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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2019 France FrenchHAL CCSD Fotso, Ruben;Fotso, Ruben;This thesis aims to evaluate and analyse the direct and indirect effects of the Rhône-Alpes Technological Research Institutes (IRTs), which are one of the innovation policy devices based on science-industry transfers, created in France as pait of the Future Investment Programme. By applying a difference-in-difference model combined with matching methods, the results show a direct positive effect on turnover and financial autonomy and indicate that this effect varies according to the duration of participation and the type of assistance received. In addition, the type of assistance would play a more important role than the duration of treatment in the effectiveness of TRis. The results also indicate that the TRI had positive indirect effects on turnover, financial autonomy and the share of executives of non-directly beneficiary SMEs but located in the treated area and that these effects do not appear immediately after the treatment but a few years later. In addition, this research work assesses and analyses the direct effects of TRis by focusing on the R&D performance of large companies. Using the random trend model and the synthetic control model, the results of the first model indicate that participation in TRis has had an additional direct effect on total net R&D expenditures and that these expenditures are largely self-financed and used outside the company through collaborations and outsourcing. The results of the second model show that a single company has almost systematic effects on all R&D performance indicators.; Cette thèse vise à évaluer et analyser les effets directs et indirects des Instituts de Recherche Technologique (IRT) Rhônalpins qui sont l'un des dispositifs des politiques d'innovation fondées sur les transferts science-industrie, créés en France dans le cadre du Programme d'investissement d' Avenir. En appliquant un modèle de différence-en-différence combiné aux méthodes d'appariement, les résultats montrent un effet direct positif sur le chiffre d'affaires et l'autonomie financière et indiquent que cet effet varie en fonction de la durée de participation et du type d'aide reçu. Par ailleurs le type d'aide jouerait un rôle plus important que la durée de traitement dans l'efficacité des IRT. Les résultats indiquent aussi que l'IRT a eu les effet indirects positifs sur le chiffre d'affaires, l'autonomie financière et la part des cadres des PMEs non-directement bénéficiaires, localisées dans la zone traitée et que ces effets n'apparaissent pas immédiatement après le traitement mais quelques années plus tard. Par ailleurs, ce travail de recherche évalue et analyse les effets directs des IRT en se focalisant sur les performances de R&D des grandes entreprises. En utilisant le modèle à tendance aléatoire et le modèle de contrôle synthétique, les résultats du premier modèle indiquent que la participation aux IRT a eu un effet direct additionnel sur les dépenses totales de R&D nettes et que ces dépenses sont largement autofinancées et utilisées à l'extérieur de l'entreprise à travers les collaborations et les sous-traitances. Les résultats du second modèle montrent qu'une seule entreprise a des effets quasi-systématiques sur tous les indicateurs de performance de R&D.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2021 Belgium FrenchAgri-Overseas (BE) Angélique Neema Ciza; Clérisse Casinga Mubasi; Richard Amani Barhumana; Delvaux Kabike Balyahamwabo; +2 AuthorsAngélique Neema Ciza; Clérisse Casinga Mubasi; Richard Amani Barhumana; Delvaux Kabike Balyahamwabo; Jean-Luc Mastaki; Philippe Lebailly;handle: 2268/264261
Selon les résultats de l'analyse participative de la pauvreté (28), la crise économique et financière actuelle, qui s'étend désormais à tous les pays sous-développés et en développement, affecte gravement l'économie de la République démocratique du Congo et, plus particulièrement, les ménages ruraux de la province du Sud-Kivu, qui sont touchés par des crises récurrentes sans précédent et qui les plongent dans une pauvreté sévère et insoutenable. Paradoxalement, ces agriculteurs, dont le rôle est de fournir une nourriture saine et abondante à la population congolaise, sont parmi les moins bien nourris. L'objectif de cette étude est de diagnostiquer l'impact de l'activité non-agricole sur la sécurité alimentaire des ménages du Sud-Kivu montagneux dans la collectivité-chefferie de Luhwindja. Les résultats révèlent que 37% des ménages ruraux considérés tirent une partie de leurs revenus des activités non agricoles, ce qui améliore leur sécurité alimentaire, tandis que 63% des ménages n'ayant que l'agriculture comme moyen de subsistance ont un niveau de sécurité alimentaire critique car ils ne sont pas en mesure d'obtenir 2400 kilocalories par jour et par personne. Le secteur non agricole et les revenus des activités non agricoles sont donc très importants et contribuent de manière significative à l'économie des ménages ruraux en raison de leur influence sur le niveau de vie des ménages et la sécurité alimentaire de ceux-ci. Index de mots-clés : Activités non agricoles, sécurité alimentaire, ménages, collectivité-chefferie de Luhwinja, RDC Impact of non-agricultural activities on food security in mountainous South Kivu. According to the results of the participatory poverty analysis (28), the current economic and financial crisis, which is now extending to all underdeveloped and developing countries, is severely affecting the economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and, more specifically, rural households in South Kivu province, which are affected by unprecedented recurring crises that plunge them into severe and unsustainable