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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Hubainé Tóth, Eszter;
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    Authors: Vasdinyei, Rita;
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Lőrincz, Noémi Szilvia;

    The purpose of the thesis is to analyze how the automotive manufacturing companies being active in Hungary operate in global value chains, with a particular focus on suppliers. Although the topic of GVC is widespread and discussed in international literature, there is a gap in relation to the Hungarian automotive manufacturing industry, especially in the current situation when the COVID-19 pandemic affects the operation of the multinational enterprises. The main identified research question is the following: What is the value creation of the automotive manufacturing industry in Hungary within global value chain? The research process started with a comprehensive literature review and theoretical background analysis about the GVC concept (including the introduction of ‘Smile-curve’) and FDI investment in Central and Eastern Europe (including the characterization of near-shoring activities) and continued with conducting a sample survey and semi-structured interviews with the key car parts suppliers. Executive board, managerial level and engineers were the target persons both for the survey and for interviews. Based on the literature review, I formulated two hypotheses: 1. The theory of ‘Smile curve’ is also valid in case of the Hungarian automotive manufacturing industry, typically low value-added production processes take place in the country. 2. In addition to the central location, the cheap and skilled Hungarian labour was the most important factor in the near-shoring activities of multinational companies expanding to Hungary. In order to be able to accept or reject the first hypothesis about the relevance of the so called ‘Smile curve’ in the Hungarian automotive manufacturing industry, to define position of the automotive manufacturer companies being active in Hungary in the global automotive manufacturing value chain and to create an in-depth understanding about investment incentives of the Western European firms in the country, I prepared an online survey. To test my second hypothesis about the reasons of near-shoring activity in Hungary, I conducted 3 interviews with industry experts from TIER 1 companies of different size. The targeted automotive parts manufacturers are all suppliers of the 5 OEMs present in Hungary (Audi, BMW, Mercedes, Opel and Suzuki) among others. The new results of the doctoral dissertation are the following: I can reject the first hypothesis about the relevance of ‘Smile curve’ in the Hungarian automotive manufacturing industry, because beside manufacturing activities with low added value typically, also research and development activities take place at bigger multinational companies with higher added value. I can accept the second hypothesis about near-shoring in Hungary, because beside the ‘proximity to export markets’, the cheap but skilled labour was decisive when multinationals decided to invest in the country. The ‘positive support system’, ‘favourable tax conditions’, ‘government policy’ and ‘proximity to HQ’ were aspects that companies used, but they are rather neutral factors. The ‘good infrastructure’ is not so good in the real life and the ‘cheap raw material’ is not cheap, because firms have to deal with world market prices, thus, these were not attractive to investors. Further results about the business operations of the analyzed supplier companies: The purchasing decisions for the Hungarian production happens locally decisively, either independently or with involving the headquarter. The manufactured products are typically drive chains, body parts and electric sensors and the proportion of products designated by OEMs is rather high. Western Europe is the biggest export market of the companies analysed, followed by China, North-America and the Central Eastern European region. Relocation processes are not characteristic of the firms. If so, only from other country to Hungary and it is also determined by OEMs providing new opportunities for them. In some cases, wage costs and logistics also play a role in the relocation process. Electromobility and autonomous driving are the most affecting trends in the automotive manufacturing industry. The semiconductor shortage as a serious downside risk is also the result of the pandemic. The effects of COVID-19 are becoming less pronounced today, but the semiconductor crisis is continuing. Favourable tax conditions and higher value added are the success criteria that will help the Hungarian automotive manufacturing industry to remain competitive in the future. Professional trainings, more support for SMEs and favourable legal conditions are also important aspects. Today, the CEE region, including Hungary is a net exporter of knowledge-intensive goods. To improve its global competitiveness and to be able to move into higher-value-added goods and services, the region should invest more in R&D, infrastructure, education and collaboration between companies and universities. The key players in the automotive part manufacturing has realized that value added is a very important factor in the success of an industry and it can be increased due to investment in research and development and innovation. As revealed by the research, they have already established R&D centers and joint projects with universities (e.g. departments), so companies are well on their way to producing higher added value.

