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International audience; Purpose of Review We reviewed the occurrence of outbreaks at past Olympics and discuss the threat of the COVID-19 pandemic at the Tokyo Games. Recent Findings Evidence for large respiratory tract infection outbreaks at past Olympics is scant. Nevertheless, in order to control the spread of the COVID-19 outbreak, the Tokyo 2020 Olympics were postponed for 2021. Given the high contagiousness of the disease and the epidemiology of COVID-19 in Japan, this decision was appropriate and important in order to safeguard athletes and the public. However, it is a major problem for Japan, involving massive financial losses and a lost opportunity for athletes, coaches, and instructors. Up-to-date epidemiological data is needed on which to base an appropriate decision regarding the Tokyo 2021 Olympics. The actual effect of cancellations of such events in reducing the spread of COVID-19 needs to be determined.

International audience; The articles in this special issue address the role of computing in battling with the COVID-19 pandemic. We are currently dealing with a third wave of the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. Cases are spiking in most European countries, Canada, and the United States. The number of reported cases has reached 55 million worldwide, and over 1.3 million people have died.

Article paru dans Peer Community in Evolutionary Biology; International audience; A recommendation – based on reviews by Luca Ferretti and two anonymous reviewers – of the article: Danesh, G., Elie, B., Michalakis, Y., Sofonea, M. T., Bal, A., Behillil, S., Destras, G., Boutolleau, D., Burrel, S., Marcelin, A.-G., Plantier, J.-C., Thibault, V., Simon-Loriere, E., van der Werf, S., Lina, B., Josset, L., Enouf, V. and Alizon, S. and the COVID SMIT PSL group (2020) Early phylodynamics analysis of the COVID-19 epidemic in France. medRxiv, 2020.06.03.20119925, ver. 3 peer-reviewed and recommended by PCI Evolutionary Biology. doi: 10.1101/2020.06.03.20119925

International audience; Understanding the replication machinery of viruses contributes to suggest and try effective antiviral strategies. Exhaustive knowledge about the proteins structure, their function, or their interaction is one of the preconditions for successfully modeling it. In this context, modeling methods based on a formal representation with a high semantic expressiveness would be relevant to extract proteins and their nucleotide or amino acid sequences as an element from the replication process. Consequently, our approach relies on the use of semantic technologies to design the SARS-CoV-2 replication machinery. This provides the ability to infer new knowledge related to each step of the virus replication. More specifically, we developed an ontology-based approach enriched with reasoning process of a complete replication machinery process for SARS-CoV-2. We present in this paper a partial overview of our ontology OntoRepliCov to describe one step of this process, namely, the continuous translation or protein synthesis, through classes, properties, axioms, and SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Language) rules.

In late 2019, an epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 broke out in central China. Within a few months, this new virus had spread right across the globe, officially being classified as a pandemic on 11 March 2020. In France, which was also being affected by the virus, the government applied specific epidemiological management strategies and introduced unprecedented public health measures. This article describes the outbreak management system that was applied within the French military and, more specifically, analyzes an outbreak of COVID-19 that occurred on board a nuclear aircraft carrier. We applied the AcciMap systemic analysis approach to understand the course of events that led to the outbreak and identify the relevant human and organizational failures. Results highlight causal factors at several levels of the outbreak management system. They reveal problems with the benchmarks used for diagnosis and decision-making, and underscore the importance of good communication between different levels. We discuss ways of improving epidemiological management in military context.

Covid-19, climate change, flash floods, heat waves, wildfires: the present contribution originates at a moment in history when emergencies and their retinue of emergency measures proliferate, supersede and worsen (less often improve) each other, and when the side effects of one inform and transform our perceptions of the other. Between the environmental consequences of the current disease outbreak, its economic impacts on clean energy transition and the increased frequency of natural disaster...