poverty. Paradoxically, these farmers, whose role is to provide healthy and abundant food to the Congolese population, are among the least well-fed. The objective of this study is to diagnose the impact of non-agricultural activity on household food security in mountainous South Kivu in the Luhwindja chieftaincy community. The results revealed that 37% of the rural households considered derive part of their income from non-agricultural activities, which improves their food security, while 63% of households with only agriculture as a means of subsistence had a critical level of food security because they were unable to obtain 2400 kilocalories per day per person. The non-agricultural sector and income from non-farming activities are therefore very important and contribute significantly to the economy of rural households because of their influence on the standard of living of households and their food security. Index by keyword : Non-agricultural activities, food security, households, Luhwinja chieftain community, DRC
Tropicultura; Open R... arrow_drop_down Tropicultura; Open Repository and Bibliography - University of LiègeOther literature type . Article . 2021add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2020 United Kingdom FrenchInstitute for Social, Political and Legal Studies Ernst, W;Ernst, W;In collegiate courts, individual judges’ votes need to be merged into a joint decision. Various procedures were used on the basis of the learned Roman and Canon law traditions. In the time of Enlightenment, French scholar-politicians realized how decisive these conventions can be for the overall decision of cases. Adrien Duport (1759-1798), who discussed the matter with Nicolas de Condorcet (1786-1794), made a ground-breaking proposal in the Assemblée nationale of 1790. His ideas were taken up by the Geneva lawyer Pierre François Bellot (1776-1836). Bellot’s ‘Loi sur la procedure civile’ (1819) strongly influenced legislative activities toward civil procedure reform in various German states.
Oxford University Re... arrow_drop_down Oxford University Research ArchiveOther literature type . 2020Data sources: Oxford University Research ArchiveDo the share buttons not appear? Please make sure, any blocking addon is disabled, and then reload the page.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______1064::22f9136831496cf282ea2646b5be9e76&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euvisibility 1visibility views 1 download downloads 0 Powered bydescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2018 Poland FrenchWydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego Ana Fonseca Conboy;Ana Fonseca Conboy;handle: 11089/24687
During the 17th century, the establishment of neo-Aristotelian rules imposed restrictions on French dramatic art. At the same time, dramatists created a number of hagiographic plays, seemingly incompatible with the purified classical stage. How could one limit the multivalent life of their protagonists to twenty-four hours? How could one perform the focal point of lives of saints, that of their deaths, without transgressing the necessary bienséance and vraisemblance? Hypotyposis complemented the protagonists’ narratives in the hagiographic corpus. Through the description of conversion and martyrdom, the plot could be supplemented and understood by the spectators. Additionally, these vivid descriptions inspired the conversion of secondary characters. This article will address how dramatists used hypotyposis to adapt hagiographic plays to the dramatic restrictions of their time. Au XVIIe siècle les règles néo-aristotéliciennes ont imposé des restrictions à la conception française du drame. En même temps, les dramaturges parisiens ont créé beaucoup de pièces hagiograhiques, apparemment incompatibles avec la scène classique purifiée. Comment limiter la vie multiforme des protagonistes à une période de vingt-quatre heures ? Comment représenter le point culminant de la vie du saint, celui de sa mort, sans atteindre à la bienséance et à la vraisemblance prescrites ? L’hypotypose permettait de contourner ces difficultés. En décrivant les moments de conversion et de martyre, les récits étaient complétés et pouvaient être compris par les spectateurs. De plus, ces vives descriptions incitaient d’autres personnages à se convertir. Dans cet article, il s’agira d’examiner les façons dont l’hypotypose était utilisée par les dramaturges hagiographiques pour s’accommoder aux restrictions dramatiques de leur temps.
Repozytorium Uniwers... arrow_drop_down Acta Universitatis Lodziensis: Folia Litteraria RomanicaArticleLicense: cc-by-nc-ndData sources: UnpayWalladd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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description Publication2018 United Kingdom FrenchClassiques Garnier Canova-Green, Marie-Claude;Canova-Green, Marie-Claude;A study of two ballets danced at the Arsenal in Paris during the reign of Louis XIII.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euvisibility 0visibility views 0 download downloads 121 Powered bydescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Book 2020 France FrenchCentre National d'Enseignement à Distance Luc Massou; Cathia Papi; Hélène Pulker;Luc Massou; Cathia Papi; Hélène Pulker;doi: 10.4000/dms.5338
Creee lors du Forum UNESCO de 2002 sur l'impact des didacticiels libres, l’expression « ressources educatives libres » (REL) designe « des materiels d'enseignement, d'apprentissage et de recherche sur tout support, numerique ou autre, existant dans le domaine public ou publies sous une licence ouverte permettant l'acces, l'utilisation, l’adaptation et la redistribution gratuits par d'autres, sans restrictions ou avec des restrictions limitees » (Declaration de Paris sur les REL, 2012). Par le...
