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Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is a fast growing field focused on the development of bioactive 3D porous scaffolds as temporary extracellular matrixes that support cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation, and stimulate bone tissue formation in vivo. Over more than ten years, our group has been devoted to developing new biomaterials and methods to prepare 3D porous scaffolds for BTE applications. The potential of natural porous structures such as marine skeletons, composite materials, and hydrogels based on biodegradable polymers and bioresorbable hydroxyapatite ceramics have been studied. In this paper, an overview of our research and main achievements, published in international scientific publications, is provided. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Inženjerstvo koštanog tkiva brzorastuće je polje istraživanja usmjereno na razvoj bioaktivnih 3D poroznih nosača, kao privremenih izvanstaničnih matrica, koji podržavaju prianjanje, umnažanje i diferencijaciju stanica te potiču stvaranje koštanog tkiva in vivo. Više od deset godina istraživanja naše grupe posvećena su razvoju novih materijala i postupaka za pripravu 3D poroznih nosača za inženjerstvo koštanog tkiva. Kao mogući nosači istraživani su porozni skeleti morskih organizama te kompozitni materijali i hidrogelovi na temelju biorazgradljivih polimera i bioresorbirajuće hidroksiapatitne keramike. U ovom radu dan je prikaz naših istraživanja i glavnih postignuća, objavljenih u međunarodnim znanstvenim publikacijama. Ovo djelo je dano na korištenje pod licencom Creative Commons Imenovanje 4.0 međunarodna.

Biological activity of different adamantane derivatives and their application has been described in various reviews. Similarly, many reviews deal with biological activity and application of guanidine compounds. However, up to now no review has been made concerning the guanidine derivatives of adamantane and other polycycles, compounds which incorporate both of these moieties in the same molecule. Therefore, a literature survey of polycyclic guanidine derivatives is here provided and their application as potential pharmacophores stressed. Biološka aktivnost različitih adamantanskih derivata i njihova primjena opisane su u brojnim preglednim člancima. Isto tako, mnogi revijalni članci opisuju biološku aktivnost i primjenu gvanidinskih spojeva. Međutim do sada nije načinjen pregled koji bi se bavio gvanidinskim derivatima adamantana i drugih policikla, tj. spojevima koji sadrže obje navedene podjedinice u istoj molekuli. U ovom radu bit će stoga dan pregled policikličkih derivata gvanidina, i to s naglaskom na njihovu primjenu kao potencijalnih farmakofora.

Radikale, kemijske vrste s nesparenim elektronima, obično se smatra vrlo nestablinima, tako da ih se može pri - praviti samo pod posebnim uvjetima i proučavati samo pomoću posebnih, vrlo skupih, instrumenata. Također ih se smatra štetnima te neprimjerenima za pokuse u školi. Ipak, radikali imaju ključnu ulogu u biološkim susta - vima. Zahvaljujući nesparenim elektronima, obično su živo obojani, tako da se njihovo nastajanje često može opaziti golim okom. Ovdje je opisano nekoliko jednostavnih reakcijâ s biološki najvažnijim radikalom, semikinonom. Lako ih je izvesti u školskom laboratoriju uporabom male količine jeftinih i bezopasnih tvari. Jednostavnim promatranjem tih reakcijâ dade se naučiti mnogo toga o kemiji (slob odnih) radikala

Biološka aktivnost različitih adamantanskih derivata i njihova primjena opisane su u brojnim preglednim člancima. Isto tako, mnogi revijalni članci opisuju biološku aktivnost i primjenu gvanidinskih spojeva. Međutim, do sada nije načinjen pregled koji bi se bavio gvanidinskim derivatima adamantana i drugih policikla, tj. spojevima koji sadrže obje navedene podjedinice u istoj molekuli. U ovom radu bit će stoga dan pregled policikličkih derivata gvanidina, i to s naglaskom na njihovu primjenu kao potencijalnih farmakofora.

