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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Yinan Zhou; Pierre Kaser;

    Presentation Dernier rejeton d'une longue lignee d'homme de lettres, le jeune Zhang Dai 張岱 (1597-1681) connut l'opulence d'un riche lettre oisif, s'adonnant tout a loisir a sa passion pour la litterature et a son gout tres marque pour le theâtre avant de tout perdre au moment de la chute des Ming 明 (1644). Reste fidele a la defunte dynastie, il brava les interdits en en redigeant l'histoire. Depouille et traque, il eprouva la misere et la clandestinite, ce qui explique que la plupart de ses e...

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Impressions d’Extrême-Orient
    Article . 2017
    License: cc-by-nc-nd
    HAL AMU
    Article . 2017
    Data sources: HAL AMU
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Impressions d’Extrême-Orient
      Article . 2017
      License: cc-by-nc-nd
      HAL AMU
      Article . 2017
      Data sources: HAL AMU
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Williams-Wanquet, Eileen;

    Communication à la Journée de recherche du CRLHOI "Texte et politique" en avril 2013 à l'Université de La Réunion; National audience; Indigo (1993) de Marina Warner, qui reprend, à la fois, l'Histoire coloniale anglaise et La Tempête de Shakespeare, illustre bien une des tendances de la littérature britannique des années 1980 et 1990, qui commente le monde à travers la révision de l'idéologie transmise par des « hypotextes » précis. Cet article vise à montrer la manière dont, pour reprendre les termes de Jacques Rancière, « la littérature fait de la politique en tant que littérature ». Ce que Rancière nomme le caractère propre-impropre de la littérature est ce qui lui permet d'avoir une portée politique, en « reconfigurant la carte du sensible ». J'utiliserai les trois temps décrits par Rancière pour éclairer la démarche de Warner : la « police », ou l'ordre établi, dans lequel Warner ancre son histoire de manière réaliste ; « la poli-tique », ou la remise en cause de cet ordre, par l'utilisation de procédés tels que l'ironie, l'inversion de point de vue, ou l'hypertextualité ; « le politique », ou l'appel éthique à un nouvel ordre utopique, par le recours à l'intertextualité, au réalisme magique ou à la symbolique. La réécriture de l'idéologie transmise par l'hypotexte équivaut à une révision de l'hypotexte diffus de la Modernité.

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    Other literature type . 2014
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    Authors: Wyvekens, Anne;
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    Other literature type . 2017
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      Other literature type . 2017
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    Authors: Gerville-Réache, Léo;

    Pierre joue avec Paul à croix ou pile, avec cette condition que si Paul amène pile au premier coup, il donnera un écu à Pierre; s'il n'amène pile qu'au deuxième coup, deux écus; s'il n'amène pile qu'au troisième coup, quatre écus; au quatrième, huit écus; au cinquième, seize; et ainsi de suite jusqu'à ce que pile vienne; on demande l'espérance de Paul, ou ce qui est la même chose, ce qu'il doit demander à Pierre avant que le jeu commence, pour jouer avec lui à jeu égal, ou, comme on l'exprime d'ordinaire, pour son enjeu.

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Rangel, Jhonnatan;

    L’ayapaneco, zoque ayapaneco ou numte ʔoote (ethnonyme) est une langue en danger appartenant à la famille mixe-zoque et parlée exclusivement dans l’état de Tabasco, au Mexique, par environ 11 personnes âgées entre 69 et 95 ans. L’ayapaneco est l’une des langues de cette famille la moins étudiée et la moins documentée. Depuis les années 1950, elle ne se transmet plus aux nouvelles générations et son utilisation est actuellement très limitée dans le quotidien des locuteurs. Cette thèse documente, décrit et analyse tant la situation sociolinguistique de l’ayapaneco que sa réalité linguistique, en particulier l’existence de variations linguistiques. Bien que la variation soit un phénomène inhérent à toutes les langues du monde, les langues en danger présentent des défis théoriques et méthodologiques pour l’analyse des variations. Après avoir expliqué les variations linguistiques et les mécanismes qui les caractérisent en ayapaneco, cette thèse propose d’apporter des éléments nouveaux qui n’étaient pas pris en considération auparavant pour l’étude de la variation linguistique d’une langue vivant une situation de danger critique comme l’ayapaneco. Ceci contribue à questionner les analyses traditionnelles et à impulser, à partir d’une analyse multifactorielle, des explications originales pour faire avancer nos connaissances sur la nature des variations et du changement linguistique dans les langues en danger. Ayapaneco, Zoque Ayapaneco or numte ʔoote (ethnonyme) is a critically endangered language spoken by approximately 11 people between the ages of 69- and 95-years-old in the state of Tabasco, Mexico. Ayapaneco is the least studied and least documented language in the Mixe-Zoque family. The intergenerational transmission of the language was interrupted in the 1950s. Today, it has a very limited role in the daily language practices of its remaining speakers.This thesis documents, describes and analyzes the sociolinguistic situation of Ayapaneco as well as its linguistic characteristics, focusing on language variation. Although variation is a phenomenon inherent to all world languages, studying variation within the context of critically endangered languages presents specific theoretical and methodological challenges.After presenting the characteristics of language variation in Ayapaneco, this thesis offers new perspectives on the study of these variations in critically endangered languages. A multifactorial analysis is used to question traditional approaches and propose new insights, contributing to the fields of language variation and language change in the context of critically endangered languages.

