• Publicationsclose
• Research dataclose
• Other research productsclose
• 2013-2022close
• Part of book or chapter of book close
• CH close
• Hyper Article en Ligne - Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société close
• Digital Humanities and Cultural Heritage close

International audience; The relationship between archaeology and other sciences has only recently become a research topic for sociologists and historians of science. From the 1950s to the present day, different approaches have been taken and the aims of research studies have changed considerably. Besides methodological textbooks, which aim at advancing archaeological knowledge, historians of archaeology have tackled this question by exploring the development of archaeology as a scientific discipline. More recently, collaborations between archaeologists and other scientists have been examined as a general phenomenon regarding transfers of knowledge and power relationships between specialists, organizations, and scientific tools, where archaeology is considered as a scientific practice. Adopting a sociohistorical perspective, this entry examines the specificity of aims, facts, and procedures shared by archaeologists and other scientists regarding the crucial question of measuring time and computations.

The Encyclopedia of Diplomacy; International audience

International audience; This essay examines the geographic origins, the political belongings and the confessional profiles of the members of the two most important mercantile nations of eighteenth-century southern Italy: the French nation and the British factory of Naples. Taking into account their pronounced prosopographic heterogeneity, it shows how legal resources and their social uses played a crucial role in defining the boundaries of such groups.

International audience; Baya-Laffite and Cointet map the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) negotiations topic structure and evolution over 20 years using a digital corpus from the most renowned internal journal of the negotiations available online, the Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB). The authors’ methodological strategy combines text mining, network analysis and data visualization tools. The chapter shows how this mixed-method strategy applied to a digital corpus drawn from the ENB website, makes it possible to map climate change negotiations. Mixing traditional research methods and computer-assisted techniques, as well as manual and automated operations results in a series of unique new visual syntheses of the UNFCCC process. Narrating the visualizations allows distant readings of topics’ semantic structure and topic trajectories and thereby to test the robustness of the maps as well as the tools and methods used to produce them.

International audience

From the end of the eighteenth century onwards, Europe saw a move towards democracy that was based on liberalism and parliamentarism. Issues of sovereignty and representation were at the heart of the democratic project, and ‘parliaments’ (or at least the lower houses supposed to represent the people) were central to these hopes and changes. Although feminist research has profoundly renewed our conception of the democratic agenda and our understanding of the extent to which it has actually been realised, both in normative and pragmatic terms, there has been little research focusing on the history or the anthropology of parliaments from the perspective of gender. At first, women’s exclusion from democracy was contrasted with historical and national narratives, as well as normative and practical models for defining universality and representation; it was only thereafter that the role of parliaments in the history of European democracies and the exclusion of women from national representation, legislative power and the public space were studied and analysed as such. And yet along with and besides the question of the ‘state’, ‘power’, ‘government’, and the ‘public sphere or space’ lies the crucial question of ‘parliament’ and legislative power as this relates specifically to each regime and country. In the French-speaking academic world, studies focusing on women’s roles and activities in deliberative and legislative assemblies only truly began at the end of the 1990s, accompanying and fuelling political debate on these issues (Achin and Bereni, 2013). This research engaged in dialogue with specialists in Legislative Studies, while also producing an increasing body of qualitative and ethnographic research focusing on internal diversity among MPs and the complex combination of factors that foster links between descriptive and substantive representation (Taylor-Robinson, 2014).