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Es nuestro objetivo analizar las acciones de violencia en las que eran victimas las mujeres del Alto Minho, región situada al Norte de Portugal, durante el siglo XIX y la primera mitad del siglo XX. En consecuencia de una elevada emigración masculina, iniciada a finales del siglo XVIII y cuyo principal destino era Brasil, la mujer, además de gobernar la casa, empezó también a asumir un conjunto de tareas consideradas típica mente masculinas, obligándola a abandonar la seguridad del espacio doméstico, lo que, en consecuencia, le proporcionará nuevas formas de sociabilidad y el acceso a espacios que hasta entonces le eran prohibidos. It is our goal to analyze actions of violence that women were victims in the Alto Minho, region located in the North of Portugal, during the 19th and the first ha lf of the 20th century. As a result of high male emigration, which began ill the late eighteenth century and that had Brazil as main destination, the woman of Alto Min ho beyond the government of the house, also passed to assume a number of tasks viewed as typically male, forcing her to leave the seclusion of domestic space, which, therefore, it provided new forms of sociability and access to spaces that until now were banned to her.

Haus Tugendhat: the history of the house designed by Mies van der Rohe over its images info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

ABSTRACT: The concept of sustainable building is usually related to environmental characteristics although the social, economic and cultural indicators are of substantial importance. Any building level assessment method is complex and involves contradictory aspects; emphasizing the qualitative criteria only increases confusion. The R&D and standardization is thus concentrated to transparency and usability of the environmental methods. Other directions of research are aiming at performance-based design and methods to take regional and cultural aspects into account. In this paper, the perspectives of the sustainability assessment of a whole building are presented based on the state-of-the art, feasibility study on performance analysis and development of extended LCA for buildings. Based on the case studies of building sustainability assessment using various tools, the environmental indicators were shown to be often of lesser importance than the other, soft ones. At the end, will be presented and discussed the first steps in the development of a building sustainability assessment method for Portuguese residential buildings.

The gastronomic confraternities are a little studied reality, both in gastronomy and in relation to debates on heritage and tourism. In this work, we tried to look at this universe from two differ-ent registers. On the one hand, considering the general panorama of the gastronomic confraternity’s movement, listing and distinguishing the confraternities that formalized the inscription in federative instances. On the other hand, trying to attend to the dynamics of the different confraternities, as reflected in the magazine Nona Arte, digital publication created by the Portuguese Federation of Gastronomic Confraternities. As we shall see, issues such as the relationship between tradition and innovation or the debates around the heritage/tourism binomial, find in the world of gastronomic confraternities a relevant expression and that it is important to know As confrarias gastronómicas constituem uma realidade pouco estudada, quer no âmbito da gastronomia quer no que diz respeito aos debates sobre património e turismo. Neste trabalho, procurámos olhar esse universo partindo de dois registos distintos. Por um lado, considerando o panorama geral do movimento confrarial, elencando e distinguindo as confrarias que formalizaram a inscrição em instâncias federativas. Por outro lado, procurando atender à dinâmica das diferentes confrarias, tal como esta aparece refletida na revista Nona Arte, publicação digital criada pela Federação Portuguesa das Confrarias Gastronómicas. Como veremos, questões como as da relação entre tradição e inovação ou os debates em torno do binómio património/turismo, encontram no mundo das confrarias gastronómicas uma expressão relevante e que importa conhecer.

A incorporação de cinzas volantes (CV) em matrizes cimentícias tem sido frequentemente utilizada com objetivo de tornar a matriz mais resistente à ação dos cloretos. Por outro lado, sabe-se que o Ca(OH) existente na matriz é parcialmente consumido pelas reações pozolânicas, o que facilita o avanço da frente de carbonatação. Tendo em conta que a ação conjunta entre a carbonatação e a penetração de cloretos é uma realidade ainda pouco conhecida, especula-se sobre o comportamento da matriz face a esta ação combinada. Assim, este trabalho investiga a influência da presença de cloretos sobre a frente de carbonatação em argamassas contendo CV. Foram moldados provetes com 0% e 40% de substituição de cimento CEM I 42,5R por CV e relação água/ligante de 0,56 e 0,52, respetivamente. Após 90 dias de cura os provetes foram submetidos a ciclos de imersão/secagem por 56 dias. Metade dos provetes foi submetida ao seguinte ciclo: 2 dias em solução contendo NaCl (concentração igual a 3,5%); 12 dias em câmara de carbonatação (4% de teor de CO 2). A outra metade esteve: 2 dias em água destilada; 12 dias em câmara de carbonatação. Em seguida, a evolução da frente de carbonatação foi avaliada. Os resultados indicam que a presença de cloretos exerce influência sobre a carbonatação. Os provetes submetidos à ação exclusiva do CO2 apresentaram uma profundidade de carbonatação superior aquela apresentada pelos provetes submetidos à ação combinada. Este fato pode estar relacionado com alterações em propriedades da matriz que podem conduzir a um maior refinamento dos poros e com a presença do sal que pode conduzir ao preenchimento parcial dos poros e ao aumento no teor de humidade. Vol.1

Artigo publicado no Diário do Minho em 26-03-2011.

