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Drugs are often associated with intoxicants. In the context of fiqih drugs usually dikiaskan to prohibition of wine. However, in line with the development of contemporary medical science, the works of the new fiqh also mention and emphasize that the effects of damage also have its own influence in relation to drug law. This study aims to explore and analyze the trends of contemporary jurisprudence works in explaining their backs in relating the status of Sharia law values to drug abuse. This study uses qualitative methods. The data obtained from these works were analyzed and made comparisons. A number of 10 contemporary works that discuss drug law and the reasons for its prohibition have been used in this study. The study concluded that the works agreed that drug abuse is haram according to the Shari'a. All activities related to drug abuse such as planting, processing, owning, buying or selling permits used to cooperate with its misuse are haram. Likewise, in terms of its proofing proposition, all works tend to see it is based on the kias to the wine based on the argument that drugs are potentially intoxicating. The works only mention the destructive aspect without emphasizing it as an important basis for the prohibition of drug abuse. This is certainly not in accordance with the reality of the threat of drugs that not only grab the function of the intellect alone, even damaging the five-five main objectives of Islamic law, namely religion, life, intellect, descent and wealth. Hence the affirmation of the restrictive section needs to be emphasized in an effort to ensure fair drug abuse is prevented and handled more seriously in order to ensure the well-being of the ummah is maintained.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mutu protein dendeng ikan hiu (Chiloscyllium sp.) yang dikeringkan dengan menggunakan tiga jenis metode pengeringan yang berbeda, yaitu pengeringan dengan sinar matahari, oven udara panas (60°C) dan oven vakum (60°C). Sebelum dikeringkan, irisan daging ikan (ukuran 4 cm x 12 cm x 3 mm) direndam dalam larutan bumbu dan dikeringkan sehingga kandungan airnya berkisar antara 23-25%. Analisis dilakukan terhadap kandungan asam amino bahan baku dan dendeng hiu, dan nilai asam amino digunakan untuk menghitung skor kimia, skor asam amino, dan indeks asam amino. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada daging ikan hiu segar, skor kimia, skor asam amino, dan indeks asam amino esensial lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan dendeng ikan hiu dengan berbagai cara pengeringan. Secara umum, pengeringan menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan mutu protein dendeng ikan hiu. Skor kimia, skor asam amino, dan indeks asam amino esensial daging ikan hiu segar berturut-turut adalah 65,93; 100,49; dan 89,13; pengeringan oven 56,48; 82,59; dan 75,86; pengeringan sinar matahari 51,15; 61,55; dan 79,43; dan pengeringan oven vakum 51,86; 62,41; dan 72,44. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dendeng ikan hiu dengan pengeringan oven udara panas memiliki nilai skor kimia dan skor asam amino lebih tinggi, sedangkan dendeng dengan pengeringan sinar matahari memiliki indeks asam amino esensial lebih tinggi dari sampel lain

Penentuan koordinat kanonik merupakan hal yang diperlukan dalam penentuan solusi persamaan diferensial dengan menggunakan metode simetri Lie. Pada tulisan ini dibahas penentuan koordinat kanonik dari persamaan diferensial Painleve Ince dan mereduksinya menjadi persamaan diferensial orde satu. Berdasarkan hasil pembahasan metode simetri Lie dapat digunakan untuk menentukan solusi eksak persamaan diferensial Painleve Ince.

Takaful operators are expected by the policyholders to act beyond the role of traditional insurance companies that only offer Shariah-compliant protection services. They are expected to be commercially viable. One of the ways to be commercially viable is takaful operators must be able to invest the policyholders' funds in the profitable investment avenues. Nevertheless, the critical issue before investing the funds is to develop products that are suitable with the takaful operators' investment strategy. This study employed a questionnaire survey to gather the feedback of fund managers from 11 takaful operators in Malaysia — all were the senior staffs of takaful operators in Malaysia were surveyed. The questionnaire is developed in the form of a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5 as the research instrument. By Delphi technique, the draft of the questionnaire was sent to a panel of experts for review, was adopted, and their feedback reflected in the final questionnaire. The experts were a shariah advisor, a corporate finance manager, and a senior executive at the central bank. Findings indicate that policyholders' expectations on their investments are met and the products so far compatible with takaful operators' investment strategies.

