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La réflexion ici développée est tournée vers une analyse approfondie du profil artistique de Perréal par laquelle on cherchera à délimiter l'environnement historique dans lequel son expérience culturelle s'enracine et à montrer ainsi l'importance de sa production dans le portrait privé. Avec certitude, on sait qu'il se rend à Milan en 1499, pour l'entrée solennelle de Louis XII; visite historique durant laquelle il entre en contact avec Léonard désireux d'apprendre la technique de la couleur « a secco ». Les motivations exprimées dans l'art de ce dernier sont plutôt à rechercher dans la combinaison d'influences diverses dont il prit l'essence dans un exercice de réélaboration de modèles nordiques vers une direction lombarde où l'artiste démontra sa capacité à dominer la double origine de son style. Des rapports entre l'artiste lyonnais et les Flandres, il en est fait mention même dans l'historiographie du XIXe siècle, où l'hypothèse d'un séjour à Bruges de Perréal pour se perfectionner dans la peinture à l'huile a été émise.

International audience

Consider a project consisting of a set of n operations to be performed. Some pairs {j,j′} of operations are incompatible, which can have two different meanings. On the one hand, it can be allowed to perform j and j′ at common time periods. In such a case, incompatibility costs are encountered and penalized in the objective function. On the other hand, it can be strictly forbidden to perform j and j′ concurrently. In such a case, the overall project duration has to be minimized. In this paper, three project scheduling problems (P 1), (P 2) and (P 3) are considered. It will be showed that tabu search relying on graph coloring models is a very competitive method for such problems. The overall approach is called graph coloring tabu search and denoted GCTS.

International audience; We study how elementary school pupils give sense to the moves of a mobile robot in a mathematical game. The game consists in choosing 3 numbers out of 6, whose sum is a given target number. The robot moves on a game board have been implemented to provide pupils with a tangible feedback about their answer. We have studied strategies of pupils to solve the problem and their evolution. Our methodology included interviews, aloud verbalization and video observations of 28 pupils in grade 1 and 2 while they are playing. The pursuit of a mastery goal encourages a trial and error strategy for only some of the pupils. We conclude that some aspects of the moves of the robot, like its position, are perceived as a form of help and not as a threat, even if they are only partially understood.

The social design approach presented in this chapter was developed to ensure that the new smart living lab building includes not only sus- tainable environmental and economic aspects, but also social aspects. By better understand- ing the preferences and attitudes of its future occupants and the three founding institutions, the team will be able to successfully incorpo- rate the former in the design process.