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What does it mean to "play gay"? This chapter seeks to answer this question by examining not only Sean Penn's performance of homosexuality in Milk (Gus Van Sant 2008), but also the politics of that performance which, I argue, is inseparable from the identity of the performer.

Peer reviewed

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link. This article performs a study on correlation between pairs of variables in dependence on the problem dimensionality. Two tests, based on Pearson and Spearman coefficients, have been designed and used in this work. In total, $86$ test problems ranging between 10 and 1000 variables have been studied. If the most commonly used experimental conditions are used, the correlation between pairs of variables appears, from the perspective of the search algorithm, to consistently decrease. This effect is not due to the fact that the dimensionality modifies the nature of the problem but is a consequence of the experimental conditions: the computational feasibility of the experiments imposes an extremely shallow search in case of high dimensions. An exponential increase of budget and population with the dimensionality is still practically impossible. Nonetheless, since real-world application may require that large scale problems are tackled despite of the limited budget, an algorithm can quickly improve upon initial guesses if it integrates the knowledge that an apparent weak correlation between pairs of variables occurs, regardless the nature of the problem.

Milk’s fluidity and ostensible purity belie a complex array of industrial and regulatory processes, and a thick web of social and cultural associations, and provokes a language for emotion and thinking.From the milk of human breasts to industrialized cow’s milk, milk combines with social operations and is invented anew, malleable under the pressures of law, fashion, science and economy. Fantasies of milk’s powers recur, from the medieval lactating Virgin Mary to the contemporary promise of raised I.Q. through formula or enhanced milk. On account of its opaque properties and evocative associations, milk enjoys a particular relationship to photographic representation. This relationship is extended through CGI imaging, which finds novel ways to represent the drama inherent in milk, a play off between self-forming agency and capture of a supply for siphoning into profitable ends. Milk acts as a spectrometer that can reveal to us the defining characteristics of an epoch.

The chromosome conformation capture (3C) method has been invaluable in studying chromatin interactions in a population of cells at a resolution surpassing that of light microscopy, for example in the detection of functional contacts between enhancers and promoters. Recent developments in sequencing-based chromosomal contact mapping (Hi-C, 5C and 4C-Seq) have allowed researchers to interrogate pairwise chromatin interactions on a wider scale, shedding light on the three-dimensional organization of chromosomes. These methods present significant technical and bioinformatic challenges to consider at the start of the project. Here, we describe two alternative methods for Hi-C, depending on the size of the genome, and discuss the major computational approaches to convert the raw sequencing data into meaningful models of how genomes are organized.

We present a survey of toolkits employed in research workshop approaches within TIPS (Trust, Identity, Privacy and Security) domains. Our survey was developed within wider design research to develop digital service prototypes that support people in evaluating whether to trust that an online actor’s identity is not recently faked, and that a service they are registering personal information with is legitimate; and a subsequent project involving a tool that invites people to reflect on the cumulative risks of sharing apparently harmless personal information online. The radically multidisciplinary nature of both these TIPS projects has determined that we create a research space to promote exchange to, as design researchers, better understand the ‘opaque’ immediate and longer term implications of our proposed services and invite cross-disciplinary discussion towards interdisciplinary understandings. This paper is intended as an at-a-glance resource for researchers from a range of disciplinary backgrounds working on TIPS research to inform on various different material engagements, with research stakeholders, through creative workshop approaches. Our survey focused on the literature from Design (especially Participatory Design or PD, and Codesign), Human Computer Interaction (HCI) and cyber related security research. It comprises 30 papers or toolkit examples organised across: review papers; example toolkits; case studies reporting relevant toolkit use; applied toolkits for learning/knowledge exchange; research toolkits focused on demonstrating a methodological-conceptual approach (some problematising emergent or near-future technologies); and two papers that straddled the latter two categories, focusing on future practical application. We begin with an overview of our rationale and method before presenting each group of texts in a table alongside a summary discussion. We go on to discuss the various material components, affordances and terminology of the toolkits along with core concerns often left out of the reporting of research; before going on to recognise toolkits not so much as things that diagnose and fix things, but as a loose collection of readily available material and wider resources, used in particular participatory approaches, which together help account for techno-relational differences and contingencies in TIPS-related fields.

This review focuses on recent advances that have taken place in the use of remote sensing to observe aeolian processes, and to highlight recent approaches that have enabled and been employed to observe and quantify aeolian processes at a range of scales. As remote technologies continue to develop, the review emphasizes the significance that, in their different forms, these data are applicable across all scales at which aeolian processes operate. To address this, the review examines a range of space-borne, airborne and near-surface technologies.