Distances et Médiati... arrow_drop_down Distances et Médiations des Savoirs; Hyper Article en LigneOther literature type . Article . 2020Distances et Médiations des Savoirs; OpenEditionArticle . 2020add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Preprint 2018 France FrenchHAL CCSD Mohamad Jaafar Ali; Hassine Moungla; Mohamed Younis; Ahmed Mehaoua;Mohamad Jaafar Ali; Hassine Moungla; Mohamed Younis; Ahmed Mehaoua;The overlap of transmission ranges among multiple Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) is referred to as coexistence. The interference is most likely to affect the communication links and degrade the performance when sensors of different WBANs simultaneously transmit using the same channel. In this paper, we propose a distributed approach that adapts to the size of the network, i.e., the number of coexisting WBANs, and to the density of sensors forming each individual WBAN in order to minimize the impact of co-channel interference through dynamic channel hopping based on Latin rectangles. Furthermore, the proposed approach opts to reduce the overhead resulting from channel hopping, and lowers the transmission delay, and saves the power resource at both sensor- and WBAN-levels. Specifically, we propose two schemes for channel allocation and medium access scheduling to diminish the probability of inter-WBAN interference. The first scheme, namely, Distributed Interference Avoidance using Latin rectangles (DAIL), assigns channel and time-slot combination that reduces the probability of medium access collision. DAIL suits crowded areas, e.g., high density of coexisting WBANs, and involves overhead due to frequent channel hopping at the WBAN coordinator and sensors. The second scheme, namely, CHIM, takes advantage of the relatively lower density of collocated WBANs to save power by hopping among channels only when interference is detected at the level of the individual nodes. We present an analytical model that derives the collision probability and network throughput. The performance of DAIL and CHIM is further validated through simulations. Comment: 2017 Ad Hoc Networks - ELSEVIER
Ad Hoc Networks arrow_drop_down Hyper Article en Ligne; Ad Hoc NetworksOther literature type . Article . 2018add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2019 United Kingdom, France, France FrenchHAL CCSD Alessandro, Christophe D.; Samuel Delalez; Boris Doval; Lionel Feugère; Olivier Perrotin;National audience; Les instruments chanteurs a synthèse ou l'analyse-synthèse de la voix chantée est un sujet de recherche déjà ancien. La voix chan-tée a été synthétisée dès les premières tentatives de synthèse numérique de la parole dans les années 1960. Le propos de cet article est de présenter le principe de fonctionnement des instruments chanteurs que nous avons développés au cours des dernières années, et de discuter des applications et de l'ave-nir de cette approche. Comme la place manque pour détailler tous ces travaux, une liste de publications en fin d'article permettra au lecteur curieux d'appro-fondir le sujet. Les instruments ont été utilisés dans divers concerts et des exemples sonores se trouvent facilement sur la toile. Résumé Les instruments chanteurs sont nés de la rencontre entre synthèse vocale et nouvelles interfaces pour l'interaction humain-machine. La voix n'est pas un instrument de musique, car il n'y a pas d'objet externe mis en jeu par les membres ou par le souffle. La synthèse numérique permet pour la première fois une coupure entre le sujet et sa voix, en construisant des instruments chanteurs manipulés par les mains, les pieds, ou par toutes sortes d'interfaces humain-machine. Cependant, les possibilités de contrôle des instruments chanteurs sont encore limitées à certains aspects, car une transposition des gestes internes du chant effectués par l'appareil vocal en gestes externes des membres ne va pas de soi. Certains gestes sont analogues, d'autres sont médiatisés par un espace perceptif. Les travaux menés sur trois instruments chanteurs sont présentés : le contrôle de l'intonation par un stylet sur une tablette graphique et des gestes d'écriture ; le contrôle des voyelles et de la qualité vocale sur une surface ; le contrôle bimanuel de l'articulation consonantique ; le contrôle syllabique du rythme. Les modèles de synthèse sous-jacents utilisent soit la simulation du modèle source-filtre, soit la modification d'échantillons préenregistrés et étiquetés. Le contrôle des instruments chanteurs est multimodal, impliquant l'ouïe ainsi que la vue, le toucher, et la kinesthésie. Cette combinaison sensorielle et motrice permet dans certains cas de rendre les instruments chanteurs plus justes et précis que la voix, la vue privilégiant les aspects mélodiques et l'audition les aspects rythmiques. Miroir de la voix, l'instrument chanteur autorise toutes sortes de spéculations : musicales bien sûr, avec le Chorus Digitalis, choeur de voix de synthèse, mais aussi pour l'analyse des pratiques vocales, pour l'éducation ou la rééducation, en renforçant l'apprentissage de gestes vocaux par des traces visuelles, des gestes manuels ou corporels. Le statut symbolique de la voix est également affecté par la possibilité de contrôler et de produire le son vocal en dehors du corps : corps augmenté, mise en scène de l'expression vocale, double de la voix, jeu de la voix d'un ou d'une autre. Abstract Singing instruments are the result of the encounter between voice synthesis and new interfaces for human-computer interaction. Voice is not a musical instrument, since it does not involve an external object stimulated by limbs or breathe. In contrast, digital synthesis allows for the first time to separate the subject from its voice, by building singing instruments manipulated by hands, feet, or any human-computer interface. However, possibilities for singing instruments control are still limited to some aspects, as the transposition from