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    Authors: Elekes, Györgyi Margit;

    A dolgozat a magyarországi cigányság társadalmi integrálódásának lehetőségeit vizsgálja. A munka arra tesz kísérletet, hogy az interdiszciplinaritás kínálta elemzései szempontokkal mutassa be a sikeres integrálódás lehetséges okait, és egyúttal megvizsgálja azt is, hogy mely tényezők játszanak szerepet e társadalmi csoport gyakran sikertelen integrálódásában. Az ezzel kapcsolatos hatások meglehetősen sokrétűek. A kutatók körében konszenzus van a tekintetben, hogy a magyarországi cigányság társadalmi integrációjának egyik akadálya e társadalmi csoport alacsony iskolai végzettsége. Ebből adódóan a dolgozat részletesen foglalkozik az iskola kínálta mobilitással, és sorra veszi azokat a tényezőket, amely sok esetben sikertelenné teszik a cigány tanulók iskolai mobilitását és sikeres társadalmi integrálódását. Az iskolai sikeresség vizsgálata kapcsán a dolgozat megkísérli feltérképezni a romák tágabb szociokulturális környezetét, amely sok vonatkozásban kondicionálja a társadalmi integrálódás lehetőségét.

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    Authors: Nemes, Tamás;
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    Authors: Vicsek, Lilla Mária;
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    Authors: Szabóné Erdélyi, Éva;
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    Authors: Hargita, Eszter;
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    Authors: Hajdú, András;

