Deaths in police custody usually generate a great deal of public attention and are frequently coupled with causality disputes. Accused individuals frequently come into encounter with the criminal justice system, with those suffering from mental illnesses over-represented in police custody. As a result, identifying vulnerability is critical in order to guarantee that proper precautions may be put in place. This research is helping to show that to prevent such a curse from afflicting society, the country has some existing legislation, directions, guidelines, and precedents that are constantly derived from court decisions of other nations. The judicial system in Bangladesh is no exception. In context of this, the research examined, with the goal of emphasizing on judicial reforms, applicable legislation and their implementation, national legislative framework, and court precedents on the banning of inhumane custodial torture, including arrest, custody, and remand by police. Finding of the research particularly concentrate upon irregularities of provision to safeguarding accused right in the jail. The lack of sanitation, healthcare, standard food quality also found as errors of concern authorities. Beside these normal and natural death also counted as death in custody but not due to torture by police. The political believes and support nurture by police is also one of the key reasons to increasing torture and deaths. To solve these problems state should amend existing provision which is contradictory related to custodial torture, Increase the circumference of Human Rights Commission and give them power to investigate these properly and follow the guidelines given by courts. This research demonstrated a real-life scenario of custodial torture and critically analyzed national mechanisms that directly contradict custodial deaths and brutal punishment. {"references": ["'Police Custody Deaths In Bangladesh: An Analysis Of Legal Liability' (2022) IV Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research", "Police Custody Deaths In Bangladesh: An Analysis Of Legal Liability. (2022), IV(III), 1266-1287", "Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research, 2022. Police Custody Deaths In Bangladesh: An Analysis Of Legal Liability. IV(III), pp.1266-1287", "\"Police Custody Deaths In Bangladesh: An Analysis Of Legal Liability.\". IV, no. III, 2022, pp. 1266-1287", "\"Police Custody Deaths In Bangladesh: An Analysis Of Legal Liability\" (2022) IV(III)", "\"Police Custody Deaths In Bangladesh: An Analysis Of Legal Liability\". Indian Journal Of Law And Legal Research no. (2022): 1266-1287. doi:https://doi-ds.org/doilink/06.2022-37714716/IJLLR/V4/I3/A90.", "\"Police Custody Deaths In Bangladesh: An Analysis Of Legal Liability\", (2022) IV Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research 1266-1287."]}

WOS:000545984600012 PubMed: 32584721 Objectives: This study aims to biomechanically and histopathologically investigate the effects of methylene blue (MB) on preventing postoperative adhesion in chickens undergoing full - thickness flexor tendon incision. Materials and methods: This study was performed between June 2017 and June 2018 on Hubbard JA 57 type chickens (age, 6 months; weight, 2.2?0.3 kg). Sixty-four tendons were studied in 32 chickens, including 16 in the control group and 16 in the experimental group. The second and third finger flexor digitorum profundus tendons of the left foot of each chicken were repaired primarily after a full -thickness incision approximately 1 cm proximal to the distal adhesion area. In the control (n=32) and experimental groups (n=32), 0.25 mL of normal saline and 0.25 mL of 1% MB solutions were applied locally to the surgical site, respectively. The operated limb was immobilized using a circular cast. 16 chickens were randomly selected in each group and examined at the fourth week, and the remaining 16 chickens were examined at the sixth week. Thirty-two of these tendons were evaluated using the Tang histopathological adhesion classification system, and the other 32 were evaluated with a biomechanical pull system. Results: Adhesion was found to be less in the experimental group compared to the control group at the end of the fourth and sixth weeks both histopathologically and biomechanically. Furthermore, adhesion was significantly less in the experimental group at the end of the sixth week compared to the fourth week both histopathologically and biomechanically. Conclusion: Histopathological and biomechanical results show that MB, which has anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antimicrobial and antioxidant effects, reduces adhesion during the healing process after tendon repair. We think that local MB application, particularly in surgeries performed after this type of injury, will be beneficial on early rehabilitation and functional results.