Abstract : Islamic thought has been developing whenever so there are various streams within the legal methodology especially within the fiqh approach which emerged from the Sahabat era such as fiqh 'Abdullah Ibn Mas'ud, fiqh Umar, fiqh Ibn Umar, etc and therefore the differences between the Companions has given rise to different tendencies of thought between each other both those belonging to the ahl athar or ahl ra'i groups. The obvious difference is that the tendency of thinking based on maqasidi is colored by ijtihad Umar while the tendency of thinking supported syakli (formalism) is more clearly seen within the fiqh of Abdullah Ibn Umar and these streams are created within supported the legal references employed by every group in order to do Istinbath al - hukm . So, a Fuqaha who always looks at the objectives of Islamic Sharia in conducting legal terminology is spoken as Maqasidi while jurists who always look to the form or format in legal rest are spoken as Syakli . Therefore, during this study, the author is inspired to check and analyze the thoughts of the jurists towards legal methodology supported the flow of maqasidi and also syakli . Abstrak: Pemikiran Islam terus berkembang pada setiap masanya, sehingga telah muncul berbagai macam aliran dalam bidang metodologi hukum, utamanya dalam pendekatan fiqh. Perbedaan tersebut muncul sejak masa Sahabat r.a, seperti ‘Abdullah Ibn Mas’ud, fiqh Umar, fiqh Ibn Umar dan sebagainya. Perbedaan di kalangan para Sahabat ini telah melahirkan kecenderungan pemikiran yang berbeda di antara mereka baik mereka yang tergolong dalam kelompok ahl athar atau ahl ra’i. Perbedan yang jelas terjadi adalah kecenderungan pemikiran berasaskan terhadap maqasidi yang diwarnai oleh ijtihad Umar sedangkan kecenderungan pemikiran berasaskan terhadap syakli (formalisme) lebih jelas terlihat pada fiqh Abdullah Ibn Umar dan aliran-aliran ini merupakan aliran yang dibentuk berdasarkan kepada mashâdir hukum yang digunakan oleh setiap kelompok dalam melakukan istinbath hukum. Seorang fuqaha yang senan­tiasa melihat secara objektif Syariat Islam dalam melakukan istinbath hukum disebut sebagai Maqâsidi . Sedangkan fuqaha yang senantiasa melihat kepada rupa bentuk atau format dalam beristinbat hukum disebut sebagai Syakli . Oleh karena itu, dalam artikel ini ini penulis terdorong untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis pemikiran para fuqaha terhadap metodologi hukum berasaskan aliran maqasidi dan juga syakli .

Introduction: Currently, Culinary becomes a promising business, so does Lamongan Kaliotik Resto, one of the famous restaurant in Lamongan. The high number of customer visits risks the workforce from work fatigue. The demand for production in order to fulfill the consumer needs leads to an excessive workload which is handed to the workers in the Kaliotik Lamongan restaurant. Moreover, high mobility in the food production process potentially creates non-ergonomic work attitudes. Therefore, all of those factors can lead the workers experiencing work fatigue. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between workload and work attitude with work fatigue at Kaliotik Lamongan Resto workers. Methods: This study was observational descriptive which was done by using cross-sectional. The population in this study was all workers at the Kaliotik Lamongan Resto, which consisted of 13 people who worked in the kitchen and cashier kitchen section. The sampling technique used was the total population technique. Data collection includes physical workload measurements, assessment of work attitude with The Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method and work fatigue measurements using a reaction timer. The study was analyzed using the Spearman correlation test. Results: Showed that the workload with work fatigue had a relationship with the strength of the moderate relationship (r = 0.415) and work attitudes with work fatigue showed a low strong relationship (r = 0.389). Conclusion: Excessive workload is the main factor which causes work fatigue in workers, in contrary, work attitude is not a factor of work fatigue.Keywords: physical workload, work attitude, work fatigue

Protective and risk factors are important in reducing vulnerability towards drug abuse among adolescents. This study, therefore, aims to explore gender differences in such vulnerability in high-risk areas identified by the National Anti-Drugs Agency Malaysia. The study employs a survey design, with questionnaires distributed to 213 adolescents who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The researchers developed the questionnaire and comprised five parts: the demographic profile, interpersonal conflict, negative emotions, social support, and mental health. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show no significant gender differences in interpersonal conflict, negative emotions, and mental health. However, there was a significant difference in social support based on gender, with females showing a higher mean than males. These findings imply the importance of identifying the relevant factors to prevent early involvement in drug abuse.

This study explores how female director(s) affect the decision to pay dividend in the sub-Saharan Africa. The study specifically employs non-financial firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange Market from 2009-2015 and logit regression as the technique for data analysis. The independent variable of interest in the study is female director. Consistent with the hypothesis, the study found strong association that firms with at least one female director on board are more likely to affect the payment of dividends. The findings subsist after the commencement of the 2011 CCG and when firms with negative earnings were excluded from the main sample. Furthermore, the results do not change when the model was re-estimated using an alternative measure of female director as well as using OLS regression.

Lack of career exploration leads to career indecisiveness among Indonesian high school students. According to some studies, successful career exploration is determined by students’ initiative. However, no consistent answer about factors that make the students self-directedly engage in career exploration. This study is aimed to explore student’s self-directedness during the career exploration, including the factors that encourage student’s career exploratory behavior. This single case study used semi-structured interview and document analysis to investigate the experience of one Indonesian high school student. Two themes emerged from the data: involvement factor in career exploration, which determined by internal and external influence, and qualities of self-directedness, which is reflected by the employment of strategies and self-awareness. Recommendation for parents and educators to provide exposure to various activities, explicit teaching of self-directed learning and related skills is also essential to build students’ initiative in career exploration. KEYWORDS:1Career Exploration, High School Student, Self-Directed Learning.

Predicting business longevity using financial performance is one of the interesting topics in accounting and financial management studies. Incorrect prediction of a distressed firm may cause losses to investors, management, creditors and bankers, and inaccurate prediction of a non-distressed company may result in the loss of opportunities. This paper aims to review previous studies using financial performance as the predictor of business longevity in a number of countries. The sources of data include published articles in top international journals. The results indicate that the most dominant approach was bankruptcy prediction models using single and multiple financial ratios. The current paper also identified three main problems in using financial performance as the predictor of business longevity: inconsistent definitions of 'business failure', inconsistent predictive power of financial ratios, and an emphasis on financial symptoms rather than on the more fundamental causes of failure. Managerial implications and research agenda were formulated at the end of this paper