    2015-ben új radikális jobboldali képviselőcsoport (Europe of Nations and Freedom, ENF) alakult az Európai Parlamentben, amely típusú frakció léte a korábbi ciklusokban különleges helyzetnek számított az intézmény működésében. Korábban a politikatudományban is az az álláspont uralkodott, hogy hosszútávon ilyen típusú kooperáció nem lehet sikeres (Almeida, 2010; Mudde, 2007:172-181; Startin, 2010) az EP-ben. Az új frakció azonban a korábbi kísérleteknél szorosabb, hosszabb távú és intézményi környezetben is megjelenő együttműködéssé vált. Létrehozását még 2013-ban kezdeményezte Marine Le Pen, a francia Nemzeti Front (Front National, FN) és Geert Wilders, a holland Szabadságpárt (Partij voor de Vrijheid, PVV) elnöke. Előbbi pártot a szakirodalom a radikális jobboldal prototípusának tekinti (Kitschelt – McGann, 1995; Rydgren, 2005; Hainsworth, 2008), Wilders azonban a legnagyobb holland liberális párt (Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie, VVD) politikusa volt korábban. A disszertáció kutatási kérdése az volt, hogy mi az, ami összeköti a rendkívül ellentétes előélettel rendelkező, rendkívül különböző nemzeti politikai környezetben tevékenykedő radikális jobboldali pártokat. A kutatás módszertani alapját a legkülönbözőbb esetek elve (most different cases) adta, amelyet követve a 2015-2019 között létező ENF-frakció 2017-ben nemzeti parlamenti választáson induló pártjait hasonlítottam össze: az FN és PVV párosa kiegészült az Osztrák Szabadságpárttal (Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs, FPÖ), továbbá kontrollesetként az Alternatíva Németországért (Alternative für Deutschland, AfD) párttal. A dolgozat elméleti alapját a törésvonalakra épülő politikai struktúra, pártrendszer, valamint a pártcsalád fogalma képezte. A négy párt programjaiban egy komparatív kutatás keretében azt vizsgáltam meg, hogy milyen reakciót adnak az európai politikai életet átalakító négy folyamatra: az európai integrációra, a migrációra, a gazdasági átalakulásra és a reurbanizációra. Ezt egészítette ki a négy párt politikai elitjének elemzése, a rájuk vonatkozó adatok és következtetések összevetése a szakirodalomban elfogadott álláspontokkal, ami segítette annak megértését, hogy mennyire mélyek azok a politikai konfliktusok, amelyeket a radikális jobboldali pártok megjelenítenek, mennyire fejezik ki a klasszikus és új törésvonalakat. Bartolini és Mair (1990), valamint Róna (2008) definícióját követve azokat a politikai konfliktusokat tekintettem törésvonalnak, amelyek empirikus (tartós szociodemográfiai különbségek a szavazótáborok között), normatív (társadalmi csoportok adott konfliktussal kapcsolatos értékei is markánsan különböznek) és szervezeti (a pártok elitjének szociokulturális jellege megfelel a pártok konfliktusban elfoglalt helyzetének) szinten egyaránt azonosíthatóak. A törésvonalak segítségével leírhatók azok a strukturális változások, amelyek befolyásolják a pártok működését. Kutatásom konklúziója, hogy a négy párt a nemzeti szuverenitást érő globális kihívásokat, az új társadalmi konfliktusokat nemzeti hatáskörben, lokális megoldásokkal tartja a leghatékonyabban kezelhetőnek. Ennek értelmében a nemzetállamot kell megerősíteni és átalakítani annak érdekében, hogy ismét képes legyen nemzetépítési projektet végrehajtani, a korábbi, válságjelenségekkel küzdő, átalakuló és széteső keretek helyére új közösséget építeni. Ez az új, nemzetállami szerepet felértékelő, a nemzetállamot mint politikai közösséget újjáépíteni kívánó politika képezi az új nacionalizmus ideológiai alapját. Az újdonságot a nemzeti szuverenitás központi kérdéssé emelése jelenti, amely központi ügyként (omnibus issue) hat át minden közpolitikai területet. A nacionalista politika összetettsége (Tamir, 2019) teszi lehetővé, hogy a vizsgált pártok komplex társadalmi változásokra adott válaszaihoz a nacionalizmus biztosít hátteret. A nemzeti szuverenitást hirdető politikusok többsége az utóbbi évtizedekben a mainstream pártok perifériájára sodródott, ami hozzájárult ahhoz, hogy a hagyományos kormányzó pártok álláspontja uniformizálttá vált a fentebb tárgyalt témákban. A disszertáció keretében vizsgált pártok politikai programját viszont az állam által végrehajthatónak vélt nemzetépítés gondolata szervezi rendszerré, ami ráadásul egyre kevésbé találkozik riválissal a nyugat-európai pártok és politikai eszmei kérdésekkel foglalkozó műhelyek részéről.

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    Authors: Bene, Márton Ákos;

    A közösségi oldalak a politika fontos terepeivé váltak. A pártok és politikusok aktívan használják e platformokat, különösen a legnépszerűbb közösségi oldalt, a Facebookot. A politikusok közösségi oldalakon folytatott tevékenységével foglalkozó szakirodalom főárama azonban arra a következtetésre jutott, hogy a közösségi média nem eredményezett jelentős változást a politika működésében. A disszertáció amellett érvel, hogy ez az eredmény abból fakad, hogy a szakirodalom empirikus fókusza túlságosan szűk, és a jelenséget a politikai kommunikáció tágabb kontextusától elszigetelten vizsgálja. ________ Social network sites have become important spheres of politics. Parties and politicians actively adopt these platform, most notably the most popular social network site, Facebook, for their communication. However, the mainstream literature on political actors’ social media use suggest that the emergence of social media does not result in major changes in politics. The diagnosis is “politics as usual” as it had been argued by the early literature on the connections between internet and politics (see, Margolis – Resnick, 2000). However, the dissertation argues that this conclusion is due to the fact that the empirical focus of the mainstream literature is too narrow, and the phenomenon under scrutiny is investigated in isolation from the wider context of and literature on political communication.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Hubainé Tóth, Eszter;
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    Authors: Vasdinyei, Rita;
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    Authors: Lőrincz, Noémi Szilvia;

