• Publicationsclose
• Research softwareclose
• 2018-2022close
• Part of book or chapter of book close
• CH close
• Hyper Article en Ligne close
• Hyper Article en Ligne - Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société close

International audience

International audience

Part 6: Industry 4.0 - Smart Factory; International audience; The current industrial revolution is said to be driven by the digitization that exploits connected information across all aspects of manufacturing. Standards have been recognized as an important enabler. Ontology-based information standard may provide benefits not offered by current information standards. Although there have been ontologies developed in the industrial manufacturing domain, they have been fragmented and inconsistent, and little has received a standard status. With successes in developing coherent ontologies in the biological, biomedical, and financial domains, an effort called Industrial Ontologies Foundry (IOF) has been formed to pursue the same goal for the industrial manufacturing domain. However, developing a coherent ontology covering the entire industrial manufacturing domain has been known to be a mountainous challenge because of the multidisciplinary nature of manufacturing. To manage the scope and expectations, the IOF community kicked-off its effort with a proof-of-concept (POC) project. This paper describes the developments within the project. It also provides a brief update on the IOF organizational set up.

International audience; During the nineteenth century, free trade and financial integration contributed to what is often referred to as the first globalization wave (1820-1914) (Flandreau, 2013; Flandreau & Zumer, 2004; Mauro et al., 2006). As creditors began to expand the reach of their operations by investing in the bonds of foreign nations, sometime from overseas, lending became more perilous. For instance, British investors often knew little about the Latin American countries whose bonds they were purchasing.¹ Nineteenth-century cross-border lending exemplifies the problem of information asymmetries familiar to economists (Stiglitz, 2000). In this case, uncertainties were compounded by the fact that lenders in the sovereign sector could not mitigate default risk by collateralizing their loans: as a rule, ownership of public assets cannot be transferred to foreigners. To reduce the anxiety of long-distance investing, investors began to seek information pertaining to the trust and credit profile of foreign borrowers. Since investors did not always possess sufficient organizational capabilities and resources to examine the facts, risk analysis was delegated to intermediaries, in particular merchant banks. As informational third parties, merchant banks performed the important function of certifying the credit of debtors, thus providing a practicable solution to the problem of uncertainty in sovereign lending (Flandreau & Flores, 2009). Such banks owned a 'brand' that could grant borrowing states market access on more favourable terms. Gradually, the notion of creditworthiness became cardinal in international lending and borrowing. Technologies of risk assessment played a cardinal role in the building of nineteenth-century debt markets (Carruthers, 2013). The tools of risk analysis which have become so ubiquitous recently can be traced back to the nineteenth ¹ The controversy about Poyais provides a good testimony of how difficult it was for creditors to invest abroad without reliable information to rely on. Poyais, as it turned out, was a fictitious country (Clavel, 2020).

International audience; This paper introduces to Class-Card, a role-playing simulation allowing pre-service teachers to experience a large part of the instructional process, from planning, to post-active phases. The players first have to perform a cognitive analysis of the learning tasks of a lesson, then they are faced with disruptive events they react on, guided by theoretically-sound frameworks. We examined seven pre-service teacher students using Class-Card on five simulations. The results show that participants were engaged in rich decisions and verbal interactions about the events they were faced to. We contend that Class-Card is a promising way to attenuate the "reality-shock" novice teachers experience and help them build professional knowledge.

1. Le recrutement des apprenti-e-s du point de vue des formateurs et formatrices en entreprise En Suisse, la formation professionnelle initiale duale, qui alterne formation en école (un à deux jours) et en entreprise (trois à quatre jours), est la voie la plus fréquentée par les jeunes sortant de l’école obligatoire (SEFRI, 2019). Le recrutement, très peu régulé par l’Etat (Imdorf, 2018), comme en France, il est largement laissé à la charge des entreprises formatrices. Les logiques de recrut...

International audience; Building accurate knowledge of the identity, the geographic distribution and the evolution of species is essential for the sustainable development of humanity, as well as for biodiversity conservation. However, the difficulty of identifying plants and animals in the field is hindering the aggregation of new data and knowledge. Identifying and naming living plants or animals is almost impossible for the general public and is often difficult even for professionals and naturalists. Bridging this gap is a key step towards enabling effective biodiversity monitoring systems. The LifeCLEF campaign, presented in this paper, has been promoting and evaluating advances in this domain since 2011. The 2020 edition proposes four data-oriented challenges related to the identification and prediction of biodiversity: (i) PlantCLEF: cross-domain plant identification based on herbarium sheets, (ii) BirdCLEF: bird species recognition in audio soundscapes, (iii) GeoLifeCLEF: location-based prediction of species based on environmental and occurrence data, and (iv) SnakeCLEF: image-based snake identification.

International audience; Polymicrogyria (PMG) is one of the most common malformations of cortical development (MCDs), with epilepsy affecting most patients. PMG-related drug-resistant epilepsy patients can be considered for surgery in well-selected cases. In this context, a comprehensive presurgical evaluation, often including stereo electroencephalography, is warranted to accurately delineate the epileptogenic zone. The heterogeneity of intrinsic epileptogenicity in the PMG, together with the additional or predominant involvement of remote cortical areas, calls for a different strategy in PMG compared with other MCDs, one that is not predominantly MRI- but rather SEEG-oriented. Favourable results in terms of seizure freedom and antiepileptic drug cessation are feasible in a large proportion of patients with unilateral PMG. PMG extent should not exclude the possibility of epilepsy surgery. On the other hand, patients with hemispheric PMG can be excellent hemispherotomy candidates, particularly in the presence of contralateral hemiparesis. Recent findings support early consideration of surgery in PMG-related drug-resistant epilepsy.

Part 5: MAKE Explainable AI; International audience; Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) lack an explanation capability in the form of propositional rules. In this work we define a simple CNN architecture having a unique convolutional layer, then a Max-Pool layer followed by a full connected layer. Rule extraction is performed after the Max-Pool layer with the use of the Discretized Interpretable Multi Layer Perceptron (DIMLP). The antecedents of the extracted rules represent responses of convolutional filters, which are difficult to understand. However, we show in a sentiment analysis problem that from these “meaningless” values it is possible to obtain rules that represent relevant words in the antecedents. The experiments illustrate several examples of rules that represent n-grams.

The European MAPA (Multilingual Anonymisation for Public Administrations) project aims at developing an open-source solution for automatic de-identification of medical and legal documents. We introduce here the context, partners and aims of the project, and report on preliminary results. Peer Reviewed "Article signat per 30 autors/es: Lucie Gianola, Ēriks Ajausks, Victoria Arranz, Chomicha Bendahman, Laurent Bié, Claudia Borg, Aleix Cerdà, Khalid Choukri, Montse Cuadros, Ona De Gibert, Hans Degroote, Elena Edelman, Thierry Etchegoyhen, Ángela Franco Torres, Mercedes García Hernandez, Aitor García Pablos, Albert Gatt, Cyril Grouin, Manuel Herranz, Alejandro Adolfo Kohan, Thomas Lavergne, Maite Melero, Patrick Paroubek, Mickaël Rigault, Mike Rosner, Roberts Rozis, Lonneke Van Der Plas, Rinalds Vīksna, Pierre Zweigenbaum"