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Health tourism is a complex tourism product that involves a great number of specialized facilities and services for travel motivated by the need to improve health and increase the quality of life. Wellness tourism as one of its components, and especially medical tourism, is an organized implementation of preventive healthcare and curative programs with the purpose to prevent disease, preserve and improve health, the service quality of which affect the diversity of the overall tourism product, and thus the better recognizability of the destination in an increasingly demanding market. The aim of the empirical part of the paper is to analyze the relevant quality concepts of wellness services, and the models and methods of measuring the quality of wellness services. In the empirical part, expectations and perception of service customers were researched by the use of the modified SERVQUAL model, while the applicative contribution of the paper is reflected in the development of guidelines for improving the quality of service provision. The study was conducted at the Thalasso Wellness Centre in Opatija on a random sample of 87 respondents. The results were processed using the standard SPSS 12.00 software package, and descriptive and bivariate statistical analysis were applied as well. The study results confirmed the empirical assumption of the adequacy of using the SERVQUAL model for measuring the quality of wellness services since a clear picture of the overall quality of wellness services was obtained. The results unambiguously point to the existence of a gap between the perception and expectations of customers. Given that the highest average perception ratings went to tangible and reliable dimensions, and the lowest average ratings to compassion or empathy dimensions, the largest gap was also established in these dimensions. The results of the empirical research can serve the management of the institution as an incentive for justifying the continuous research of wellness service quality, the satisfaction of wellness service users and job satisfaction of the wellness centre staff, by using other methods and models as well. Zdravstveni turizam kompleksan je turistički proizvod koji obuhvaća velik broj specijaliziranih sadržaja i usluga na putovanjima motiviranim potrebom za unapređenjem zdravlja i poboljšanjem kvalitete života. Wellness turizam kao njegova sastavnica, a posebice medicinski wellness organizirano je provođenje zdravstveno-preventivnih i kurativnih programa u svrhu prevencije bolesti te očuvanja i unapređenja zdravlja, čije kvalitetne usluge utječu na raznolikost ukupnoga turističkog proizvoda, a time i na bolju prepoznatljivost destinacije na sve zahtjevnijem tržištu. Cilj empirijskoga dijela rada je analizirati relevantne koncepte kvalitete usluga wellnessa te modele i metode za mjerenje kvalitete usluga wellnessa. U praktičnom dijelu primjenom modificiranoga SERVQUAL modela istražena su očekivanja i percepcija korisnika usluga, a aplikativni doprinos rada ogleda se u izradi smjernica za poboljšanje kvalitete pružanja usluga. Istraživanje je provedeno u Thalasso wellness centru Opatija na slučajnom uzorku od 87 ispitanika. Rezultati su obrađeni korištenjem standardnog SPSS 12.00 programskog paketa, a korištene su metode deskiptivne i bivarijatne statističke analize. Rezultati istraživanja potvrdili su empirijsku pretpostavku o adekvatnosti primjene SERVQUAL modela za mjerenje kvalitete usluga wellnessa budući da je dobiven jasan prikaz ukupne kvalitete usluga wellnessa. Rezultati nedvosmisleno ukazuju na postojanje jaza između percepcija i očekivanja korisnika. S obzirom da su najviše prosječne ocjene za percepciju dobile dimenzije opipljivosti i pouzdanosti, a najniže prosječne ocjene za dimenzije su osjećajnost ili empatija, te je u tim dimenzijama utvrđen i najveći jaz. Dobiveni rezultati empirijskoga istraživanja mogu poslužiti menadžmentu ustanove, kao poticaj za opravdanost kontinuiranoga provođenja istraživanja kvalitete usluga wellnessa, zadovoljstva korisnika usluga wellnessa i radnoga zadovoljstva osoblja wellness centra, primjenom i drugih metoda i modela.