    The purpose of the thesis is to analyze how the automotive manufacturing companies being active in Hungary operate in global value chains, with a particular focus on suppliers. Although the topic of GVC is widespread and discussed in international literature, there is a gap in relation to the Hungarian automotive manufacturing industry, especially in the current situation when the COVID-19 pandemic affects the operation of the multinational enterprises. The main identified research question is the following: What is the value creation of the automotive manufacturing industry in Hungary within global value chain? The research process started with a comprehensive literature review and theoretical background analysis about the GVC concept (including the introduction of ‘Smile-curve’) and FDI investment in Central and Eastern Europe (including the characterization of near-shoring activities) and continued with conducting a sample survey and semi-structured interviews with the key car parts suppliers. Executive board, managerial level and engineers were the target persons both for the survey and for interviews. Based on the literature review, I formulated two hypotheses: 1. The theory of ‘Smile curve’ is also valid in case of the Hungarian automotive manufacturing industry, typically low value-added production processes take place in the country. 2. In addition to the central location, the cheap and skilled Hungarian labour was the most important factor in the near-shoring activities of multinational companies expanding to Hungary. In order to be able to accept or reject the first hypothesis about the relevance of the so called ‘Smile curve’ in the Hungarian automotive manufacturing industry, to define position of the automotive manufacturer companies being active in Hungary in the global automotive manufacturing value chain and to create an in-depth understanding about investment incentives of the Western European firms in the country, I prepared an online survey. To test my second hypothesis about the reasons of near-shoring activity in Hungary, I conducted 3 interviews with industry experts from TIER 1 companies of different size. The targeted automotive parts manufacturers are all suppliers of the 5 OEMs present in Hungary (Audi, BMW, Mercedes, Opel and Suzuki) among others. The new results of the doctoral dissertation are the following: I can reject the first hypothesis about the relevance of ‘Smile curve’ in the Hungarian automotive manufacturing industry, because beside manufacturing activities with low added value typically, also research and development activities take place at bigger multinational companies with higher added value. I can accept the second hypothesis about near-shoring in Hungary, because beside the ‘proximity to export markets’, the cheap but skilled labour was decisive when multinationals decided to invest in the country. The ‘positive support system’, ‘favourable tax conditions’, ‘government policy’ and ‘proximity to HQ’ were aspects that companies used, but they are rather neutral factors. The ‘good infrastructure’ is not so good in the real life and the ‘cheap raw material’ is not cheap, because firms have to deal with world market prices, thus, these were not attractive to investors. Further results about the business operations of the analyzed supplier companies: The purchasing decisions for the Hungarian production happens locally decisively, either independently or with involving the headquarter. The manufactured products are typically drive chains, body parts and electric sensors and the proportion of products designated by OEMs is rather high. Western Europe is the biggest export market of the companies analysed, followed by China, North-America and the Central Eastern European region. Relocation processes are not characteristic of the firms. If so, only from other country to Hungary and it is also determined by OEMs providing new opportunities for them. In some cases, wage costs and logistics also play a role in the relocation process. Electromobility and autonomous driving are the most affecting trends in the automotive manufacturing industry. The semiconductor shortage as a serious downside risk is also the result of the pandemic. The effects of COVID-19 are becoming less pronounced today, but the semiconductor crisis is continuing. Favourable tax conditions and higher value added are the success criteria that will help the Hungarian automotive manufacturing industry to remain competitive in the future. Professional trainings, more support for SMEs and favourable legal conditions are also important aspects. Today, the CEE region, including Hungary is a net exporter of knowledge-intensive goods. To improve its global competitiveness and to be able to move into higher-value-added goods and services, the region should invest more in R&D, infrastructure, education and collaboration between companies and universities. The key players in the automotive part manufacturing has realized that value added is a very important factor in the success of an industry and it can be increased due to investment in research and development and innovation. As revealed by the research, they have already established R&D centers and joint projects with universities (e.g. departments), so companies are well on their way to producing higher added value.

