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In the present thesis, we analysed aspects of health and physical activity in preschool children before, during and after interventions to contain the spread of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). 195 parents from Ljubljana, Vrhnika, Brezovica, Horjul and their surroundings took part in the survey. Only parents of children aged 2–6 years were included in the survey. We were interested in the frequency of children's physical activity in the urban and natural environments, and whether certain epidemic periods had an impact on the frequency of physical activity and time spent outdoors. We compared the frequency of children's outdoor activity before and during the epidemic and compared it with other foreign studies. In addition, we wanted to know how often children consumed fruit and vegetables during each wave of the epidemic and whether they were more likely to reach for fruit or vegetables than before. We also wanted to know whether children had regular mealtimes, as they did when in kindergarten. All data were collected in July 2021 through an online survey sent to parents via various social networks. The data were then analysed in Microsoft Excel. The analysis was carried out in four phases. First, the data were quantified, recorded and tabulated according to the urban or natural environment, according to the frequency and time of physical activity during the week and at the weekend, and according to the frequency of fruit and vegetables consumption over a period of time and the number of meals per day. Then we calculated the percentages to see clearer differences in the variables. In the third step, the variables were plotted in graph from. In the final stage, we explained all our findings in writing and linked them to the literature and other international research. The study found that children's physical activity in both outdoor urban and outdoor natural environments was the lowest during the first wave of the epidemic, with a 23.5 % decrease in urban and a 4.5 % decrease in natural environment during this period. Children were more likely to eat fruit than vegetables, with 74 % of children eating fruit and 58 % eating vegetables daily during the epidemic. Most parents (47 %) provided the same number of meals for their children during lockdown as before COVID-19, when children were in kindergartens, namely 3 main meals and 2 snacks. However, most children (50 %), had these meals adapted to their daily situation. The results showed that people got accustomed to a new lifestyle during the different waves of the epidemic, but became aware of the importance of children's outdoor physical activity as the frequency of outdoor physical activity increased again after the first wave of the epidemic.

2019 yılının sonlarına doğru ortaya çıkan ve tüm dünyada pandemiye sebep olan yeni koronavirüs hastalığı (COVID-19), 2020 yılında tüm dünyada milyonlarca insanı enfekte etmiştir. Günümüzde COVID-19 ile ilgili çalışmalar giderek artmakta ve her geçen gün bilgiler değişmektedir. Bizim de bu çalışmadaki amacımız COVID-19 tanısı ile hastanede yatan hastaların yatış süresine etki eden faktörlerin incelenmesidir. Çalışmaya Mart 2020 ve Haziran 2020 tarihleri arasında hastanemiz enfeksiyon hastalıkları servisinde yatan 102 hasta dahil edildi. Hastaların yaşı ve cinsiyeti, komorbid hastalıkları, vital bulguları, yatış esnasındaki lökosit, nötrofil, lenfosit, monosit, hemoglobin (Hb), trombosit (PLT), ortalama trombosit hacmi (MPV), aspartat aminotransferaz (AST), alanin aminotransferaz (ALT) üre, kreatin, C-reaktif protein (CRP), fibrinojen, laktat dehidrojenaz (LDH), kreatinin, protrombin zamanı (PT), uluslararası normalleştirilmiş oran (INR), procalsitonin (pct), D-dimer, ferritin, troponin, nötrofil/lenfosit oranı (NLR) trombosit-lenfosit oranı (PLR), monosit-lenfosit oranı (MLR) ve MPV-lenfosit oranı (MPVLR) değerleri retrospektif olarak incelendi. COVID-19 PCR ve akciğer tomografilerindeki parankimal tutulumları sınıflandırıldı. Aldıkları antiviral, antibiyotik ve diğer destek tedavileri ve hastanede yatış süreleri kayıt edildi. İstatistiksel analiz için verilerin dağılımı Kolmogorov-Simirnov testi ile incelendi. İstatistiksel analizler SPSS v.22 paket programı ile yapıldı, anlamlılık düzeyi 0,05 olarak dikkate alındı. Çalışmamızda 51 erkek ve 51 kadın toplam 102 hasta değerlendirildi. Hastaların yaş ortalaması 56,51±15,48 yıl olarak bulundu. Ortalama hastane yatış süresi ortalama 7,58±3,35 gündü. DM, HT ve malignitesi olan hastalarda ve favipravir, enoksaparin ve vitamin C desteği alan hastalarda daha uzun hastane yatışı olduğu görüldü. Uzun süre hastane yatışı olan hastalarda ateş, procalsitonin, AST, LDH değerlerinin kısa yatış süresi olan hastalara göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksek olduğu saptandı. Lenfosit sayısı ve yüzdesi, NLR, monosit sayısı, MPV/lenfosit oranı değerleri ise yedi günden uzun süre yatan hastalarda anlamlı düşük bulundu. iii The new coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which emerged towards the end of 2019 and caused a pandemic all over the world, infected millions of people all over the world in 2020. Nowadays, studies on COVID-19 are increasing and information changes day by day. Our aim in this study is to determine the factors affecting the length of stay of patients hospitalized with the diagnosis of COVID-19. 102 patients hospitalized in our hospital's infection ward between March 2020 and June 2020 were included in the study. Age, gender, comorbid diseases, vital signs, leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, hemoglobin, platelet, mean platelet volume (MPV), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) urea, creatine, c-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, d-dimer, fibrinogen, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine, prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR), procalcitonin (pct), d-dimer, ferritin, troponin, neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio (NLR) platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) and MPV-lymphocyte ratio values were analyzed retrospectively. Parenchymal involvement in COVID-19 PCR, hospitalization tomography were classified. The antiviral, antibiotic and other supportive treatments they received and the length of their hospital stay were included. For statistical analysis, the distribution of the data was examined using the Kolmogorov-Simirnov test. Statistical analyzes were made with SPSS v.22 package program, the level of significance was taken into account as 0.05. 51 male and 51 female patients were evaluated in our study. The mean age of the patients was 56.51 ± 15.48 years. Average hospital stay was 7.58 ± 3.35 days. The patients were evaluated as longer and shorter hospitalizations than five days, and longer and shorter hospitalizations than seven days. Longer hospital stays were observed in patients with DM, HT, malignancy and those receiving favipravir, enoxaparin and vitamin C supplements. Fever, procalcitonin, AST and LDH values iv were found to be significantly higher in patients who were hospitalized for a long time compared to patients with a short hospitalization period. Lymphocyte count and percentage, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte count, mean platelet volume (MPV) lymphocyte ratio values were found to be significantly lower in long hospitalized patients.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the Covid-19 pandemic has had a serious psychological impact on individuals. This also applies to teachers. Previous studies have also shown that 57% of teachers are considering changing their professions, which is partly because their well-being has been deteriorating. Positive psychology, in turn, has received more attention when it comes to students' well-being. The aim of this study is to investigate what role positive psychology can play in the promotion of teachers' well-being, with a specific focus on the well-being after the COVID-19 pandemic. