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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Xavier Bultel; Sébastien Gambs; David Gérault; pascal lafourcade; +2 Authors

    International audience; Les communications sans contact sont omniprésentes dans notre quotidien, allant des badges de contrôle d'accès au passeport électronique. Ces systèmes sont sensibles aux attaques par relais, dans lesquelles un adversaire transfère simplement les messages entre le prouveur et le vérifieur pour usurper l'identité du prouveur. Les protocoles délimiteurs de distance (distance-bounding) ont été ont ntroduits pour contrer ces attaques en assurant une borne sur la distance entre le prouveur et le vérifieur grâcè a la mesure du temps des communications. Par la suite de nombreux travaux ont amélioré la sécurité de ces protocoles, mais ont aussi cherché à assurer le respect de la vie privée face à des adversaires actifs et également face à des vérifieurs malicieux. En particulier, une menace difficile à prévenir est la fraude terroriste, où un prouveur lointain coopère avec un complice proche pour tromper le vérifieur. La contre-mesure usuelle pour cette menace est de rendre impossible l'action du complice sans l'aide du prouveur lointain, à moins que le prouveur ne lui donne suffisamment d'information pour qu'il retrouve sa clef privée et puisse ainsi toujours se faire passer pour le prouveur. Dans cet article, nous proposons une nouvelle approche où le prouveur ne révèle pas sa clef privée mais utilise une clef de session avec une signature de groupe, la rendant ainsi utilisable plusieurs fois. Ceci permet à un adversaire d'usurper l'identité du prouveur sans même connaître sa clef de signature. Grâce à cette approche nous proposons SPADE le premier protocole de délimiteur de distance qui est anonyme, révocable et formellement prouvé sûr. Mots-clefs : Protocole délimiteur de distance (Distance Bounding), Sécurité, résitance à la fraude terroriste.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hal-Diderotarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Hal-Diderot
    Other literature type . 2017
    Data sources: Hal-Diderot
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Other literature type . Conference object . 2017
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hal-Diderotarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Hal-Diderot
      Other literature type . 2017
      Data sources: Hal-Diderot
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Hyper Article en Ligne
      Other literature type . Conference object . 2017
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Longo, María Eugenia; Bidart, Claire; Alfonsi, Jérémy; Noël, Marjolaine; +1 Authors

    Le travail occupe une place importante dans la vie des sociétés et des individus, notamment en tant que vecteur d’intégration sociale et source d’identité, en dépit de contextes historiques de précarisation de l’emploi. Les recherches et comparaisons internationales sur les rapports des jeunes au travail sont nombreuses, mais tendent à offrir une image peu diversifiée de la jeunesse. Cet article se focalise sur les spécificités des rapports au travail des jeunes en situation de vulnérabilité, ce qui conduit à interroger les processus par lesquels ils développent leur agentivité. En effet, l’analyse qualitative inductive et la mise en perspective internationale systématique d’entretiens individuels réalisés auprès de jeunes en situation de vulnérabilité sur le marché du travail (décrocheurs, immigrants, autochtones, ruraux, surqualifiés) au Québec et en France montrent que l’activité professionnelle reste importante pour eux et constitue une plaque tournante autour de laquelle la vie se structure et prend du sens. L’inactivité est très mal vécue par ces jeunes et provoque plutôt un positionnement critique vis-à-vis de l’aide sociale. De plus, s’ils sont fortement touchés par la précarité matérielle, et si l’aspect financier reste prédominant parmi les raisons les incitant à travailler, celui-ci touche toutefois des dimensions variées. Enfin, malgré de lourdes épreuves vécues, les jeunes décrivent plutôt avec pragmatisme et optimisme le marché du travail. Work plays an important role in the lives of both societies and individuals. It serves as both a means for social integration and a source of identity, notwithstanding historical contexts marked by precarious employment. Whereas much international research and many comparative studies have addressed young people’s relationship to work, the existing literature tends to paint a rather uniform picture of youth. This article begins with a focus on the unique aspects of the relationship to work among vulnerable youth, which leads to an exploration of the processes by which these individuals develop agency. Coupled with inductive qualitative analysis, the systematic international perspective provided by interviews conducted with vulnerable youth (dropouts, immigrants, Indigenous persons, rural residents, and overqualified individuals) in Quebec and France shows that labour market participation not only remains important to these youth but constitutes a hub around which their lives acquire structure and meaning. They experience inactivity very negatively and express strong criticism of social assistance. Although vulnerable youth are acutely affected by material insecurity and often cite the desire to earn money as a reason for working, financial considerations remain complex by involving a variety of dimensions. Finally, despite the hardships they experience, young people tend to describe the labour market in pragmatic and optimistic terms.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
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    Hyper Article en Ligne
    Other literature type . 2021
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Hyper Article en Ligne
      Other literature type . 2021
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Achraf Ammar; Michael Brach; Khaled Trabelsi; Hamdi Chtourou; +53 Authors

    AbstractBackgroundPublic health recommendations and governmental measures during the COVID-19 pandemic have enforced numerous restrictions on daily living including social distancing, isolation and home confinement. While these measures are imperative to abate the spreading of COVID-19, the impact of these restrictions on health behaviours and lifestyle at home is undefined. Therefore, an international online survey was launched in April 2020 in seven languages to elucidate the behavioral and lifestyle consequences of COVID-19 restrictions. This report presents the preliminary results from the first thousand responders on physical activity (PA) and nutrition behaviours.MethodsThirty-five research organisations from Europe, North-Africa, Western Asia and the Americas promoted the survey through their networks to the general society, in English, German, French, Arabic, Spanish, Portugese, and Slovenian languages. Questions were presented in a differential format with questions related to responses “before” and “during” confinement conditions.Results1047 replies (54% women) from Asia (36%), Africa (40%), Europe (21%) and other (3%) were included into a general analysis. The COVID-19 home confinement had a negative effect on all intensities of PA (vigorous, moderate, walking and overall). Conversely, daily sitting time increased from 5 to 8 hours per day. Additionally, food consumption and meal patterns (the type of food, eating out of control, snacks between meals, number of meals) were more unhealthy during confinement with only alcohol binge drink decreasing significantly.ConclusionWhile isolation is a necessary measure to protect public health, our results indicate that it alters physical activity and eating behaviours in a direction that would compromise health. A more detailed analysis of survey data will allow for a segregation of these responses in different age groups, countries and other subgroups which will help develop bespoke interventions to mitigate the negative lifestyle behaviors manifest during the COVID-19 confinement.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ https://www.mdpi.com...arrow_drop_down
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    https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643...
    Preprint
    License: cc-by
    Data sources: UnpayWall
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    medRxiv
    Preprint . 2020
    HAL Paris Nanterre
    Preprint . 2020
    Data sources: HAL Paris Nanterre
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ https://www.mdpi.com...arrow_drop_down
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      https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643...
      Preprint
      License: cc-by
      Data sources: UnpayWall
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      medRxiv
      Preprint . 2020
      HAL Paris Nanterre
      Preprint . 2020
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Lindenbauer, Edith;

    This paper reports on a qualitative case study about the use of dynamic worksheets addressing typical difficulties and misconceptions concerning functional thinking. The dynamic worksheets designed in this project visualize the transfer between iconic situational and graphical representations and were utilized during an intervention with students in a 7th grade Austrian middle school class. In addition to observational data, diagnostic tests and interviews regarding students’ conceptions in the field of functional thinking were conducted. The case study particularly pays attention to the intuitive conceptions of students, the influence of the dynamic worksheets on these conceptions, and whether or not these materials are able to support students in developing appropriate mathematical conceptions. In this paper, an overview of the study and the part of the results related to students’ use of dynamic worksheets are presented.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
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    Hyper Article en Ligne
    Other literature type . 2019
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Hal-Diderot
    Other literature type . 2019
    Data sources: Hal-Diderot
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Hyper Article en Ligne
      Other literature type . 2019
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Hal-Diderot
      Other literature type . 2019
      Data sources: Hal-Diderot
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Jean Slawinski; Julien Louis; Julien Poli; Eve Tiollier; +2 Authors

    Abstract Fatigue modifies the kinematics of various sports-related movements. Basketball induces fatigue, however, the effects of fatigue on the kinematics of shooting have never been studied. This study analysed the effects of fatigue induced by repeated sprints on the kinematics of 3-point shooting (3PS) in young, elite basketball players (U18 level). 3D joint angles were calculated at the maximum and minimum heights of the centre of mass during 3PS, using inertial measurement units (Biomech system, Xsens Technologies BV, Enschede, The Netherlands). Height, velocity and the angle of the ball at the time of release were extrapolated from the wrist joint angles. All players performed four 3PS actions in dynamic conditions before and after a fatigue protocol at 70% of their maximal exercise capacity. The fatigue protocol consisted of a shuttle test with repeated 20-m sprints interspersed with sets of 5 jumps. There was no change in the kinematics of 3PS (p > 0.05), or the ball release variables (p > 0.05) following the fatigue protocol. This suggests that elite basketball players are able to cope with physical fatigue while performing coordinated movements such as 3PS.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ CORE (RIOXX-UK Aggre...arrow_drop_down
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    Journal of Human Kinetics
    Article
    License: cc-by-nc-nd
    Data sources: UnpayWall
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Lyall, Andrea; Nelson, Harry; Rosenblum, Daisy; Turin, Mark;

    International audience; This paper describes the process and outcomes of a project focused on community centred reclamation of plant-based knowledge in the Kwak̓wala language from previously published materials as well as new documentation with Kwak̓wala speaking Elders. The paper describes our research process resulting in the documentation of 300 plant word names and phrases, starting with 135 plants with names and words in Kwak̓wala that had been documented between the late 19th and early 20th century by Franz Boas and George Hunt, subsequently added to and enriched by community members and academics. An audio-visual dictionary of these plant names and associated phrases is now available through the FirstVoices web portal (http://bit.ly/LDC_FirstVoices). The corresponding author initiated the work and then further developed the research in collaboration with Kwakwa̱ka̱’wakw fluent speakers, linguists, biologists, and the U’mista Cultural Society. The project has stimulated interest among community members who provided valuable feedback on the different ways in which this research can be further accessed and then delivered. The paper concludes with some structured reflections on how to proceed in community-led research projects such as this. The authors see further opportunity for continued cross-disciplinary and community-based research.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Maroy, Christian; Brassard, André; Mathou, Cécile; Vaillancourt, Samuel; +1 Authors

    Cet article porte sur le rôle des commissions scolaires (CS) québécoises dans le processus de mise en oeuvre de la politique de gestion axée sur les résultats (GAR) au sein du réseau de l’éducation obligatoire. Lors de ce processus, les CS contribuent à coconstruire cette politique et à la transformer partiellement. Cette médiation de la GAR par les CS conduit à la mise en place d’une gestion plus formalisée de l’efficacité des pratiques des enseignants. À partir d’une étude de cas multiples de quatre CS (61 entretiens semi-dirigés), nous montrons comment leurs logiques de médiation de la politique affectent la portée et l’intensité de la gestion de l’activité pédagogique : certaines CS adaptent la GAR à leur réalité organisationnelle, alors que d’autres l’intensifient. This article examines the role of Quebec school boards (SBs) in the implementation of the results-based management (RBM) policy within the compulsory education network. The SBs help co-construct and partially transform this policy, in what we refer to as the mediation process of RBM. This process leads to a more formalized management of the teachers’ pedagogical work, focused on its effectiveness. From a multiple case study of four SBs (61 semi-directed interviews), we show how mediation logic affects the scope and the intensity of the management of the teacher’s pedagogical work. We find that some SBs adapt RBM to their organizational reality, while others intensify it.

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  • Authors: Pariente-Butterlin, Isabelle;

    Alors que notre société est vieillissante, la place des vieillards (comment faut-il les appeler ? le terme a évidemment son importance) n’est pas interrogée, et faute de leur donner la parole, nous ne savons pas quel regard ils portent sur l’enfermement auquel on les réduit, chez eux au mieux, ou dans des maisons spécialisées, dans des résidences ou dans des E.P.A.H.D. Je soutiens que la manière dont nous traitons les vieillards dans une société est révélatrice de notre conception profonde de l’humanité. Le vieillard est ce qui reste de nous. Il est hautement signifiant dans une société démocratique d’interroger cette figure et de mesurer la place que nous lui attribuons. Whereas our society is aging, old people (how to call them?) seem destined to be locked up, at home in the best way, or in asylums. I argue that the way we treat the elderly in a society is highly significant, and is revealing of our conception of humanity. The old man is what remains of us. It is highly significant in a democratic society to question this figure and to measure the place we attribute to it.

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    Authors: Doyon, Luc;

    Au cours de la deuxième moitié du SIM3 (entre 41 et 29 ka cal AP), et pour la première fois dans l’histoire de l’humanité, les artisans préhistoriques dispersés sur l’ensemble du continent européen intègrent les matières osseuses – ivoire, os et bois de cervidé – à leurs stratégies technologiques pour la manufacture de pointes de projectile aurignaciennes. Ces technologies comprennent deux catégories, les pointes à base fendue et celles à base massive. Malgré leur standardisation apparente, la variabilité des formes et des dimensions des armatures mérite d’être explorée afin de comprendre en quoi ces données peuvent préciser nos connaissances sur l’organisation technologique de ces sociétés et sur l’histoire de la dispersion des populations d’Homo sapiens en Europe. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, la morphométrie géométrique est adaptée à l’étude de la culture matérielle dédiée aux activités cynégétiques; l’échantillon directement concerné par cette analyse regroupe 547 armatures mises au jour dans 49 sites répartis entre la façade atlantique et les Carpates. Cette approche permet l’identification de huit conceptions volumétriques reproduites par les artisans aurignaciens pour la manufacture des pointes à base fendue, et de deux pour les pointes à base massive, une d’entre elles se déclinant en six variantes. La répartition spatiotemporelle de ces conceptions indique que les pointes de projectile aurignaciennes en matière osseuse ne constituent pas un proxy de la dispersion des Homo sapiens nouvellement arrivés en Europe, mais signalent plutôt la fédération de populations déjà présentes sur le continent et liées les unes aux autres par le développement de stratégies socioéconomiques particulières. Ainsi, l’apparition de ces technologies dans le registre archéologique est interprétée comme une solution aux contraintes imposées par une mobilité accrue des groupes; l’adoption subséquente de l’innovation sur l’ensemble de l’Europe est mise en relation avec l’éruption des champs Phlégréens. Enfin, la mutation typologique observée par le remplacement des pointes à base fendue par celles à base massive suggère des transformations profondes dans la mise en œuvre des stratégies technologiques. Les pointes à base fendue témoignent de l’adoption d’une stratégie planifiée sur le long terme tandis que les pointes à base massive se conforment aux critères attendus dans le cadre d’une stratégie expéditive et ce, indépendamment de la conservation de patrons de mobilité similaires. During the second half of MIS3 (ca. 41-29 kyr BP), for the first time in the history of humankind, prehistoric artisans scattered across Europe integrated a variety of osseous materials – ivory, bone, and antler – into their technological strategies in order to manufacture Aurignacian projectile points. These armatures can be categorized into “split-based” and “massive-based” types. Despite their relative standardization, the observed variability of the forms and dimensions of these implements requires further investigation. The aim of the present study is to gain a better understanding of the technological organization favoured by these prehistoric artisans, and to improve our knowledge about the dispersal of Homo sapiens populations in Europe. Geometric morphometric analysis is adapted to the study of 547 Aurignacian osseous projectile points recovered from 49 European sites located between the Atlantic and the Carpathian Mountains. This approach allowed the identification of eight volumetric templates used by Aurignacian artisans during the manufacture of split-based points. Two volumetric templates were identified for massive-based points, one of which includes a number of variants. Spatial and chronological distribution of these templates indicates that, contrary to the dominant hypothesis, Aurignacian projectile points do not represent a proxy for the dispersal of Homo sapiens into Europe. It is argued that a more parsimonious interpretation is to consider them as a signal of the development of innovative socioeconomic strategies by groups already present on the continent and linked to one another. This innovation corresponds to an adaptive technological solution for prehistoric groups engaged in increased mobility. The subsequent adoption of this innovation at a continental scale can be linked to the Campanian Eruption. Finally, the change in types, i.e., the replacement of split-based points by massive-based points, suggests that an important transformation occurred in the technological strategies implemented by earlier and later Aurignacians even though they favoured a similar mobility pattern. Split-based points are likely the products of a technological strategy associated with curation of these objects, while massive-based points are consistent with the implementation of an expedient strategy.

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    Authors: Maroşan, Mario Ionuț;
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Xavier Bultel; Sébastien Gambs; David Gérault; pascal lafourcade; +2 Authors