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    Authors: Elekes, Györgyi Margit;

    A dolgozat a magyarországi cigányság társadalmi integrálódásának lehetőségeit vizsgálja. A munka arra tesz kísérletet, hogy az interdiszciplinaritás kínálta elemzései szempontokkal mutassa be a sikeres integrálódás lehetséges okait, és egyúttal megvizsgálja azt is, hogy mely tényezők játszanak szerepet e társadalmi csoport gyakran sikertelen integrálódásában. Az ezzel kapcsolatos hatások meglehetősen sokrétűek. A kutatók körében konszenzus van a tekintetben, hogy a magyarországi cigányság társadalmi integrációjának egyik akadálya e társadalmi csoport alacsony iskolai végzettsége. Ebből adódóan a dolgozat részletesen foglalkozik az iskola kínálta mobilitással, és sorra veszi azokat a tényezőket, amely sok esetben sikertelenné teszik a cigány tanulók iskolai mobilitását és sikeres társadalmi integrálódását. Az iskolai sikeresség vizsgálata kapcsán a dolgozat megkísérli feltérképezni a romák tágabb szociokulturális környezetét, amely sok vonatkozásban kondicionálja a társadalmi integrálódás lehetőségét.

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    Authors: Nemes, Tamás;
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    Authors: Vicsek, Lilla Mária;
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    Authors: Szabóné Erdélyi, Éva;
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    Authors: Hargita, Eszter;
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    Authors: Hajdú, András;