The management of differences in public administration, especially its newest and most comprehensive form, diversity management, is a key tool for increasing the efficiency in public sector organizations, reducing dicrimination, increasing inclusion, bringing closer to all population groups and increasing trust in public administration, which has recently been very shaken. The private sector was the first to recognize the benefits that diversity management can bring to an organization, but in the public sector these benefits are only just being recognized and are slowly being given more and more attention. Diversity Charters, which are signed by each EU member separately and through which private and public law organizations publicly announce their commitment to diversity management, are of great importance in promoting diversity management. In Croatia, the Charter on Diversity was signed by the majority of organizations from the private sector, which tells us that the diversity management in Croatian is not very well developed and much more attention must be paid to it, primarily because the current special measures (priority in the employment of certain population groups and proportional representation of national minorities) bring poor results and do not achieve the set goals. Upravljanje razlikama u javnoj upravi, posebice njegov najnoviji i najobuhvatniji oblik, upravljanje raznolikošću jest ključan alat za povećanje učinkovitosti organizacija javnog sektora, smanjenje diskriminacije, povećanje inkluzije, približavanje svim skupinama stanovništva te povećanja povjerenja u javnu upravu koje je u zadnje vrijeme jako poljuljano. Privatni sektor je bio prvi koji je prepoznao prednosti koje upravljanje raznolikošću može donijeti organizaciji, a u javnom sektoru se te prednosti tek prepoznaju i polako im se posvećuje sve više pažnje. Velik značaj u propagiranju upravljanja raznolikošću imaju Povelje o raznolikosti koje potpisuje svaka članica EU posebno i putem kojih organizacije privatnog i javnog prava javno obznanjuju svoju posvećenost upravljanju raznolikošću. U Hrvatskoj su Povelju o raznolikosti potpisale većinom organizacije iz privatnog sektora što nam govori da je upravljanje raznolikošću u hrvatskoj javnoj upravi tek u povojima i mora mu se posvetiti puno više pažnje, prvenstveno zbog toga što dosadašnje posebne mjere (prednost pri zapošljavanju određenih skupina stanovništva te proporcionalna predstavljenost nacionalnih manjina) donose slabe rezultate i ne postižu zadane ciljeve.

The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of previous examinations as a primary prevention tool for OSD, exposure to skin hazards and the implementation of occupational safety measures during practical training, and to determine the appearance of skin problems among hairdressing and beautician apprentices. Data were collected by questionnaries, clinical examination of hand skin, the OHSI score and the TEWL measurement of hands and forearms. Response rate was 81% among hairdressing and 79% among beautician apprentices. Only half of the apprentices had been examined by OMS prior to enrollment and the examination content was scarce. The most common hairdressing tasks are washing, dyeing and rinsing hair, cleaning the workplace and tools, with greatest use of PPE during hair dyeing (91%). Beautician apprentices most often clean working place, disinfect tools, and clean and nurture face, and less than half of them are wearing PPE. A history of hand/wrist eczema and/or urticarial symptoms was reported by 35% of hairdressing and 25% of beautician apprentices, and a history of skin dryness was reprted by 37% and 30% respectively. Symptoms mostly occurred after enrollment. Hairdressing apprentices rated their eczema more severe. Skin changes were mild, in the form of erythema, lichenification and/or desquamation, with increased lichenification and desquamation in hairdressing apprentices, pointing to the initial signs of irritative contact dermatitis, which may be related to increased exposure of hairdressing apprentices to wet work. At least 1 skin symptom was found in 40% of hairdressing and 36% of beautician appretices, with about three times higher frequency among hairdressing apprentices who reported eczema and/or urticaria, and hand dryness, than those in the control group, and twice as high among the beautician apprentices who reported eczema or/and urticaria than those in the control group. In conclusion, the prevalence of skin problems in hairdressing and beautician apprentices is high, and the use of PPE is poor. Changes in the existing educational programs for students and teachers are needed. Pupils with skin disorders should be directed away from occupations with known skin hazards and high risk of OSD development, and skin symptoms-free risk-prone pupils should be periodically monitored during health surveillance throughout schooling, with early intervention in case of skin disease. Cilj je bio procijeniti učinkovitost prethodnih pregleda kao alata primarne prevencije PBK, izloženost kožnim štetnostima i implementaciju mjera zaštite na radu tijekom praktične nastave, te utvrditi pojavu i jačinu kožnih tegoba među frizerskim i kozmetičarskim učenicima. Podaci su prikupljani upitnicima, kliničkim pregledom kože šaka, OHSI indikatorom te mjerenjem TEWL-a na šakama i podlakticama. Odazvalo