internal singing gestures realised by the vocal apparatus to external gestures is not trivial. Some gestures are analogous, while others are transposed in perceptive spaces. Related work realised on three singing instruments is introduced: the intonation control by a stylus on a graphic tablet and writing gestures; the vocalic and voice quality controls on a surface; the bi-manual control of consonantal articulation; the rhythmic control of syllables. The underlying voice production models use either the simulation of a source-filter model, or the modification of pre-recorded and labelled samples. The control of singing instruments is multi-modal, involving hearing, sight, touch, and kinaesthesia. In some extent, this sensorimotor combination allows the singing instrument to be more accurate and precise than natural voice: the sight favouring melodic aspects while hearing being more related to rhythmic aspects. Mirror of voice, the singing instrument allows any kind of speculation: indubitably musical with Chorus Digitalis, a choir of synthesised voices, but also for the analysis of vocal practices, for education or re-education by strengthening the learning of vocal gestures through uses of visual traces, and manual and corporal gestures. Finally, the symbolic status of voice is also affected by the possibility to produce a vocal sound from outside the body: augmented body, staging of vocal expression, voice double, play of someone else's voice.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euvisibility 7visibility views 7 download downloads 51 Powered bydescription Publication2019 United Kingdom FrenchPubliee Avecle Concours du Ministere de la Culture Canova-Green, Marie-Claude;Canova-Green, Marie-Claude;A study of Mademoiselle de Scudéry's account of the 1668 Versailles festival.\ud \ud This paper aims to consider the appropriation by Mlle de Scudéry of the coded genre of the royal festival book in order to assert her independence as a writer. Unlike conventional accounts, the description of the Versailles garden festival of 18 July 1668 inserted in her novel La Promenade de Versailles is less intent on communicating information available elsewhere than on entertaining and making the reader experience a pleasure derived from the very texture of the narrative. It is as if the expected praise of the monarch served to veil the author’s desire to maintain a degree of autonomy by resisting generic constraints with a view to controlling her narrative.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euvisibility 8visibility views 8 download downloads 96 Powered bydescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis , Other literature type 2020 FrenchHAL CCSD EC | SUMCASTEC (737164)Babay, Meissa;Babay, Meissa;Le travail proposé dans ce manuscrit de thèse concerne le développement, la conception et l’implémentation d’une architecture originale et innovante d’un biocapteur RF actif dédié à la spectroscopie diélectrique hyperfréquence. Le capteur développé est basé sur une détection capacitive. Il permet de détecter, d’analyser et de discriminer des échantillons biologiques mis sous test telles que des cellules cancéreuses, en suspension dans un canal microfluidique, en fonction de leurs propriétés diélectriques. Il est capable de mesurer les différences existantes entre elles avec une très haute sensibilité. Le système de détection développé est basé sur deux oscillateurs LC verrouillés par injection, fonctionnant à une fréquence proche de 5 GHz et intégré sur un substrat silicium en technologie BiCMOS SiGe:C 0,25 μm de IHP. Le fonctionnement du circuit a été validé en premier lieu avec des simulations électriques et post-layout. Le système de détection proposé est capable d’atteindre, en travaillant en mode faible injection, les performances requises en ce qui concerne la sensibilité de détection (de l’ordre de 2 ppm), ce qui permet de pouvoir à termes détecter et caractériser avec précision les propriétés diélectriques de cellules biologiques. Un banc de mesure dédié a été développé une fois le prototype fabriqué afin de caractériser le circuit. Les expérimentations ont démontré que le dispositif présente des résultats de mesures prometteurs qui concordent avec les simulations. Cela démontre le fort potentiel de l'approche proposée permettant à termes de pouvoir détecter et mesurer des différences entre les éléments biologiques d’une manière non invasive. The proposed work presented in this thesis concerns the design and the implementation of an original and innovative architecture of an active RF biosensor dedicated to microwave dielectric spectroscopy. The developed sensor is based on capacitive detection. It is able to detect, analyze and discriminate biological samples, such as cancer cells, suspended in a microfluidic channel, according to their dielectric properties. It is capable of measuring the existing differences between them with a very high sensitivity. A detection system, based on two LC injection locked oscillators (ILOs) operating at a frequency close to 5 GHz and integrated on a silicon substrate using a BiCMOS SiGe: C 0.25 μm technology, was designed. The concept was at the first validated with electrical and post-layout simulations. The detection system is capable of achieving, in low injection mode, the required performance regarding the detection sensitivity (in the order of 2 ppm), which makes it possible to detect and characterize with precision the dielectric properties of biological cells. A dedicated measurement bench have been developed once the prototype manufactured in order to characterize the circuit. Experiments have demonstrated that the proposed circuit presents promising measurement results with a good agreement with simulations. This demonstrates the high potential of the proposed approach, which make it possible to detect and measure differences between biological elements in a non-invasive way.