Polilaktidna kiselina (PLA) i bakterijska nanoceluloza (BNC) zbog svoje biorazgradljivosti, biokompatibilnosti i netoksičnosti imaju velik potencijal za primjenu u biomedicini. Cilj ovog rada bio je pripraviti i ispitati biokompozit PLA/BNC. Istražen je utjecaj BNC-a na morfološku strukturu, kemijski sastav, toplinska svojstva, toplinsku postojanost i hidrofobnost PLA te zasijavanje i rast stanica biokompozita PLA/BNC primjenom pretražnog elektronskog mikroskopa (SEM), infracrvene spektroskopije (FTIR), diferencijalne pretražne kalorimetrije (DSC) i termogravimetrijske analize (TGA) te određivanjem kontaktnog kuta i metodom MTT. Dodatkom BNC-a u PLA dolazi do pomaka staklišta (Tg) prema nižim temperaturama, što ukazuje na veću pokretljivost amorfne faze PLA te porasta stupnja kristalnosti zbog nukleacijskog učinka celuloze. Početak toplinske razgradnje pomaknut je na niže temperature u odnosu na čisti PLA, što ukazuje na smanjenje toplinske postojanosti PLA dodatkom BNC-a. Biokompozit PLA/BNC pokazuje poroznu, vlaknastu strukturu. Test zasijavanja stanica pokazao je da je biokompozit PLA/BNC pogodan za prihvaćanje i rast humanih stanica, pa je prema tome potencijalno primjenjiv u regenerativnoj medicini i tkivnom inženjerstvu. Ovo djelo je dano na korištenje pod licencom Creative Commons Imenovanje 4.0 međunarodna. Polylactic acid (PLA) and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) are promising materials in medicine due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity. The aim of this work was to prepare and characterize the PLA/BNC biocomposite. Morphology, chemical composition, thermal properties, thermal stability, hydrophobicity and cell seeding, and growth of the PLA/BNC biocomposite were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle, and MTT method. DSC showed that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PLA decreased with the addition of BNC due to higher mobility of amorphous PLA phase. The degree of crystallinity increased due to nucleation effect of cellulose. With the addition of BNC, the thermal stability of biocomposite decreased. The PLA/BNC biocomposite exhibited a porous, fibrous structure. The cell seeding test showed the PLA/BNC biocomposite to be suitable for growth of human cells, and therefore, potentially applicable in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

This article is the second part of a series dealing with organometallic and bioorganometallic chemistry. In the first part of this series a short review on the history and development of these disciplines was given, emphasizing the importance and scope of bioorganometallic chemistry as a new field dealing with conjugates of organometallics and biomolecules (DNA, PNA, amino acids, peptides...). From the variety of biorganometallics, syntheses and properties of simple conjugates of ferrocene with natural amino acids/peptides were elaborated inter alia. This material is the basis for the second part in which ferrocene amino acids are described. The introduction presents nonproteinogenic alicyclic and aromatic amino acids as the models for the title compounds. Naturally occurring amino acids labelled with ferrocene moiety mostly retain properties of the biomolecules included. Contrary to these ω-ferrocenylamino acids, one could imagine specific amino acids with inserted ferrocene core belonging to either homo- or heterodisubstituted type. The central part of this article is devoted to our investigations of the second type - H2N-(CH2)m-Fn-(CH2)n-COOH. The general rational procedure for synthesis of these compounds and of their N- and/or C-protected derivatives via the azide intermediates N3-CO-(CH2)m- Fn-(CH2)n-COOMe has been described. In the solid state derivatives of ferrocene amino acids contain intermolecular hydrogen bonds giving dimeric structures, three-dimensional networks or endless helical chains. The solutions of homologues Ac-NH-(CH2)m-Fn-(CH2)n-COOMe in nonpolar solvents are dominated by open form conformers. Compounds containing 2–3 ferrocene cores connected by amide, imide and oxalamide spacers were prepared by oligomerization of 1'-aminoferrocene-1-carboxylic acid (Fca) or by its condensation with the appropriate reagents. Similar to natural amino acids, ferrocene amino acids are water-soluble substances with high melting points, insoluble in organic solvents.