    International audience; Les communications sans contact sont omniprésentes dans notre quotidien, allant des badges de contrôle d'accès au passeport électronique. Ces systèmes sont sensibles aux attaques par relais, dans lesquelles un adversaire transfère simplement les messages entre le prouveur et le vérifieur pour usurper l'identité du prouveur. Les protocoles délimiteurs de distance (distance-bounding) ont été ont ntroduits pour contrer ces attaques en assurant une borne sur la distance entre le prouveur et le vérifieur grâcè a la mesure du temps des communications. Par la suite de nombreux travaux ont amélioré la sécurité de ces protocoles, mais ont aussi cherché à assurer le respect de la vie privée face à des adversaires actifs et également face à des vérifieurs malicieux. En particulier, une menace difficile à prévenir est la fraude terroriste, où un prouveur lointain coopère avec un complice proche pour tromper le vérifieur. La contre-mesure usuelle pour cette menace est de rendre impossible l'action du complice sans l'aide du prouveur lointain, à moins que le prouveur ne lui donne suffisamment d'information pour qu'il retrouve sa clef privée et puisse ainsi toujours se faire passer pour le prouveur. Dans cet article, nous proposons une nouvelle approche où le prouveur ne révèle pas sa clef privée mais utilise une clef de session avec une signature de groupe, la rendant ainsi utilisable plusieurs fois. Ceci permet à un adversaire d'usurper l'identité du prouveur sans même connaître sa clef de signature. Grâce à cette approche nous proposons SPADE le premier protocole de délimiteur de distance qui est anonyme, révocable et formellement prouvé sûr. Mots-clefs : Protocole délimiteur de distance (Distance Bounding), Sécurité, résitance à la fraude terroriste.

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    Authors: Longo, María Eugenia; Bidart, Claire; Alfonsi, Jérémy; Noël, Marjolaine; +1 Authors

    Le travail occupe une place importante dans la vie des sociétés et des individus, notamment en tant que vecteur d’intégration sociale et source d’identité, en dépit de contextes historiques de précarisation de l’emploi. Les recherches et comparaisons internationales sur les rapports des jeunes au travail sont nombreuses, mais tendent à offrir une image peu diversifiée de la jeunesse. Cet article se focalise sur les spécificités des rapports au travail des jeunes en situation de vulnérabilité, ce qui conduit à interroger les processus par lesquels ils développent leur agentivité. En effet, l’analyse qualitative inductive et la mise en perspective internationale systématique d’entretiens individuels réalisés auprès de jeunes en situation de vulnérabilité sur le marché du travail (décrocheurs, immigrants, autochtones, ruraux, surqualifiés) au Québec et en France montrent que l’activité professionnelle reste importante pour eux et constitue une plaque tournante autour de laquelle la vie se structure et prend du sens. L’inactivité est très mal vécue par ces jeunes et provoque plutôt un positionnement critique vis-à-vis de l’aide sociale. De plus, s’ils sont fortement touchés par la précarité matérielle, et si l’aspect financier reste prédominant parmi les raisons les incitant à travailler, celui-ci touche toutefois des dimensions variées. Enfin, malgré de lourdes épreuves vécues, les jeunes décrivent plutôt avec pragmatisme et optimisme le marché du travail. Work plays an important role in the lives of both societies and individuals. It serves as both a means for social integration and a source of identity, notwithstanding historical contexts marked by precarious employment. Whereas much international research and many comparative studies have addressed young people’s relationship to work, the existing literature tends to paint a rather uniform picture of youth. This article begins with a focus on the unique aspects of the relationship to work among vulnerable youth, which leads to an exploration of the processes by which these individuals develop agency. Coupled with inductive qualitative analysis, the systematic international perspective provided by interviews conducted with vulnerable youth (dropouts, immigrants, Indigenous persons, rural residents, and overqualified individuals) in Quebec and France shows that labour market participation not only remains important to these youth but constitutes a hub around which their lives acquire structure and meaning. They experience inactivity very negatively and express strong criticism of social assistance. Although vulnerable youth are acutely affected by material insecurity and often cite the desire to earn money as a reason for working, financial considerations remain complex by involving a variety of dimensions. Finally, despite the hardships they experience, young people tend to describe the labour market in pragmatic and optimistic terms.

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    Authors: Achraf Ammar; Michael Brach; Khaled Trabelsi; Hamdi Chtourou; +53 Authors