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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2019 France FrenchHAL CCSD Fotso, Ruben;Fotso, Ruben;This thesis aims to evaluate and analyse the direct and indirect effects of the Rhône-Alpes Technological Research Institutes (IRTs), which are one of the innovation policy devices based on science-industry transfers, created in France as pait of the Future Investment Programme. By applying a difference-in-difference model combined with matching methods, the results show a direct positive effect on turnover and financial autonomy and indicate that this effect varies according to the duration of participation and the type of assistance received. In addition, the type of assistance would play a more important role than the duration of treatment in the effectiveness of TRis. The results also indicate that the TRI had positive indirect effects on turnover, financial autonomy and the share of executives of non-directly beneficiary SMEs but located in the treated area and that these effects do not appear immediately after the treatment but a few years later. In addition, this research work assesses and analyses the direct effects of TRis by focusing on the R&D performance of large companies. Using the random trend model and the synthetic control model, the results of the first model indicate that participation in TRis has had an additional direct effect on total net R&D expenditures and that these expenditures are largely self-financed and used outside the company through collaborations and outsourcing. The results of the second model show that a single company has almost systematic effects on all R&D performance indicators.; Cette thèse vise à évaluer et analyser les effets directs et indirects des Instituts de Recherche Technologique (IRT) Rhônalpins qui sont l'un des dispositifs des politiques d'innovation fondées sur les transferts science-industrie, créés en France dans le cadre du Programme d'investissement d' Avenir. En appliquant un modèle de différence-en-différence combiné aux méthodes d'appariement, les résultats montrent un effet direct positif sur le chiffre d'affaires et l'autonomie financière et indiquent que cet effet varie en fonction de la durée de participation et du type d'aide reçu. Par ailleurs le type d'aide jouerait un rôle plus important que la durée de traitement dans l'efficacité des IRT. Les résultats indiquent aussi que l'IRT a eu les effet indirects positifs sur le chiffre d'affaires, l'autonomie financière et la part des cadres des PMEs non-directement bénéficiaires, localisées dans la zone traitée et que ces effets n'apparaissent pas immédiatement après le traitement mais quelques années plus tard. Par ailleurs, ce travail de recherche évalue et analyse les effets directs des IRT en se focalisant sur les performances de R&D des grandes entreprises. En utilisant le modèle à tendance aléatoire et le modèle de contrôle synthétique, les résultats du premier modèle indiquent que la participation aux IRT a eu un effet direct additionnel sur les dépenses totales de R&D nettes et que ces dépenses sont largement autofinancées et utilisées à l'extérieur de l'entreprise à travers les collaborations et les sous-traitances. Les résultats du second modèle montrent qu'une seule entreprise a des effets quasi-systématiques sur tous les indicateurs de performance de R&D.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2021 Belgium FrenchAgri-Overseas (BE) Angélique Neema Ciza; Clérisse Casinga Mubasi; Richard Amani Barhumana; Delvaux Kabike Balyahamwabo; +2 AuthorsAngélique Neema Ciza; Clérisse Casinga Mubasi; Richard Amani Barhumana; Delvaux Kabike Balyahamwabo; Jean-Luc Mastaki; Philippe Lebailly;handle: 2268/264261
Selon les résultats de l'analyse participative de la pauvreté (28), la crise économique et financière actuelle, qui s'étend désormais à tous les pays sous-développés et en développement, affecte gravement l'économie de la République démocratique du Congo et, plus particulièrement, les ménages ruraux de la province du Sud-Kivu, qui sont touchés par des crises récurrentes sans précédent et qui les plongent dans une pauvreté sévère et insoutenable. Paradoxalement, ces agriculteurs, dont le rôle est de fournir une nourriture saine et abondante à la population congolaise, sont parmi les moins bien nourris. L'objectif de cette étude est de diagnostiquer l'impact de l'activité non-agricole sur la sécurité alimentaire des ménages du Sud-Kivu montagneux dans la collectivité-chefferie de Luhwindja. Les résultats révèlent que 37% des ménages ruraux considérés tirent une partie de leurs revenus des activités non agricoles, ce qui améliore leur sécurité alimentaire, tandis que 63% des ménages n'ayant que l'agriculture comme moyen de subsistance ont un niveau de sécurité alimentaire critique car ils ne sont pas en mesure d'obtenir 2400 kilocalories par jour et par personne. Le secteur non agricole et les revenus des activités non agricoles sont donc très importants et contribuent de manière significative à l'économie des ménages ruraux en raison de leur influence sur le niveau de vie des ménages et la sécurité alimentaire de ceux-ci. Index de mots-clés : Activités non agricoles, sécurité alimentaire, ménages, collectivité-chefferie de Luhwinja, RDC Impact of non-agricultural activities on food security in mountainous South Kivu. According to the results of the participatory poverty analysis (28), the current economic and financial crisis, which is now extending to all underdeveloped and developing countries, is severely affecting the economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and, more specifically, rural households in South Kivu province, which are affected by unprecedented recurring crises that plunge them into severe and unsustainable