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    Other literature type . 2019
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    Doctoral thesis . 2019
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    Authors: Babay, Meissa;

    Le travail proposé dans ce manuscrit de thèse concerne le développement, la conception et l’implémentation d’une architecture originale et innovante d’un biocapteur RF actif dédié à la spectroscopie diélectrique hyperfréquence. Le capteur développé est basé sur une détection capacitive. Il permet de détecter, d’analyser et de discriminer des échantillons biologiques mis sous test telles que des cellules cancéreuses, en suspension dans un canal microfluidique, en fonction de leurs propriétés diélectriques. Il est capable de mesurer les différences existantes entre elles avec une très haute sensibilité. Le système de détection développé est basé sur deux oscillateurs LC verrouillés par injection, fonctionnant à une fréquence proche de 5 GHz et intégré sur un substrat silicium en technologie BiCMOS SiGe:C 0,25 μm de IHP. Le fonctionnement du circuit a été validé en premier lieu avec des simulations électriques et post-layout. Le système de détection proposé est capable d’atteindre, en travaillant en mode faible injection, les performances requises en ce qui concerne la sensibilité de détection (de l’ordre de 2 ppm), ce qui permet de pouvoir à termes détecter et caractériser avec précision les propriétés diélectriques de cellules biologiques. Un banc de mesure dédié a été développé une fois le prototype fabriqué afin de caractériser le circuit. Les expérimentations ont démontré que le dispositif présente des résultats de mesures prometteurs qui concordent avec les simulations. Cela démontre le fort potentiel de l'approche proposée permettant à termes de pouvoir détecter et mesurer des différences entre les éléments biologiques d’une manière non invasive. The proposed work presented in this thesis concerns the design and the implementation of an original and innovative architecture of an active RF biosensor dedicated to microwave dielectric spectroscopy. The developed sensor is based on capacitive detection. It is able to detect, analyze and discriminate biological samples, such as cancer cells, suspended in a microfluidic channel, according to their dielectric properties. It is capable of measuring the existing differences between them with a very high sensitivity. A detection system, based on two LC injection locked oscillators (ILOs) operating at a frequency close to 5 GHz and integrated on a silicon substrate using a BiCMOS SiGe: C 0.25 μm technology, was designed. The concept was at the first validated with electrical and post-layout simulations. The detection system is capable of achieving, in low injection mode, the required performance regarding the detection sensitivity (in the order of 2 ppm), which makes it possible to detect and characterize with precision the dielectric properties of biological cells. A dedicated measurement bench have been developed once the prototype manufactured in order to characterize the circuit. Experiments have demonstrated that the proposed circuit presents promising measurement results with a good agreement with simulations. This demonstrates the high potential of the proposed approach, which make it possible to detect and measure differences between biological elements in a non-invasive way.

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    Other literature type . 2020
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      Other literature type . 2020
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    Authors: Olivier Compagnon; Pierre Purseigle;

    The global history of the First World War is still in its early stages. This article proposes to contribute to its development by “de-Europeanizing” the historiography of the conflict and suggesting some of the ways scholars can move beyond “centers” and “peripheries” to combine different spatial scales of analysis. First, it demonstrates the need to look beyond the European theaters of the war and investigate spaces hitherto deemed to be marginal: despite their distance from the epicenter of the combat, these regions were traversed by tensions directly linked to the conflict and witnessed major transformations between 1914 and 1918. Second, it invites researchers to focus on elements such as the environment, natural resources, or diasporas, which make it possible to break out of a national framework of analysis and to do justice to the global impact of the Great War. This twofold approach underlines the value of a new geography of mobilization and belligerence, one that matches the diversity of experiences and reflects the truly global dimension of the First World War.