    2015-ben új radikális jobboldali képviselőcsoport (Europe of Nations and Freedom, ENF) alakult az Európai Parlamentben, amely típusú frakció léte a korábbi ciklusokban különleges helyzetnek számított az intézmény működésében. Korábban a politikatudományban is az az álláspont uralkodott, hogy hosszútávon ilyen típusú kooperáció nem lehet sikeres (Almeida, 2010; Mudde, 2007:172-181; Startin, 2010) az EP-ben. Az új frakció azonban a korábbi kísérleteknél szorosabb, hosszabb távú és intézményi környezetben is megjelenő együttműködéssé vált. Létrehozását még 2013-ban kezdeményezte Marine Le Pen, a francia Nemzeti Front (Front National, FN) és Geert Wilders, a holland Szabadságpárt (Partij voor de Vrijheid, PVV) elnöke. Előbbi pártot a szakirodalom a radikális jobboldal prototípusának tekinti (Kitschelt – McGann, 1995; Rydgren, 2005; Hainsworth, 2008), Wilders azonban a legnagyobb holland liberális párt (Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie, VVD) politikusa volt korábban. A disszertáció kutatási kérdése az volt, hogy mi az, ami összeköti a rendkívül ellentétes előélettel rendelkező, rendkívül különböző nemzeti politikai környezetben tevékenykedő radikális jobboldali pártokat. A kutatás módszertani alapját a legkülönbözőbb esetek elve (most different cases) adta, amelyet követve a 2015-2019 között létező ENF-frakció 2017-ben nemzeti parlamenti választáson induló pártjait hasonlítottam össze: az FN és PVV párosa kiegészült az Osztrák Szabadságpárttal (Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs, FPÖ), továbbá kontrollesetként az Alternatíva Németországért (Alternative für Deutschland, AfD) párttal. A dolgozat elméleti alapját a törésvonalakra épülő politikai struktúra, pártrendszer, valamint a pártcsalád fogalma képezte. A négy párt programjaiban egy komparatív kutatás keretében azt vizsgáltam meg, hogy milyen reakciót adnak az európai politikai életet átalakító négy folyamatra: az európai integrációra, a migrációra, a gazdasági átalakulásra és a reurbanizációra. Ezt egészítette ki a négy párt politikai elitjének elemzése, a rájuk vonatkozó adatok és következtetések összevetése a szakirodalomban elfogadott álláspontokkal, ami segítette annak megértését, hogy mennyire mélyek azok a politikai konfliktusok, amelyeket a radikális jobboldali pártok megjelenítenek, mennyire fejezik ki a klasszikus és új törésvonalakat. Bartolini és Mair (1990), valamint Róna (2008) definícióját követve azokat a politikai konfliktusokat tekintettem törésvonalnak, amelyek empirikus (tartós szociodemográfiai különbségek a szavazótáborok között), normatív (társadalmi csoportok adott konfliktussal kapcsolatos értékei is markánsan különböznek) és szervezeti (a pártok elitjének szociokulturális jellege megfelel a pártok konfliktusban elfoglalt helyzetének) szinten egyaránt azonosíthatóak. A törésvonalak segítségével leírhatók azok a strukturális változások, amelyek befolyásolják a pártok működését. Kutatásom konklúziója, hogy a négy párt a nemzeti szuverenitást érő globális kihívásokat, az új társadalmi konfliktusokat nemzeti hatáskörben, lokális megoldásokkal tartja a leghatékonyabban kezelhetőnek. Ennek értelmében a nemzetállamot kell megerősíteni és átalakítani annak érdekében, hogy ismét képes legyen nemzetépítési projektet végrehajtani, a korábbi, válságjelenségekkel küzdő, átalakuló és széteső keretek helyére új közösséget építeni. Ez az új, nemzetállami szerepet felértékelő, a nemzetállamot mint politikai közösséget újjáépíteni kívánó politika képezi az új nacionalizmus ideológiai alapját. Az újdonságot a nemzeti szuverenitás központi kérdéssé emelése jelenti, amely központi ügyként (omnibus issue) hat át minden közpolitikai területet. A nacionalista politika összetettsége (Tamir, 2019) teszi lehetővé, hogy a vizsgált pártok komplex társadalmi változásokra adott válaszaihoz a nacionalizmus biztosít hátteret. A nemzeti szuverenitást hirdető politikusok többsége az utóbbi évtizedekben a mainstream pártok perifériájára sodródott, ami hozzájárult ahhoz, hogy a hagyományos kormányzó pártok álláspontja uniformizálttá vált a fentebb tárgyalt témákban. A disszertáció keretében vizsgált pártok politikai programját viszont az állam által végrehajthatónak vélt nemzetépítés gondolata szervezi rendszerré, ami ráadásul egyre kevésbé találkozik riválissal a nyugat-európai pártok és politikai eszmei kérdésekkel foglalkozó műhelyek részéről.

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    Authors: Bene, Márton Ákos;

    A közösségi oldalak a politika fontos terepeivé váltak. A pártok és politikusok aktívan használják e platformokat, különösen a legnépszerűbb közösségi oldalt, a Facebookot. A politikusok közösségi oldalakon folytatott tevékenységével foglalkozó szakirodalom főárama azonban arra a következtetésre jutott, hogy a közösségi média nem eredményezett jelentős változást a politika működésében. A disszertáció amellett érvel, hogy ez az eredmény abból fakad, hogy a szakirodalom empirikus fókusza túlságosan szűk, és a jelenséget a politikai kommunikáció tágabb kontextusától elszigetelten vizsgálja. ________ Social network sites have become important spheres of politics. Parties and politicians actively adopt these platform, most notably the most popular social network site, Facebook, for their communication. However, the mainstream literature on political actors’ social media use suggest that the emergence of social media does not result in major changes in politics. The diagnosis is “politics as usual” as it had been argued by the early literature on the connections between internet and politics (see, Margolis – Resnick, 2000). However, the dissertation argues that this conclusion is due to the fact that the empirical focus of the mainstream literature is too narrow, and the phenomenon under scrutiny is investigated in isolation from the wider context of and literature on political communication.

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