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Part 4: Enterprise Architecture; International audience; An executable model plays an important role on verifying the behavior and performance of an architecture. This paper summarizes the state of the art on the synthesis methods of the executable model for an architecture that is compliant with the Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF). To overcome the deficiencies of current executable modeling studies, a component data-focused method is proposed. Following the introduction of an executable modeling language named OPDL, the data elements of DoDAF Meta-model (DM2) required for building executable model is analyzed. The mapping relations between partial DM2 and OPDL elements are built. Finally, a process to create executable model is explained in detail.

International audience; In this paper, we study the effect of smartphone camera exposure on the performance of optical camera communications (OCC) link. The exposure parameters of image sensor sensitivity (ISO), aperture and shutter speed are included. A static OCC link with a 8 × 8 red, green and blue (RGB) LED array employed as the transmitter and a smartphone camera as the receiver is demonstrated to verify the study. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) analysis at different ISO values, the effect of aperture and shutter speed on communication link quality is performed. While SNRs of 20.6 dB and 16.9 dB are measured at 1 m and 2 m transmission distance, respectively for a ISO value of 100, they are decreased to 17.4 dB and 13.32 dB for a ISO of 800. The bit error rate (BER) of a 1 m long OCC link with a camera's shutter speed of 1/6000 s is 1.3 × 10 −3 (i.e., below the forward error correction BER limit of 3.8 × 10 −3) and is dropped to 0.0125 at a shutter speed of 1/20 s. This study provides insight of the basic smartphone settings and the exposure adjustment for further complex OCC links.

International audience; Toxoplasma gondii is a highly successful parasite that is thought to infect nearly one third of the world's population. Molecular epidemiology studies have illuminated the population structure of T. gondii strains world-wide and enabled insights into how the parasite is transmitted and the frequency of genetic exchange. Toxoplasma population genetics studies have shown that in North America and Europe, three genotypes have predominated whereas other diverse genotypes have propagated in other parts of the world, particularly in Central and South America. This chapter summarizes the techniques used to understand the population structure of T. gondii and how these techniques have also been helpful in understanding outbreaks of toxoplasmosis. As technology has advanced, more in-depth studies have facilitated our understanding of how differing genotypes can be linked to biological phenotypes including human disease.

International audience; Orchestras of Digital Musical Instruments (DMIs) enable new musical collaboration possibilities, extending those of acoustic and electric orchestras. However the creation and development of these orchestras remain constrained. In fact, each new musical collaboration system or orchestra piece relies on a fixed number of musicians, a fixed set of instruments (often only one), and a fixed subset of possible modes of collaboration. In this paper, we describe a unified framework that enables the design of Digital Orchestras with potentially different DMIs and an expand-able set of collaboration modes. It relies on research done on analysis and classification of traditional and digital orchestras, on research in Collaborative Virtual Environments, and on interviews of musicians and composers. The BOEUF framework consists of a classification of modes of collaboration and a set of components for modelling digital orchestras. Integrating this framework into DMIs will enable advanced musical collaboration modes to be used in any digital orchestra, including spontaneous jam sessions.

International audience; The Atmospheric Remote-Sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey (ARIEL) is one of the three candidate missions selected by the European Space Agency (ESA) for its next medium-class science mission due for launch in 2026. The goal of the ARIEL mission is to investigate the atmospheres of several hundred planets orbiting distant stars in order to address the fundamental questions on how planetary systems form and evolve. During its four (with a potential extension to six) years mission ARIEL will observe 500+ exoplanets in the visible and the infrared with its meter-class telescope in L2. ARIEL targets will include gaseous and rocky planets down to the Earth-size around different types of stars. The main focus of the mission will be on hot and warm planets orbiting close to their star, as they represent a natural laboratory in which to study the chemistry and formation of exoplanets. The ARIEL mission concept has been developed by a consortium of more than 50 institutes from 12 countries, which include UK, France, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Belgium, Austria, Denmark, Ireland and Portugal. The analysis of the ARIEL spectra and photometric data in the 0.5-7.8 micron range will allow to extract the chemical fingerprints of gases and condensates in the planets' atmospheres, including the elemental composition for the most favorable targets. It will also enable the study of thermal and scattering properties of the atmosphere as the planet orbit around the star. ARIEL will have an open data policy, enabling rapid access by the general community to the high-quality exoplanet spectra that the core survey will deliver.