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    Other literature type . 2016
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    Authors: Bourbousson, Céline;

    Notre recherche propose d’appréhender la « mise en dispositif », au sens de Foucault (1977), de projets de polarisation territoriale dans le champ de l’économie sociale et solidaire (ESS). Nous nous appuyons sur une analyse multi-niveaux qui se décline sous la forme : (1) d’une enquête qualitative sur l’élaboration du dispositif Pôle Territorial de Coopération Economique (PTCE) par les acteurs nationaux, (2) de deux études de cas auprès de deux de ces pôles en région Paca. Plus précisément, nous mobilisons la grille d’analyse du travail institutionnel pour cerner les pratiques mises en oeuvre par les deux PTCE pour s’approprier le dispositif dans un contexte de pluralisme institutionnel. Deux niveaux de résultats sont proposés. Le premier revient à éclairer le phénomène de banalisation du dispositif PTCE à l’échelle nationale, qui est d’abord caractérisé par une logique civique de développement territorial alternatif qui se voit ensuite remplacée par une logique gestionnaire de normalisation de l’ESS. Le second niveau de résultats consiste à caractériser les modalités d’appropriation de ce dispositif à l’échelle méso des deux cas analysés. Il en ressort que le PTCE qui parvient à survivre et à se développer est celui qui hybride les logiques civique et gestionnaire. Le second PTCE, très façonné par la logique civique, ne parvient pas à pérenniser son activité et suscite un rejet du dispositif, dont il ne partage aucunement l’intention stratégique. Conjuguer une posture critique à une analyse néo-institutionnaliste nous permet de dégager plusieurs apports théoriques. (1) Nous dessinons les contours conceptuels d’un nouveau type de dispositif que nous qualifions de normalisateur. (2) L’analyse du travail institutionnel dans un contexte de pluralisme institutionnel met en évidence un nouveau type de pratiques : celles qui ont trait à la résistance institutionnelle. Our research focuses on the adoption of a dispositive (Foucault, 1977) destinated to territorial polarization projects in the field of social and solidarity economy. We build on a multi-scalar approach which consists in : (1) a qualitative survey of the construction of the Pôle Territorial de Coopération Economique (“Territorial Cluster for Economic Cooperation”) policy by national actors, (2) two case studies of two of these clusters, selected in region Paca. More specifically, we build on the institutional work theory to characterize the practices deployed by the two TCECs in order to appropriate the dispositive in a context of institutional pluralism. Two levels of results are proposed. The first one sheds light on the banalisation process of the TCEC dispositive at the national level, which is first dominated by a civic logic of alternative territorial development that is then effaced by a a managerial logic of normalization of SSE. The second level of results consists in characterizing the modalities of appropriation of this dispositive at the meso scale of the two clusters analysed. It appears that the TCEC which manages to survive and develop is the one that hybridizes the civic and managerial logics. The other one, particularly shaped by the civic logic, doesn’t manage to perpetuate its activities and implies a reject of the dispositive, since it doesn’t share its strategic intention. Combining a critical approach and a neo-institutionalist analysis leads to several theoretical contributions. (1) We draw the outlines of a new type of dispositive that we conceptualize as a normalizing dispostive. (2) The analysis of institutional work in a context of institutional pluralism highlights a new type of practices : the ones which deal with institutional resistance.

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    Doctoral thesis . 2018
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    Authors: Fontaine-Benaoum, Élodie;

    L’objectif de cette recherche est d’étudier, à partir d’une approche écosystémique (Bronfenbrenner, 1996), l’influence de la fréquentation d’une structure collective de la petite enfance sur le développement socio-affectif des enfants en situation de handicap, sur la qualité de vie de leur famille, et sur les représentations des professionnels.Pour cela, notre échantillon se compose de 48 enfants en situation de handicap (23 filles et 25 garçons), âgés de 11 mois à 4.7 ans et accueillis en structure collective de la petite enfance, de 56 parents (47 mères et 9 pères) et de 79 professionnels. Le développement socio-affectif des enfants a été appréhendé à l’aide d’une observation (Evaluation de la Communication Sociale Précoce, Tourette & Guidetti, 1993) et d’un entretien semi-directif (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, Sparrow, Balla, & Cicchetti, 1984). Les parents ont renseignés deux questionnaires relatifs à leur qualité de vie familiale : le Family Quality Of Life scale (Hoffman, Marquis, Poston, Summers & Turnbull, 2006) et le Family Impact of Childhood Disability (Trute, Hiebert-Murphy & Levine, 2007). Ils ont également répondu à un entretien semi-directif, l'Entretien « R » (Stern, Robert-Tissot, Besson, in Lebovici, Mazet & Visier, 1989) permettant d’investiguer les représentations que les parents ont de leur enfant. Les professionnels ont été interrogés, d’une part à partir d’un questionnaire visant à identifier les valeurs éducatives qu’ils privilégient (CaMIE ; Ramstein, Krucher, El-Najjar, & Pierrehumbert, 2005) et d’autre part, à l’aide d’un entretien semi-directif afin de saisir leurs représentations du handicap et de leur rôle. Enfin, les relations parents-professionnels ont été analysées à travers le Family-professional partnership Scale (Summers et al., 2005) et l’Echelle de collaboration parent-professionnel (Lacharité, Moreau & Moreau, 1999).Nos principaux résultats indiquent que la fréquentation d’une structure collective de la petite enfance permet aux enfants en situation de handicap de maintenir et/ou d’accroître leurs compétences socio-adaptatives. Par ailleurs, plus les enfants mobilisent d’habiletés adaptatives et communicatives, moins les parents rapportent d’impacts négatifs du handicap sur leur vie de famille. Ils manifestent alors davantage de satisfaction dans leur rôle de parents et de bien-être émotionnel. En outre, plus l’enfant rencontre de difficultés au plan socio-affectif, plus les parents expriment d’affects négatifs quand ils pensent à leur enfant ou sont avec lui. Aussi, plus les parents sont satisfaits de leur qualité de vie familiale, plus, d’une part, les descriptions de l’enfant se centrent sur ses compétences et plus, d’autre part, les émotions que les parents déclarent ressentir sont positives. Enfin, les professionnels définissent majoritairement le handicap dans sa dimension médicale mais ne perçoivent pas de différence dans l’exercice de leur rôle que l’enfant soit en situation de handicap ou non. The aim of this research is to study, with an ecological system theory ( Bronfenbrenner, 1996), the influence of the attendance of day care on socio-emotional development of children with disabilities, on family quality of life, and the representations of professionals.With this mind, our sample consists of 48 children with disabilities (23 girls and 25 boys) aged from 11 months to 4.7 years in day care, 56 parents (47 mothers and fathers 9) and 79 professionals. The socio-emotional development of children has been apprehended using an observation (Evaluation de la Communication Sociale Précoce, Tourette & Guidetti, 1993) and a semi-structured interview (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, Sparrow, Balla, & Cicchetti, 1984). Parents have filled two questionnaires on their family quality of life: the Family Quality Of Life scale (Hoffman, Marquis, Poston, Summers & Turnbull, 2006) and the Family Impact of Childhood Disability (Trute, Hiebert-Murphy & Levine, 2007). They also answered a semi-structured interview, the interview "R" (Stern, Robert-Tissot, Besson, in Lebovici, Mazet & Visier, 1989) to investigate the representations that parents have of their child. The professionals were interviewed, firstly from a questionnaire to identify their preferred educational values (CaMIE; Ramstein Krucher, El-Najjar, & Pierrehumbert, 2005) and secondly, to using a semi-structured interview to capture their representations of disability and their role. Finally, parent-professional relationships were analyzed through the Family-professional partnership Scale (Summers et al., 2005) and l’Echelle de collaboration parent-professionnel (Lacharité, Moreau & Moreau, 1999).The main results show that the attendance of day care allows children with disabilities to maintain and/or increase their social adaptive skills. In addition, more children mobilize adaptive and communicative skills, parents report less negative impact of disability on family life. They then show more satisfaction in their parenting and emotional well-being. In addition, most children encounter difficulties in socio-emotional, most parents express negative affect when they think of their child or are with them. Also, most parents are satisfied with their quality of family life, plus the one hand, the child's descriptions are focused on their skills and on the other hand, the emotions that parents say they feel are positive. Finally, professionals mainly define disability in its medical dimension but receive no difference in the performance of their role as the child is living with disabilities or not.