Cilj ovog rada bio je razviti tri metode temeljene na umjetnoj inteligenciji za modeliranje trostruke adsorpcije iona teških metala {Pb2+, Hg2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Cr4+} na različitim adsorbatima {aktivni ugljen, kitozan, danski treset, treset Heilongjiang, ugljik glave suncokreta i ugljik stabljike suncokreta). Rezultati pokazuju da se regresija potpornih vektora (SVR) pokazala nešto boljom, preciznijom, stabilnijom i bržom od regresije potpornih vektora najmanjih kvadrata (LS-SVR) i umjetnih neuronskih mreža (ANN). Za procjenu kinetike trostrukog adsorpcijskog sustava višekomponentnog sustava preporučuje se model SVR. Ovo djelo je dano na korištenje pod licencom Creative Commons Imenovanje 4.0 međunarodna. The aim of this work was to develop three artificial intelligence-based methods to model the ternary adsorption of heavy metal ions {Pb2+, Hg2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Cr4+} on different adsorbates {activated carbon, chitosan, Danish peat, Heilongjiang peat, carbon sunflower head, and carbon sunflower stem). Results show that support vector regression (SVR) performed slightly better, more accurate, stable, and more rapid than least-square support vector regression (LS-SVR) and artificial neural networks (ANN). The SVR model is highly recommended for estimating the ternary adsorption kinetics of a multicomponent system. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

It is of great challenge and significance to recycle activated carbon (AC), yet still with various problems in operation. Here, we have performed a simulation on the regeneration of AC by using an indirect heating method with an unsteady cylindrical heat transfer model. The result has shown that the optimal parameters for a regeneration tube of outer diameter Φ = 108 with wall thickness 4 mm were: heating in the tube for 30 min at a surrounding temperature of 550 °C. In these conditions, a temperature of 417.5 °C could be obtained at the centre of the cylindrical tube, reaching the temperature required for AC regeneration. The experimental values obtained in our laboratory were consistent with the simulation, providing significant references for scaling up pilot plant of AC regeneration.

Rad se bavi razvojem pojma elementa od antičkih vremena (Empedoklo, Aristotel) preko razdoblja alkemije i rane kemije (Paracelsus, Petar Bono, Boyle) te početaka moderne kemije (Lavoisier, Mendeljejev) do suvremenih shvaćanja utemeljenih na atomskoj teoriji. Pokazuje se da pojam elementa ima dva značenja, elementarne (jednostavne) tvari i elementa u užem smislu; dok se prvi pojam razvijao prateći napredak metoda kemijske analize, za razumijevanje drugog pojma, pojma elementa, bilo je nužno steći dublji uvid u narav kemijskih promjena.

Remanufacture engineering is an emerging industry that saves resources as well as protects the environment. However, cracks on remanufactured components can result in serious trouble. Therefore, in order to avoid unnecessary waste of resources and energy, these cracks should be repaired radically in order to ensure the smooth progressing of the remanufacturing process. Consequently, the crack healing technique of metal materials is very important in the field of remanufacturing. In this study, the U-shape vane stainless steel of a centrifugal compressor which had cracks was processed by pulse current using a high pulse current discharge device, and the influence of the streaming effect and Joule heating effect of pulse current on the crack healing of metal materials was studied, aiming to provide references for the better application of this technology in the remanufacturing field in the future. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Obnavljanje uređaja i postrojenja pomaže u smanjenju troškova i očuvanju okoliša, ali ozbiljne probleme mogu uzrokovati pukotine na obnovljenim komponentama. Da bi se izbjeglo nepotrebno trošenje energije i sredstava, pukotine se moraju potpuno sanirati. Radi unaprjeđenja tehnike reparacije u ovoj je studiji kompresorska lopatica s pukotinama, izrađena od nehrđajućeg čelika, izložena djelovanju visokonaponske pulsne struje te je proučeno obnavljanje materijala pod utjecajem Jouleove topline i efekta strujanja. Ovo djelo je dano na korištenje pod licencom Creative Commons Imenovanje 4.0 međunarodna.