poverty. Paradoxically, these farmers, whose role is to provide healthy and abundant food to the Congolese population, are among the least well-fed. The objective of this study is to diagnose the impact of non-agricultural activity on household food security in mountainous South Kivu in the Luhwindja chieftaincy community. The results revealed that 37% of the rural households considered derive part of their income from non-agricultural activities, which improves their food security, while 63% of households with only agriculture as a means of subsistence had a critical level of food security because they were unable to obtain 2400 kilocalories per day per person. The non-agricultural sector and income from non-farming activities are therefore very important and contribute significantly to the economy of rural households because of their influence on the standard of living of households and their food security. Index by keyword : Non-agricultural activities, food security, households, Luhwinja chieftain community, DRC
Tropicultura; Open R... arrow_drop_down Tropicultura; Open Repository and Bibliography - University of LiègeOther literature type . Article . 2021add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2020 United Kingdom FrenchInstitute for Social, Political and Legal Studies Ernst, W;Ernst, W;In collegiate courts, individual judges’ votes need to be merged into a joint decision. Various procedures were used on the basis of the learned Roman and Canon law traditions. In the time of Enlightenment, French scholar-politicians realized how decisive these conventions can be for the overall decision of cases. Adrien Duport (1759-1798), who discussed the matter with Nicolas de Condorcet (1786-1794), made a ground-breaking proposal in the Assemblée nationale of 1790. His ideas were taken up by the Geneva lawyer Pierre François Bellot (1776-1836). Bellot’s ‘Loi sur la procedure civile’ (1819) strongly influenced legislative activities toward civil procedure reform in various German states.
Oxford University Re... arrow_drop_down Oxford University Research ArchiveOther literature type . 2020Data sources: Oxford University Research ArchiveDo the share buttons not appear? Please make sure, any blocking addon is disabled, and then reload the page.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______1064::22f9136831496cf282ea2646b5be9e76&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euvisibility 1visibility views 1 download downloads 0 Powered bydescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2018 Poland FrenchWydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego Ana Fonseca Conboy;Ana Fonseca Conboy;handle: 11089/24687
During the 17th century, the establishment of neo-Aristotelian rules imposed restrictions on French dramatic art. At the same time, dramatists created a number of hagiographic plays, seemingly incompatible with the purified classical stage. How could one limit the multivalent life of their protagonists to twenty-four hours? How could one perform the focal point of lives of saints, that of their deaths, without transgressing the necessary bienséance and vraisemblance? Hypotyposis complemented the protagonists’ narratives in the hagiographic corpus. Through the description of conversion and martyrdom, the plot could be supplemented and understood by the spectators. Additionally, these vivid descriptions inspired the conversion of secondary characters. This article will address how dramatists used hypotyposis to adapt hagiographic plays to the dramatic restrictions of their time. Au XVIIe siècle les règles néo-aristotéliciennes ont imposé des restrictions à la conception française du drame. En même temps, les dramaturges parisiens ont créé beaucoup de pièces hagiograhiques, apparemment incompatibles avec la scène classique purifiée. Comment limiter la vie multiforme des protagonistes à une période de vingt-quatre heures ? Comment représenter le point culminant de la vie du saint, celui de sa mort, sans atteindre à la bienséance et à la vraisemblance prescrites ? L’hypotypose permettait de contourner ces difficultés. En décrivant les moments de conversion et de martyre, les récits étaient complétés et pouvaient être compris par les spectateurs. De plus, ces vives descriptions incitaient d’autres personnages à se convertir. Dans cet article, il s’agira d’examiner les façons dont l’hypotypose était utilisée par les dramaturges hagiographiques pour s’accommoder aux restrictions dramatiques de leur temps.
Repozytorium Uniwers... arrow_drop_down Acta Universitatis Lodziensis: Folia Litteraria RomanicaArticleLicense: cc-by-nc-ndData sources: UnpayWalladd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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description Publication2018 United Kingdom FrenchClassiques Garnier Canova-Green, Marie-Claude;Canova-Green, Marie-Claude;A study of two ballets danced at the Arsenal in Paris during the reign of Louis XIII.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euvisibility 0visibility views 0 download downloads 121 Powered bydescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Book 2020 France FrenchCentre National d'Enseignement à Distance Luc Massou; Cathia Papi; Hélène Pulker;Luc Massou; Cathia Papi; Hélène Pulker;doi: 10.4000/dms.5338
Creee lors du Forum UNESCO de 2002 sur l'impact des didacticiels libres, l’expression « ressources educatives libres » (REL) designe « des materiels d'enseignement, d'apprentissage et de recherche sur tout support, numerique ou autre, existant dans le domaine public ou publies sous une licence ouverte permettant l'acces, l'utilisation, l’adaptation et la redistribution gratuits par d'autres, sans restrictions ou avec des restrictions limitees » (Declaration de Paris sur les REL, 2012). Par le...