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    Authors: Prud'Homme, Julie; MADELIN, Malika; Baudet-Michel, Sophie;

    Nous proposons de présenter les premiers résultats d’un protocole de mesure mis en place dans le 14ème arrondissement de Paris pour estimer l’exposition des enfants à la pollution de l’air (PM10) sur le chemin de l’école. L’objectif est de construire une hiérarchisation des espaces autour des écoles en termes de pollution de l’air pour in fine être en capacité d’identifier des espaces moins exposés à la pollution de l’air. We propose to present first results of a measurement protocol developed in the 14th district of Paris to estimate personal exposure of children on their way to school to air pollution (PM10). The aim is to establish a ranking of spaces around schools in air pollution terms

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    Authors: Yinan Zhou; Pierre Kaser;

    Presentation Dernier rejeton d'une longue lignee d'homme de lettres, le jeune Zhang Dai 張岱 (1597-1681) connut l'opulence d'un riche lettre oisif, s'adonnant tout a loisir a sa passion pour la litterature et a son gout tres marque pour le theâtre avant de tout perdre au moment de la chute des Ming 明 (1644). Reste fidele a la defunte dynastie, il brava les interdits en en redigeant l'histoire. Depouille et traque, il eprouva la misere et la clandestinite, ce qui explique que la plupart de ses e...

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    Impressions d’Extrême-Orient
    Article . 2017
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    Article . 2017
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      Impressions d’Extrême-Orient
      Article . 2017
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      Article . 2017
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    Authors: Williams-Wanquet, Eileen;

    Communication à la Journée de recherche du CRLHOI "Texte et politique" en avril 2013 à l'Université de La Réunion; National audience; Indigo (1993) de Marina Warner, qui reprend, à la fois, l'Histoire coloniale anglaise et La Tempête de Shakespeare, illustre bien une des tendances de la littérature britannique des années 1980 et 1990, qui commente le monde à travers la révision de l'idéologie transmise par des « hypotextes » précis. Cet article vise à montrer la manière dont, pour reprendre les termes de Jacques Rancière, « la littérature fait de la politique en tant que littérature ». Ce que Rancière nomme le caractère propre-impropre de la littérature est ce qui lui permet d'avoir une portée politique, en « reconfigurant la carte du sensible ». J'utiliserai les trois temps décrits par Rancière pour éclairer la démarche de Warner : la « police », ou l'ordre établi, dans lequel Warner ancre son histoire de manière réaliste ; « la poli-tique », ou la remise en cause de cet ordre, par l'utilisation de procédés tels que l'ironie, l'inversion de point de vue, ou l'hypertextualité ; « le politique », ou l'appel éthique à un nouvel ordre utopique, par le recours à l'intertextualité, au réalisme magique ou à la symbolique. La réécriture de l'idéologie transmise par l'hypotexte équivaut à une révision de l'hypotexte diffus de la Modernité.

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    Authors: Wyvekens, Anne;
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    Authors: Gerville-Réache, Léo;

    Pierre joue avec Paul à croix ou pile, avec cette condition que si Paul amène pile au premier coup, il donnera un écu à Pierre; s'il n'amène pile qu'au deuxième coup, deux écus; s'il n'amène pile qu'au troisième coup, quatre écus; au quatrième, huit écus; au cinquième, seize; et ainsi de suite jusqu'à ce que pile vienne; on demande l'espérance de Paul, ou ce qui est la même chose, ce qu'il doit demander à Pierre avant que le jeu commence, pour jouer avec lui à jeu égal, ou, comme on l'exprime d'ordinaire, pour son enjeu.

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    Authors: Rangel, Jhonnatan;

