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Aspects and methods for examining the connection between personal names and ethnicity It is a difficult task to determine the value of proper names in ethnic reconstruction. This can be considered a dubious area of onomastic/linguistic and historical research. Even the explanation of the basic concepts seems to be problematic; still, defining ethnicity and identifying the nature of the connection between ethnicity and language cannot be avoided. It is also important to define the value of the different types of personal names as sources: what can and cannot the research into the etymology of surnames be used for, what are the factors that have an impact on linguistic recon-struction, how can individual names help ethnic reconstruction, etc. After summarizing the back-ground research of name analysis in Hungary, the author presents a multi-level method of ethnic reconstruction based on personal names. The procedure tries to separate the determination of the name’s etymology from that of the ethnic affiliation, placing the examination objectives at separate levels. On the first level, the etymology of the surnames is determined and the linguistic background of the name is explored by considering linguistic aspects only, paying attention to the rules of ety-mological and onomastic research. The author separates two levels of the examination of ethnic reconstruction that are built upon each other. On the one hand, the linguistic features of the indi-vidual names are observed, and then other information on name sociology (e.g. social status, majority population), referring directly or indirectly to ethnic background, is taken into consideration.

A kötet a Magyar Gyógypedagógusok Egyesületének éves szakmai konferenciáján elhangzott előadások alapján készült rövid tanulmányokat tartalmazza. A kötet bemutatja, hogy a szakemberek és segítő szervezetek közreműködésével miként lehet elősegíteni a speciális társadalmi megsegítést igényló gyermekek, fiatalok és felnőttek életminőségének javulását, esélyegyenlőségének megvalósulását.

In our research we aim to examine this allophonic alternation of the laryngeal fricative from a phonetic point of view, in an attempt to shed more light on the phonetic and phonological factors that may facilitate or restrain the occurrence of [ɦ] in Hungarian, and thus to test previous claims of phonology and phonetics on this issue. As a first step, the present study investigated the effect of two vowel quality features, vowel openness and backness, and a phonological conditioner, pitch-accent on the ratio of voicing that occurs in intervocalic /h/ in laboratory speech. As a secondary aim we also tried to raise questions regarding the very specific type of voice quality this unique fricative exhibits, breathy voice. For this purpose, we also analyzed two more acoustic parameters, center of gravity and the harmonics- to-noise ratio, which are traditionally suggested to reliably and informatively quantify voice quality in fricatives. The results confirmed our hypothesis, that the intervocalic voicing of /h/ may be regarded as a purely phonetic process not governed or restrained by phonological processes, but only by the presence of the two flanking vowels. In a fine-grained phonetic analysis, however, we also showed that this phonetic process may be affected by the vocalic feature, openness of the flanking vowels, via coarticulation, and that front and back vowels may not be regarded as homogenous groups of vowels in the open – close dimension. We interpreted the latter results by taking into account a less simplified explanation of vowel articulation, and the complex interactions of the tongue and the larynx structures. Beszédkutatás, Évf. 26 szám 1 (2018): Beszédkutatás 2018