Distances et Médiati... arrow_drop_down Distances et Médiations des Savoirs; Hyper Article en LigneOther literature type . Article . 2020Distances et Médiations des Savoirs; OpenEditionArticle . 2020add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Preprint 2018 France FrenchHAL CCSD Mohamad Jaafar Ali; Hassine Moungla; Mohamed Younis; Ahmed Mehaoua;Mohamad Jaafar Ali; Hassine Moungla; Mohamed Younis; Ahmed Mehaoua;The overlap of transmission ranges among multiple Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) is referred to as coexistence. The interference is most likely to affect the communication links and degrade the performance when sensors of different WBANs simultaneously transmit using the same channel. In this paper, we propose a distributed approach that adapts to the size of the network, i.e., the number of coexisting WBANs, and to the density of sensors forming each individual WBAN in order to minimize the impact of co-channel interference through dynamic channel hopping based on Latin rectangles. Furthermore, the proposed approach opts to reduce the overhead resulting from channel hopping, and lowers the transmission delay, and saves the power resource at both sensor- and WBAN-levels. Specifically, we propose two schemes for channel allocation and medium access scheduling to diminish the probability of inter-WBAN interference. The first scheme, namely, Distributed Interference Avoidance using Latin rectangles (DAIL), assigns channel and time-slot combination that reduces the probability of medium access collision. DAIL suits crowded areas, e.g., high density of coexisting WBANs, and involves overhead due to frequent channel hopping at the WBAN coordinator and sensors. The second scheme, namely, CHIM, takes advantage of the relatively lower density of collocated WBANs to save power by hopping among channels only when interference is detected at the level of the individual nodes. We present an analytical model that derives the collision probability and network throughput. The performance of DAIL and CHIM is further validated through simulations. Comment: 2017 Ad Hoc Networks - ELSEVIER
Ad Hoc Networks arrow_drop_down Hyper Article en Ligne; Ad Hoc NetworksOther literature type . Article . 2018add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2019 United Kingdom, France, France FrenchHAL CCSD Alessandro, Christophe D.; Samuel Delalez; Boris Doval; Lionel Feugère; Olivier Perrotin;National audience; Les instruments chanteurs a synthèse ou l'analyse-synthèse de la voix chantée est un sujet de recherche déjà ancien. La voix chan-tée a été synthétisée dès les premières tentatives de synthèse numérique de la parole dans les années 1960. Le propos de cet article est de présenter le principe de fonctionnement des instruments chanteurs que nous avons développés au cours des dernières années, et de discuter des applications et de l'ave-nir de cette approche. Comme la place manque pour détailler tous ces travaux, une liste de publications en fin d'article permettra au lecteur curieux d'appro-fondir le sujet. Les instruments ont été utilisés dans divers concerts et des exemples sonores se trouvent facilement sur la toile. Résumé Les instruments chanteurs sont nés de la rencontre entre synthèse vocale et nouvelles interfaces pour l'interaction humain-machine. La voix n'est pas un instrument de musique, car il n'y a pas d'objet externe mis en jeu par les membres ou par le souffle. La synthèse numérique permet pour la première fois une coupure entre le sujet et sa voix, en construisant des instruments chanteurs manipulés par les mains, les pieds, ou par toutes sortes d'interfaces humain-machine. Cependant, les possibilités de contrôle des instruments chanteurs sont encore limitées à certains aspects, car une transposition des gestes internes du chant effectués par l'appareil vocal en gestes externes des membres ne va pas de soi. Certains gestes sont analogues, d'autres sont médiatisés par un espace perceptif. Les travaux menés sur trois instruments chanteurs sont présentés : le contrôle de l'intonation par un stylet sur une tablette graphique et des gestes d'écriture ; le contrôle des voyelles et de la qualité vocale sur une surface ; le contrôle bimanuel de l'articulation consonantique ; le contrôle syllabique du rythme. Les modèles de synthèse sous-jacents utilisent soit la simulation du modèle source-filtre, soit la modification d'échantillons préenregistrés et étiquetés. Le contrôle des instruments chanteurs est multimodal, impliquant l'ouïe ainsi que la vue, le toucher, et la kinesthésie. Cette combinaison sensorielle et motrice permet dans certains cas de rendre les instruments chanteurs plus justes et précis que la voix, la vue privilégiant les aspects mélodiques et l'audition les aspects rythmiques. Miroir de la voix, l'instrument chanteur autorise toutes sortes de spéculations : musicales bien sûr, avec le Chorus Digitalis, choeur de voix de synthèse, mais aussi pour l'analyse des pratiques vocales, pour l'éducation ou la rééducation, en renforçant l'apprentissage de gestes vocaux par des traces visuelles, des gestes manuels ou corporels. Le statut symbolique de la voix est également affecté par la possibilité de contrôler et de produire le son vocal en dehors du corps : corps augmenté, mise en scène de l'expression vocale, double de la voix, jeu de la voix d'un ou d'une autre. Abstract Singing instruments are the result of the encounter between voice synthesis and new interfaces for human-computer interaction. Voice is not a musical instrument, since it does not involve an external object stimulated by limbs or breathe. In contrast, digital synthesis allows for the first time to separate the subject from its voice, by building singing instruments manipulated by hands, feet, or any human-computer interface. However, possibilities for singing instruments control are still limited to some aspects, as the transposition from internal singing gestures