    L’ayapaneco, zoque ayapaneco ou numte ʔoote (ethnonyme) est une langue en danger appartenant à la famille mixe-zoque et parlée exclusivement dans l’état de Tabasco, au Mexique, par environ 11 personnes âgées entre 69 et 95 ans. L’ayapaneco est l’une des langues de cette famille la moins étudiée et la moins documentée. Depuis les années 1950, elle ne se transmet plus aux nouvelles générations et son utilisation est actuellement très limitée dans le quotidien des locuteurs. Cette thèse documente, décrit et analyse tant la situation sociolinguistique de l’ayapaneco que sa réalité linguistique, en particulier l’existence de variations linguistiques. Bien que la variation soit un phénomène inhérent à toutes les langues du monde, les langues en danger présentent des défis théoriques et méthodologiques pour l’analyse des variations. Après avoir expliqué les variations linguistiques et les mécanismes qui les caractérisent en ayapaneco, cette thèse propose d’apporter des éléments nouveaux qui n’étaient pas pris en considération auparavant pour l’étude de la variation linguistique d’une langue vivant une situation de danger critique comme l’ayapaneco. Ceci contribue à questionner les analyses traditionnelles et à impulser, à partir d’une analyse multifactorielle, des explications originales pour faire avancer nos connaissances sur la nature des variations et du changement linguistique dans les langues en danger. Ayapaneco, Zoque Ayapaneco or numte ʔoote (ethnonyme) is a critically endangered language spoken by approximately 11 people between the ages of 69- and 95-years-old in the state of Tabasco, Mexico. Ayapaneco is the least studied and least documented language in the Mixe-Zoque family. The intergenerational transmission of the language was interrupted in the 1950s. Today, it has a very limited role in the daily language practices of its remaining speakers.This thesis documents, describes and analyzes the sociolinguistic situation of Ayapaneco as well as its linguistic characteristics, focusing on language variation. Although variation is a phenomenon inherent to all world languages, studying variation within the context of critically endangered languages presents specific theoretical and methodological challenges.After presenting the characteristics of language variation in Ayapaneco, this thesis offers new perspectives on the study of these variations in critically endangered languages. A multifactorial analysis is used to question traditional approaches and propose new insights, contributing to the fields of language variation and language change in the context of critically endangered languages.

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    Other literature type . 2019
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    Doctoral thesis . 2019
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    Authors: Babay, Meissa;

    Le travail proposé dans ce manuscrit de thèse concerne le développement, la conception et l’implémentation d’une architecture originale et innovante d’un biocapteur RF actif dédié à la spectroscopie diélectrique hyperfréquence. Le capteur développé est basé sur une détection capacitive. Il permet de détecter, d’analyser et de discriminer des échantillons biologiques mis sous test telles que des cellules cancéreuses, en suspension dans un canal microfluidique, en fonction de leurs propriétés diélectriques. Il est capable de mesurer les différences existantes entre elles avec une très haute sensibilité. Le système de détection développé est basé sur deux oscillateurs LC verrouillés par injection, fonctionnant à une fréquence proche de 5 GHz et intégré sur un substrat silicium en technologie BiCMOS SiGe:C 0,25 μm de IHP. Le fonctionnement du circuit a été validé en premier lieu avec des simulations électriques et post-layout. Le système de détection proposé est capable d’atteindre, en travaillant en mode faible injection, les performances requises en ce qui concerne la sensibilité de détection (de l’ordre de 2 ppm), ce qui permet de pouvoir à termes détecter et caractériser avec précision les propriétés diélectriques de cellules biologiques. Un banc de mesure dédié a été développé une fois le prototype fabriqué afin de caractériser le circuit. Les expérimentations ont démontré que le dispositif présente des résultats de mesures prometteurs qui concordent avec les simulations. Cela démontre le fort potentiel de l'approche proposée permettant à termes de pouvoir détecter et mesurer des différences entre les éléments biologiques d’une manière non invasive. The proposed work presented in this thesis concerns the design and the implementation of an original and innovative architecture of an active RF biosensor dedicated to microwave dielectric spectroscopy. The developed sensor is based on capacitive detection. It is able to detect, analyze and discriminate biological samples, such as cancer cells, suspended in a microfluidic channel, according to their dielectric properties. It is capable of measuring the existing differences between them with a very high sensitivity. A detection system, based on two LC injection locked oscillators (ILOs) operating at a frequency close to 5 GHz and integrated on a silicon substrate using a BiCMOS SiGe: C 0.25 μm technology, was designed. The concept was at the first validated with electrical and post-layout simulations. The detection system is capable of achieving, in low injection mode, the required performance regarding the detection sensitivity (in the order of 2 ppm), which makes it possible to detect and characterize with precision the dielectric properties of biological cells. A dedicated measurement bench have been developed once the prototype manufactured in order to characterize the circuit. Experiments have demonstrated that the proposed circuit presents promising measurement results with a good agreement with simulations. This demonstrates the high potential of the proposed approach, which make it possible to detect and measure differences between biological elements in a non-invasive way.

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    Authors: Olivier Compagnon; Pierre Purseigle;

    The global history of the First World War is still in its early stages. This article proposes to contribute to its development by “de-Europeanizing” the historiography of the conflict and suggesting some of the ways scholars can move beyond “centers” and “peripheries” to combine different spatial scales of analysis. First, it demonstrates the need to look beyond the European theaters of the war and investigate spaces hitherto deemed to be marginal: despite their distance from the epicenter of the combat, these regions were traversed by tensions directly linked to the conflict and witnessed major transformations between 1914 and 1918. Second, it invites researchers to focus on elements such as the environment, natural resources, or diasporas, which make it possible to break out of a national framework of analysis and to do justice to the global impact of the Great War. This twofold approach underlines the value of a new geography of mobilization and belligerence, one that matches the diversity of experiences and reflects the truly global dimension of the First World War.