Multiple theories of working memory are described in the chapters of this book and often these theories are viewed as being mutually incompatible, yet each is associated with a supporting body of empirical evidence. This chapter argues that many of these differences reflect different research questions, different levels of explanation, and differences in how participants perform their assigned tasks in different laboratories, rather than fundamental theoretical adversity. It describes a version of a multiple component working memory in which a range of specialized cognitive functions (or mental tools) act in concert, giving the impression, at a different level of explanation, of a unified cognitive system. The chapter argues that more rapid and more substantial scientific progress on the understanding of the concept of working memory would be achieved through identifying the levels of explanation explored within each theoretical framework, and attempting to integrate theoretical frameworks rather than perpetuating debate with no clear resolution in sight.

International audience; We study unlimited infinite churn in peer-to-peer overlay networks. Under this churn, arbitrary many peers may concurrently request to join or leave the overlay network; moreover these requests may never stop coming. We prove that unlimited adversarial churn, where processes may just exit the overlay network, is unsolvable. We focus on cooperative churn where exiting processes participate in the churn handling algorithm. We define the problem of unlimited infinite churn in this setting. We distinguish the fair version of the problem, where each request is eventually satisfied, from the unfair version that just guarantees progress. We focus on local solutions to the problem, and prove that a local solution to the Fair Infinite Unlimited Churn is impossible. We then present our algorithm UIUC that solves the Unfair Infinite Unlimited Churn Problem for a linearized peer-to-peer overlay network. We extend this solution to skip lists and skip graphs.

The chromosome conformation capture (3C) method has been invaluable in studying chromatin interactions in a population of cells at a resolution surpassing that of light microscopy, for example in the detection of functional contacts between enhancers and promoters. Recent developments in sequencing-based chromosomal contact mapping (Hi-C, 5C and 4C-Seq) have allowed researchers to interrogate pairwise chromatin interactions on a wider scale, shedding light on the three-dimensional organization of chromosomes. These methods present significant technical and bioinformatic challenges to consider at the start of the project. Here, we describe two alternative methods for Hi-C, depending on the size of the genome, and discuss the major computational approaches to convert the raw sequencing data into meaningful models of how genomes are organized.

International audience; We study strategies of approximate pattern matching that exploit bidirectional text indexes, extending and generalizing ideas of [5]. We introduce a formalism, called search schemes, to specify search strate-gies of this type, then develop a probabilistic measure for the efficiency of a search scheme, prove several combinatorial results on efficient search schemes, and finally, provide experimental computations supporting the superiority of our strategies.

International audience; Chemical synapses enable neurons to communicate rapidly, process and filter signals and to store information. However, studying their functional properties is difficult because synaptic connections typically consist of multiple synaptic contacts that release vesicles stochastically and exhibit time-dependent behavior. Moreover, most central synapses are small and inaccessible to direct measurements. Estimation of synaptic properties from responses recorded at the soma is complicated by the presence of nonuniform release probability and nonuniform quantal properties. The presence of multivesicular release and postsynaptic receptor saturation at some synapses can also complicate the interpretation of quantal parameters. Multiple-probability fluctuation analysis (MPFA; also known as variance-mean analysis) is a method that has been developed for estimating synaptic parameters from the variance and mean amplitude of synaptic responses recorded at different release probabilities. This statistical approach, which incorporates nonuniform synaptic properties, has become widely used for studying synaptic transmission. In this chapter, we describe the statistical models used to extract quantal parameters and discuss their interpretation when applying MPFA.