se 81% frizerskih i 79% kozmetičarskih učenika. Samo polovica učenica bila je prije upisa pregledana od strane SMR, a sadržaj pregleda bio je manjkav. Najčešći radni zadaci frizerskih učenica su pranje, bojanje i ispiranje kose, te čišćenje radnog mjesta i alata, a zastupljenost korištenja OZS bilo je najveće tijekom bojanja kose (91%). Kozmetičarske učenice najčešće čiste radno mjesto, dezinficiraju pribor, čiste i njeguju lice, te pritom manje od polovice njih nose OZS. Dosadašnje tegobe u vidu ekcema šaka/zapešća i/ili urtikarije iskazalo je 35% frizerskih i 25% kozmetičarskih učenica, a suhoću kože njih 37% odnosno 30%, i većinom su nastale nakon upisa u školu. Frizerske učenice ocijenile su svoj ekcem težim nego kozmetičarske. Kožne promjene bile su blage, u vidu eritema, lihenifikacije i/ili deskvamacije, s većom učestalošću lihenifikacije i deskvamacije kod frizerskih učenica, ukazujući na početne znakove iritativnog kontaktnog dermatitisa, što se može povezati s većom izloženosti frizerskih učenica radu u mokrom. Najmanje 1 kožni simptom pronađen je u 40% frizerskih odnosno 36% kozmetičarskih učenica, s otprilike trostruko većom učestalosti među frizerskim učenicama sa samoprocjenjenim tegobama i suhoćom ruku od onih u kontrolnoj skupini, te dvostruko većom učestalosti među kozmetičarskim učenicama sa samoprocjenjenim tegobama od onih u kontrolnoj skupini. Zaključno, rasprostranjenost kožnih tegoba u frizerskih i kozmetičarskih učenika je visoka, a primjena OZS slaba. Potrebne su promjene u postojećim edukacijskim programima učenika i učitelja. Učenike s kožnim tegobama trebalo bi usmjeriti dalje od zanimanja s poznatim kožnim štetnostima i visokim rizikom za razvoj PBK, a učenike bez kožnih tegoba s povećanim rizikom za razvoj PBK periodički pratiti tijekom zdravstvenog nadzora za vrijeme školovanja, te rano intervenirati u slučaju pojave kožnih oboljenja.

In the paper, the authors first outline some common features of an approach to causation as an assumption of liability for damages in the national tort law systems of Member States. These common features are the lack of common rules related to causation, the differentiation between two levels of causation (factual and legal), and leaving the definition of the concept of causation, and presumptions for its existence and scope to case law. The authors go on to present some of the decisions of the Court of Justice of the EU related to causation, as well as its opinions in references for preliminary rulings submitted by national courts. The decisions regard the liability of the Union, while references for preliminary ruling deal with causation in decisions on the State liability, liability for damage caused by a violation of competition law and liability for damage caused by a defective product). Finally, specific causation is analysed M. Bukovac Puvača, G. Mihelčić, M. Marochini Zrinski: Uzročna veza kao pretpostavka odgovornosti za ... 49 focusing on the existence of harmful effects (influences) and the violation of the protected Convention rights taking into consideration what the state has done or should have done. This is analysed on the basis of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights whose aim is to protect a certain right under the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. In conclusion, after reviewing the fundamental features of causation on all three levels of European Union tort law, the authors analyse the impact of the Court of Justice of the EU and the European Court of Human Rights on causation as a presumption of liability for damages in national legal systems. Autori u radu prvo navode neke zajedničke karakteristike pristupa uzročnoj vezi kao pretpostavci odgovornosti za štetu u nacionalnim odštetnopravnim sustavima država članica. To su izostanak jedinstvena pravila o uzročnosti, razlikovanje dviju razina uzročnosti (stvarne i pravne) te prepuštanje definiranja pojma uzročne veze, a djelomično i utvrđivanja pretpostavaka za njezino postojanje i njezina dosega sudskoj praksi. Nakon toga prikazuju kako se o nekim pitanjima u svezi s uzročnom vezom očitovao Sud Europske unije u odlukama o odgovornosti Unije za štetu i odlukama u postupcima tumačenja prava u povodu prethodnih pitanja koja su postavili nacionalni sudovi (uzročna veza kod odgovornosti država članica za štetu, odgovornosti za štetu prouzročenu povredom prava tržišnog natjecanja i odgovornosti za štetu od neispravnog proizvoda). Na kraju se analizira specifična uzročna veza čije se postojanje između štetnog djelovanja (utjecaja) i povrede zaštićenoga konvencijskog prava i onoga što je država činila ili trebala činiti, ali nije (tj. propuštala je) traži kako bi se u praksi Europskog suda za ljudska prava pružila zaštita povrijeđenom pravu iz Konvencije za zaštitu ljudskih prava i temeljnih sloboda. Nakon prikaza temeljnih karakteristika uzročne veze na sve tri razine odštetnog prava u Europskoj uniji autori u zaključnim napomenama analiziraju utjecaj prakse Suda Europske unije i Europskog suda za ljudska prava na uzročnu vezu kao pretpostavku odgovornosti za štetu u nacionalnim pravnim sustavima.

The purpose of this brief guide is to provide citizens with basic information on the execution of the City of Zagreb’s 2017 budget and to encourage them to monitor the budget and communicate with the City authorities.