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    Other literature type . 2016
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    Authors: Bourbousson, Céline;

    Notre recherche propose d’appréhender la « mise en dispositif », au sens de Foucault (1977), de projets de polarisation territoriale dans le champ de l’économie sociale et solidaire (ESS). Nous nous appuyons sur une analyse multi-niveaux qui se décline sous la forme : (1) d’une enquête qualitative sur l’élaboration du dispositif Pôle Territorial de Coopération Economique (PTCE) par les acteurs nationaux, (2) de deux études de cas auprès de deux de ces pôles en région Paca. Plus précisément, nous mobilisons la grille d’analyse du travail institutionnel pour cerner les pratiques mises en oeuvre par les deux PTCE pour s’approprier le dispositif dans un contexte de pluralisme institutionnel. Deux niveaux de résultats sont proposés. Le premier revient à éclairer le phénomène de banalisation du dispositif PTCE à l’échelle nationale, qui est d’abord caractérisé par une logique civique de développement territorial alternatif qui se voit ensuite remplacée par une logique gestionnaire de normalisation de l’ESS. Le second niveau de résultats consiste à caractériser les modalités d’appropriation de ce dispositif à l’échelle méso des deux cas analysés. Il en ressort que le PTCE qui parvient à survivre et à se développer est celui qui hybride les logiques civique et gestionnaire. Le second PTCE, très façonné par la logique civique, ne parvient pas à pérenniser son activité et suscite un rejet du dispositif, dont il ne partage aucunement l’intention stratégique. Conjuguer une posture critique à une analyse néo-institutionnaliste nous permet de dégager plusieurs apports théoriques. (1) Nous dessinons les contours conceptuels d’un nouveau type de dispositif que nous qualifions de normalisateur. (2) L’analyse du travail institutionnel dans un contexte de pluralisme institutionnel met en évidence un nouveau type de pratiques : celles qui ont trait à la résistance institutionnelle. Our research focuses on the adoption of a dispositive (Foucault, 1977) destinated to territorial polarization projects in the field of social and solidarity economy. We build on a multi-scalar approach which consists in : (1) a qualitative survey of the construction of the Pôle Territorial de Coopération Economique (“Territorial Cluster for Economic Cooperation”) policy by national actors, (2) two case studies of two of these clusters, selected in region Paca. More specifically, we build on the institutional work theory to characterize the practices deployed by the two TCECs in order to appropriate the dispositive in a context of institutional pluralism. Two levels of results are proposed. The first one sheds light on the banalisation process of the TCEC dispositive at the national level, which is first dominated by a civic logic of alternative territorial development that is then effaced by a a managerial logic of normalization of SSE. The second level of results consists in characterizing the modalities of appropriation of this dispositive at the meso scale of the two clusters analysed. It appears that the TCEC which manages to survive and develop is the one that hybridizes the civic and managerial logics. The other one, particularly shaped by the civic logic, doesn’t manage to perpetuate its activities and implies a reject of the dispositive, since it doesn’t share its strategic intention. Combining a critical approach and a neo-institutionalist analysis leads to several theoretical contributions. (1) We draw the outlines of a new type of dispositive that we conceptualize as a normalizing dispostive. (2) The analysis of institutional work in a context of institutional pluralism highlights a new type of practices : the ones which deal with institutional resistance.

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    Doctoral thesis . 2018
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    Authors: Fontaine-Benaoum, Élodie;