This paper presents the results of a Seminar / Workshop about simulation tools for energy performance evaluation of building?s architectural design that was organized in the University of Minho?s School of Architecture, located in Guimarães, North of Portugal. The theme of the Seminar / Workshop aims at sensitizing students to the importance of energy simulation as a tool to support the sustainable architecture design in early stages, introducing some simulation tools and giving examples of results obtained through them. The building envelope is the main element of control of gains and losses, and can be used to obtain passive and active energy gains. The reduction of weight in buildings by the introduction of lightweight construction systems and dry joints, using materials such as wood or steel, can contribute to eco-efficiency, in particular by reducing materials used on site, ease of transportation, assembly, reuse and recycling, but this reduction becomes complex in temperate climates due to the absence of thermal inertia. Lightweight constructions are generally characterized by reduced thermal inertia, which can result in a marked thermal oscillation and consequent increase in energy use. It is then necessary to compensate the lightness of the construction with well-weighted passive strategies: optimized thermal mass, increased insulation in the envelope, controlled ventilation, shading, well-oriented glazing, etc.). The simulation tools allow optimizing the passive strategies onto their limits in the design stage. Este artigo apresenta os resultados de um workshop organizado na Escola de Arquitetura da Universidade do Minho, localizada em Guimarães, norte de Portugal. O tema do Seminário / Workshop visa sensibilizar para a importância da simulação energética como uma ferramenta para apoiar o projeto de arquitetura sustentável, introduzindo algumas ferramentas de simulação e dando exemplos de resultados obtidos através destas. A envolvente do edifício é o principal elemento de controle de ganhos e perdas e pode ser usada para obter ganhos de energia passiva e ativa. A redução de peso nas construções pela introdução de sistemas leves de construção e junta seca, utilizando materiais como madeira ou aço, pode contribuir para a eco -eficiência, em particular pela redução de materiais utilizados no local, facilidade de transporte, montagem, reutilização e reciclagem, mas essa redução torna-se complexa em climas temperados devido à ausência de inércia térmica. As construções leves são geralmente car aterizadas por inércia térmica reduzida, o que pode resultar numa oscilação térmica acentuada e consequente aumento no consumo de energia. É então necessário compensar a leveza da construção com estratégias passivas bem ponderadas: massa térmica otimizada, aumento do isolamento na envolvente, ventilação controlada, sombreamento, envidraçados bem orientados, etc.). As ferramentas de simulação permitem otimizar as estratégias passivas até aos seus limites em fase de projeto

Introduction: The international research project IEA EBC Annex 72 investigates the life cycle related environmental impacts caused by buildings. The project aims inter alia to harmonise LCA approaches on buildings. Methods: To identify major commonalities and discrepancies among national LCA approaches, reference buildings were defined to present and compare the national approaches. A residential high-rise building located in Tianjin, China, was selected as one of the reference buildings. The main construction elements are reinforced concrete shear walls, beams and floor slabs. The building has an energy reference area of 4566 m2 and an operational heating energy demand of 250 MJ/m2a. An expert team provided information on the quantities of building materials and elements required for the construction, established a BIM model and quantified the operational energy demand. Results: The greenhouse gas emissions and environmental impacts of the building were quantified using 17 country-specific national assessment methods and LCA databases. Comparisons of the results are shown on the level of building elements as well as the complete life cycle of the building. Conclusions: The results of these assessments show that the main differences lie in the LCA background data used, the scope of the assessment and the reference study period applied. Despite the variability in the greenhouse gas emissions determined with the 17 national methods, the individual results are relevant in the respective national context of the method, data, tool and benchmark used. It is important that environmental benchmarks correspond to the particular LCA approach and database of a country in which the benchmark is applied. Furthermore, the results imply to include building technologies as their contribution to the overall environmental impacts is not negligible. Grant support: The authors thank the IEA for its organizational support and the funding organizations in the participating countries for their financial support. IEA -International Energy Agency(undefined)

Mediterranean vernacular architecture was developed not only with respect to environmental and climatic factors but also with respect to culture, traditional construction materials and morphology. Despite the far distance between Portugal and Egypt, it was possible to find similar vernacular strategies under the influence of the Mediterranean climate and both Roman and Arab cultures. The paper adopted an explanatory qualitative analysis and comparative synthesis methods for vernacular passive and climatic responsive strategies for two regions. Covering from site planning, building design till building materials used through considering topography, resources, historic and cultural aspects. The outcomes of this research allow for understanding how different passive solar strategies and the use of natural energy sources can contribute to achieve appropriate indoor comfort conditions for contemporary practice. The paper draws a set of recommendations for more in-depth quantitative survey and energy efficiency measurements in Mediterranean climate.