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Présentation du projet NoiseCapture dans le cadre du séminaire Immersion Sciences 2018, organisé conjointement par l’Académiede Rennes, la région Bretagne et le CNRS.

On-demand Ride-Hailing services (RHs) now play an increasing role within many cities around the world. RHs might increase traffic congestion, vehicle ownership and access inequalities. RHs pose significant challenges for policymakers, and addressing these issues requires detailed information about RHs use. But research on RHs services, especially in African cities, remains scarce. In this respect, this research presents original data on the use and users of RHs in Kenya’s capital, Nairobi, based on the results of an ad hoc survey designed by the author. This paper provides insights into who the users of RHs are, and their motivations for using RHs. Results show that RHs are extensively used in Nairobi (across all socio-economic groups, on a regular basis and way more for work-related trips than in many Western countries). In Nairobi, where only a minority of urban dweller have access to an individual motorized mode of transport, using RHs is gradually becoming necessary to access urban amenities. Nairobi’s inhabitants are facing a growing RHs dependency, which calls in return to public regulation.

_; This proposal adopts a holistic approach to strategic transport investment by discussing the wider economic impacts (WEIs) analysis method in terms of several dominant and emerging methods. The WEIs analysis goes beyond the effects captured in a standard cost-benefit analysis (CBA). A CBA addresses the market for transport services and infrastructure access but neglects the wider impacts on other markets. These wider impacts usually relate to agglomeration, market power, and the behavioral adaptions of firms and households. The high uncertainty in land use changes indicates that WEIs tend to occur in different forms on multiple spatial scales, varying by place and time. Additionally, some activities, such as education, have no direct market value, but may indirectly contribute to the overall economic output and human capital development in cities and regions. Given that the conventional elasticity methods are not goal oriented, it is important to ensure that the WEIs analysis accounts for the stakeholder-specific costs and benefits. Assuming that it is possible to consider all WEIs through theoretical models, major efforts should focus on establishing and maintaining appropriate methodologies and tools. The social and environmental data needed to address biodiversity issues should also be improved and promoted. Complementary to the WEIs, understanding how the behavior of agents changes in response to the new transport options will help clarify the long-term implications of transportation. This will suggest new strategies (territorial appropriation), approaches/ techniques to feasibility, and ?place-based? interrelations, that is, specific interrelations in places. This last aspect is especially important in the current context of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has affected and will likely change transportation behaviors and transport demand in the dynamic future.

The regeneration of inner-city areas is a global challenge. Inner cities in France certainly have their problems, but the nation also has a good record of successful major urban regeneration projects. We have analysed three of these initiatives to understand what factors contribute to good regeneration outcomes. Urban regeneration can be defined as a holistic approach to revitalise under-used areas of the city. It's commonly associated, however, with the related challenges of gentrification, rising property values, and displacement of low-income groups. And these projects do not always achieve a sense of place.

Technical Workshop “Imperial College London / Chair ENPC-STIF”, Marne-La-Vallée, France, Dec. 18th 2015.

LCA of the BRT of Fort-de-France; Motorized modes of transportation, whether car or plane, bus or train, play a major role in developed societies. As they essentially trade energy against distance and speed of travel, their share in the overall consumption of energy and materials is high, making the reduction of that share an important objective for sustainability. This calls for both the systematic evaluation of environmental performance and the eco-design of transit modes. This twofold objective is addressed in the paper, which applies a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology to a transit mode, encompassing both infrastructure and vehicle fleets. The methodology is applied to a case study of a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system in Martinique, a French Caribbean island. The results show the contributions of the project's subsystems and life cycle phases to its environmental impacts, as captured by a set of 13 indicators. Impacts are normalized per passenger-kilometer. Comparison with other modes demonstrates the influence of vehicle occupancy rates and therefore the relevance of demand estimates in ex-ante evaluation. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to underline the respective impacts of input parameters on environmental impacts and to assess the potential of eco-design for BRT modes.

Crime and insecurity are deeply entrenched in some cities. While we have rankings of the most dangerous cities in the world, this does not give a clear picture of how and why dangerous spaces develop in cities. We are analysing case studies from cities in France, Colombia, Brazil and Australia to understand the factors that lead to insecurity, and to examine possible solutions.