    AbstractBackgroundPublic health recommendations and governmental measures during the COVID-19 pandemic have enforced numerous restrictions on daily living including social distancing, isolation and home confinement. While these measures are imperative to abate the spreading of COVID-19, the impact of these restrictions on health behaviours and lifestyle at home is undefined. Therefore, an international online survey was launched in April 2020 in seven languages to elucidate the behavioral and lifestyle consequences of COVID-19 restrictions. This report presents the preliminary results from the first thousand responders on physical activity (PA) and nutrition behaviours.MethodsThirty-five research organisations from Europe, North-Africa, Western Asia and the Americas promoted the survey through their networks to the general society, in English, German, French, Arabic, Spanish, Portugese, and Slovenian languages. Questions were presented in a differential format with questions related to responses “before” and “during” confinement conditions.Results1047 replies (54% women) from Asia (36%), Africa (40%), Europe (21%) and other (3%) were included into a general analysis. The COVID-19 home confinement had a negative effect on all intensities of PA (vigorous, moderate, walking and overall). Conversely, daily sitting time increased from 5 to 8 hours per day. Additionally, food consumption and meal patterns (the type of food, eating out of control, snacks between meals, number of meals) were more unhealthy during confinement with only alcohol binge drink decreasing significantly.ConclusionWhile isolation is a necessary measure to protect public health, our results indicate that it alters physical activity and eating behaviours in a direction that would compromise health. A more detailed analysis of survey data will allow for a segregation of these responses in different age groups, countries and other subgroups which will help develop bespoke interventions to mitigate the negative lifestyle behaviors manifest during the COVID-19 confinement.

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    https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643...
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    medRxiv
    Preprint . 2020
    HAL Paris Nanterre
    Preprint . 2020
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      https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643...
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      medRxiv
      Preprint . 2020
      HAL Paris Nanterre
      Preprint . 2020
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    Authors: Lindenbauer, Edith;

    This paper reports on a qualitative case study about the use of dynamic worksheets addressing typical difficulties and misconceptions concerning functional thinking. The dynamic worksheets designed in this project visualize the transfer between iconic situational and graphical representations and were utilized during an intervention with students in a 7th grade Austrian middle school class. In addition to observational data, diagnostic tests and interviews regarding students’ conceptions in the field of functional thinking were conducted. The case study particularly pays attention to the intuitive conceptions of students, the influence of the dynamic worksheets on these conceptions, and whether or not these materials are able to support students in developing appropriate mathematical conceptions. In this paper, an overview of the study and the part of the results related to students’ use of dynamic worksheets are presented.

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    Other literature type . 2019
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      Hal-Diderot
      Other literature type . 2019
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    Authors: Jean Slawinski; Julien Louis; Julien Poli; Eve Tiollier; +2 Authors

    Abstract Fatigue modifies the kinematics of various sports-related movements. Basketball induces fatigue, however, the effects of fatigue on the kinematics of shooting have never been studied. This study analysed the effects of fatigue induced by repeated sprints on the kinematics of 3-point shooting (3PS) in young, elite basketball players (U18 level). 3D joint angles were calculated at the maximum and minimum heights of the centre of mass during 3PS, using inertial measurement units (Biomech system, Xsens Technologies BV, Enschede, The Netherlands). Height, velocity and the angle of the ball at the time of release were extrapolated from the wrist joint angles. All players performed four 3PS actions in dynamic conditions before and after a fatigue protocol at 70% of their maximal exercise capacity. The fatigue protocol consisted of a shuttle test with repeated 20-m sprints interspersed with sets of 5 jumps. There was no change in the kinematics of 3PS (p > 0.05), or the ball release variables (p > 0.05) following the fatigue protocol. This suggests that elite basketball players are able to cope with physical fatigue while performing coordinated movements such as 3PS.

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    Journal of Human Kinetics
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    Authors: Lyall, Andrea; Nelson, Harry; Rosenblum, Daisy; Turin, Mark;

    International audience; This paper describes the process and outcomes of a project focused on community centred reclamation of plant-based knowledge in the Kwak̓wala language from previously published materials as well as new documentation with Kwak̓wala speaking Elders. The paper describes our research process resulting in the documentation of 300 plant word names and phrases, starting with 135 plants with names and words in Kwak̓wala that had been documented between the late 19th and early 20th century by Franz Boas and George Hunt, subsequently added to and enriched by community members and academics. An audio-visual dictionary of these plant names and associated phrases is now available through the FirstVoices web portal (http://bit.ly/LDC_FirstVoices). The corresponding author initiated the work and then further developed the research in collaboration with Kwakwa̱ka̱’wakw fluent speakers, linguists, biologists, and the U’mista Cultural Society. The project has stimulated interest among community members who provided valuable feedback on the different ways in which this research can be further accessed and then delivered. The paper concludes with some structured reflections on how to proceed in community-led research projects such as this. The authors see further opportunity for continued cross-disciplinary and community-based research.

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