realised by the vocal apparatus to external gestures is not trivial. Some gestures are analogous, while others are transposed in perceptive spaces. Related work realised on three singing instruments is introduced: the intonation control by a stylus on a graphic tablet and writing gestures; the vocalic and voice quality controls on a surface; the bi-manual control of consonantal articulation; the rhythmic control of syllables. The underlying voice production models use either the simulation of a source-filter model, or the modification of pre-recorded and labelled samples. The control of singing instruments is multi-modal, involving hearing, sight, touch, and kinaesthesia. In some extent, this sensorimotor combination allows the singing instrument to be more accurate and precise than natural voice: the sight favouring melodic aspects while hearing being more related to rhythmic aspects. Mirror of voice, the singing instrument allows any kind of speculation: indubitably musical with Chorus Digitalis, a choir of synthesised voices, but also for the analysis of vocal practices, for education or re-education by strengthening the learning of vocal gestures through uses of visual traces, and manual and corporal gestures. Finally, the symbolic status of voice is also affected by the possibility to produce a vocal sound from outside the body: augmented body, staging of vocal expression, voice double, play of someone else's voice.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euvisibility 7visibility views 7 download downloads 51 Powered bydescription Publication2019 United Kingdom FrenchPubliee Avecle Concours du Ministere de la Culture Canova-Green, Marie-Claude;Canova-Green, Marie-Claude;A study of Mademoiselle de Scudéry's account of the 1668 Versailles festival.\ud \ud This paper aims to consider the appropriation by Mlle de Scudéry of the coded genre of the royal festival book in order to assert her independence as a writer. Unlike conventional accounts, the description of the Versailles garden festival of 18 July 1668 inserted in her novel La Promenade de Versailles is less intent on communicating information available elsewhere than on entertaining and making the reader experience a pleasure derived from the very texture of the narrative. It is as if the expected praise of the monarch served to veil the author’s desire to maintain a degree of autonomy by resisting generic constraints with a view to controlling her narrative.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euvisibility 8visibility views 8 download downloads 96 Powered bydescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis , Other literature type 2020 FrenchHAL CCSD EC | SUMCASTEC (737164)Babay, Meissa;Babay, Meissa;Le travail proposé dans ce manuscrit de thèse concerne le développement, la conception et l’implémentation d’une architecture originale et innovante d’un biocapteur RF actif dédié à la spectroscopie diélectrique hyperfréquence. Le capteur développé est basé sur une détection capacitive. Il permet de détecter, d’analyser et de discriminer des échantillons biologiques mis sous test telles que des cellules cancéreuses, en suspension dans un canal microfluidique, en fonction de leurs propriétés diélectriques. Il est capable de mesurer les différences existantes entre elles avec une très haute sensibilité. Le système de détection développé est basé sur deux oscillateurs LC verrouillés par injection, fonctionnant à une fréquence proche de 5 GHz et intégré sur un substrat silicium en technologie BiCMOS SiGe:C 0,25 μm de IHP. Le fonctionnement du circuit a été validé en premier lieu avec des simulations électriques et post-layout. Le système de détection proposé est capable d’atteindre, en travaillant en mode faible injection, les performances requises en ce qui concerne la sensibilité de détection (de l’ordre de 2 ppm), ce qui permet de pouvoir à termes détecter et caractériser avec précision les propriétés diélectriques de cellules biologiques. Un banc de mesure dédié a été développé une fois le prototype fabriqué afin de caractériser le circuit. Les expérimentations ont démontré que le dispositif présente des résultats de mesures prometteurs qui concordent avec les simulations. Cela démontre le fort potentiel de l'approche proposée permettant à termes de pouvoir détecter et mesurer des différences entre les éléments biologiques d’une manière non invasive. The proposed work presented in this thesis concerns the design and the implementation of an original and innovative architecture of an active RF biosensor dedicated to microwave dielectric spectroscopy. The developed sensor is based on capacitive detection. It is able to detect, analyze and discriminate biological samples, such as cancer cells, suspended in a microfluidic channel, according to their dielectric properties. It is capable of measuring the existing differences between them with a very high sensitivity. A detection system, based on two LC injection locked oscillators (ILOs) operating at a frequency close to 5 GHz and integrated on a silicon substrate using a BiCMOS SiGe: C 0.25 μm technology, was designed. The concept was at the first validated with electrical and post-layout simulations. The detection system is capable of achieving, in low injection mode, the required performance regarding the detection sensitivity (in the order of 2 ppm), which makes it possible to detect and characterize with precision the dielectric properties of biological cells. A dedicated measurement bench have been developed once the prototype manufactured in order to characterize the circuit. Experiments have demonstrated that the proposed circuit presents promising measurement results with a good agreement with simulations. This demonstrates the high potential of the proposed approach, which make it possible to detect and measure differences between biological elements in a non-invasive way.
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