Author(s): Laffoley, Dan; Baxter, John M; Amon, Diva J; Claudet, Joachim; Hall-Spencer, Jason M; Grorud-Colvert, Kirsten; Levin, Lisa A; Reid, P Chris; Rogers, Alex D; Taylor, Michelle L; Woodall, Lucy C; Andersen, Natalie F

Le virus SARS-CoV-2 est responsable d’une maladie épidémique dénommée COVID-19 initialement mise en évidence à Wuhan (Chine) et qui s’est propagée très rapidement en Chine puis dans le monde entier. En France, le premier cas isolé semble être signalé dès la fin du mois de décembre2019, le stade 3 de l’épidémie a été déclenché le 14 mars 2020 et la sortie progressive du confinement est prévue à partir du 11 mai 2020. Les services de soins ont fait face à un afflux massif de patients pouvant déborder leurs capacités d’accueil et de prise en charge, notamment dans les régions Grand-Est et Ile-de-France. Certains patients présentent une évolution de la maladie encore jamais observée avec les coronavirus et développent en quelques jours une réaction inflammatoire très importante, pouvant mener au décès. Un groupe de travail de la Société française de biologie clinique (SFBC) s’est constitué, ayant pour objectif de faire le point sur les prescriptions biologiques et leur évolution au cours de l’épidémie, d’analyser les paramètres biologiques, avec un focus biochimique, associés aux comorbidités et à l’évolution du patient, dans le but de relier les résultats biologiques avec des évènements du parcours de soins du patient. Ce groupe de travail recouvre tous les secteurs publics (CHU, CH, Hôpitaux d’instruction des armées) et privés de la biologie médicale en France métropolitaine et ultra-marine ; il s’étend également à la francophonie. Il permet une vision large sur la situation biologique en milieu hospitalier, établissements d’hébergements de personnes âgées dépendantes (Ehpad), établissements médicaux sociaux (EMS) et en cliniques. Le but de cet article est la présentation de ce groupe de travail et ses actions immédiates et à venir. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is responsible for an epidemic disease called COVID-19, which was initially evidenced in Wuhan, China, and spread very rapidly in China and around the world. In France, the first isolated case seems now to be reported in December 2019, stage 3 of the COVID-19 epidemic was triggered on March 14(th), the start of the planned containment exit from May 11(th). Healthcare services have faced a large influx of patients who may be beyond their capacity to receive and care, particularly in the Large-East and Ile-de-France regions. Some patients show an evolution of the disease never observed before with other coronaviruses and develop in a few days a very important inflammatory reaction, which can lead to death of patients. A working group of the French Society of Clinical Biology (SFBC) was set up with the objective of providing updated information on the current status of the biological prescriptions (focusing on biochemistry ones) and their evolution during the epidemic, and of analyzing the biological parameters associated with comorbidities and patient evolution in order to link biological results with medical events. The expanded working group covers all sectors of medical biology in France and extends to the French-speaking world: hospital sectors (CHU and CH, Army Training Hospitals) and the private sector opening a field of view on the biological situation in establishments for dependent elderly, social establishments and clinical medical institutions. The purpose of this article is the presentation of this working group and its immediate and future actions.

This essay explores the pedagogical and artistic consequences of the COVID crisis on the “Filming Theatre” MA course at the University of Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3, in which students have to create short videos from Shakespeare’s plays. Cet article examine les conséquences du COVID, en matière pédagogique et artistique, sur le cours « Filmer le théâtre » du Master Cinéma à l’université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3, cours dans lequel les étudiants et étudiantes doivent réaliser de brèves vidéos à partir des pièces de Shakespeare.

International audience; Background: Understanding SARS-CoV-2 dynamics and transmission is a serious issue. Its propagation needs to be modeled and controlled. The Alsace region in the East of France has been among the first French COVID-19 clusters in 2020. Methods: We confront evidence from three independent and retrospective sources: a population-based survey through internet, an analysis of the medical records from hospital emergency care services, and a review of medical biology laboratory data. We also check the role played in virus propagation by a large religious meeting that gathered over 2000 participants from all over France mid-February in Mulhouse. Results: Our results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 was circulating several weeks before the first officially recognized case in Alsace on 26 February 2020 and the sanitary alert on 3 March 2020. The religious gathering seems to have played a role for secondary dissemination of the epidemic in France, but not in creating the local outbreak. Conclusions: Our results illustrate how the integration of data coming from multiple sources could help trigger an early alarm in the context of an emerging disease. Good information data systems, able to produce earlier alerts, could have avoided a general lockdown in France.