    L’objectif de cette recherche est d’étudier, à partir d’une approche écosystémique (Bronfenbrenner, 1996), l’influence de la fréquentation d’une structure collective de la petite enfance sur le développement socio-affectif des enfants en situation de handicap, sur la qualité de vie de leur famille, et sur les représentations des professionnels.Pour cela, notre échantillon se compose de 48 enfants en situation de handicap (23 filles et 25 garçons), âgés de 11 mois à 4.7 ans et accueillis en structure collective de la petite enfance, de 56 parents (47 mères et 9 pères) et de 79 professionnels. Le développement socio-affectif des enfants a été appréhendé à l’aide d’une observation (Evaluation de la Communication Sociale Précoce, Tourette & Guidetti, 1993) et d’un entretien semi-directif (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, Sparrow, Balla, & Cicchetti, 1984). Les parents ont renseignés deux questionnaires relatifs à leur qualité de vie familiale : le Family Quality Of Life scale (Hoffman, Marquis, Poston, Summers & Turnbull, 2006) et le Family Impact of Childhood Disability (Trute, Hiebert-Murphy & Levine, 2007). Ils ont également répondu à un entretien semi-directif, l'Entretien « R » (Stern, Robert-Tissot, Besson, in Lebovici, Mazet & Visier, 1989) permettant d’investiguer les représentations que les parents ont de leur enfant. Les professionnels ont été interrogés, d’une part à partir d’un questionnaire visant à identifier les valeurs éducatives qu’ils privilégient (CaMIE ; Ramstein, Krucher, El-Najjar, & Pierrehumbert, 2005) et d’autre part, à l’aide d’un entretien semi-directif afin de saisir leurs représentations du handicap et de leur rôle. Enfin, les relations parents-professionnels ont été analysées à travers le Family-professional partnership Scale (Summers et al., 2005) et l’Echelle de collaboration parent-professionnel (Lacharité, Moreau & Moreau, 1999).Nos principaux résultats indiquent que la fréquentation d’une structure collective de la petite enfance permet aux enfants en situation de handicap de maintenir et/ou d’accroître leurs compétences socio-adaptatives. Par ailleurs, plus les enfants mobilisent d’habiletés adaptatives et communicatives, moins les parents rapportent d’impacts négatifs du handicap sur leur vie de famille. Ils manifestent alors davantage de satisfaction dans leur rôle de parents et de bien-être émotionnel. En outre, plus l’enfant rencontre de difficultés au plan socio-affectif, plus les parents expriment d’affects négatifs quand ils pensent à leur enfant ou sont avec lui. Aussi, plus les parents sont satisfaits de leur qualité de vie familiale, plus, d’une part, les descriptions de l’enfant se centrent sur ses compétences et plus, d’autre part, les émotions que les parents déclarent ressentir sont positives. Enfin, les professionnels définissent majoritairement le handicap dans sa dimension médicale mais ne perçoivent pas de différence dans l’exercice de leur rôle que l’enfant soit en situation de handicap ou non. The aim of this research is to study, with an ecological system theory ( Bronfenbrenner, 1996), the influence of the attendance of day care on socio-emotional development of children with disabilities, on family quality of life, and the representations of professionals.With this mind, our sample consists of 48 children with disabilities (23 girls and 25 boys) aged from 11 months to 4.7 years in day care, 56 parents (47 mothers and fathers 9) and 79 professionals. The socio-emotional development of children has been apprehended using an observation (Evaluation de la Communication Sociale Précoce, Tourette & Guidetti, 1993) and a semi-structured interview (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, Sparrow, Balla, & Cicchetti, 1984). Parents have filled two questionnaires on their family quality of life: the Family Quality Of Life scale (Hoffman, Marquis, Poston, Summers & Turnbull, 2006) and the Family Impact of Childhood Disability (Trute, Hiebert-Murphy & Levine, 2007). They also answered a semi-structured interview, the interview "R" (Stern, Robert-Tissot, Besson, in Lebovici, Mazet & Visier, 1989) to investigate the representations that parents have of their child. The professionals were interviewed, firstly from a questionnaire to identify their preferred educational values (CaMIE; Ramstein Krucher, El-Najjar, & Pierrehumbert, 2005) and secondly, to using a semi-structured interview to capture their representations of disability and their role. Finally, parent-professional relationships were analyzed through the Family-professional partnership Scale (Summers et al., 2005) and l’Echelle de collaboration parent-professionnel (Lacharité, Moreau & Moreau, 1999).The main results show that the attendance of day care allows children with disabilities to maintain and/or increase their social adaptive skills. In addition, more children mobilize adaptive and communicative skills, parents report less negative impact of disability on family life. They then show more satisfaction in their parenting and emotional well-being. In addition, most children encounter difficulties in socio-emotional, most parents express negative affect when they think of their child or are with them. Also, most parents are satisfied with their quality of family life, plus the one hand, the child's descriptions are focused on their skills and on the other hand, the emotions that parents say they feel are positive. Finally, professionals mainly define disability in its medical dimension but receive no difference in the performance of their role as the child is living with disabilities or not.

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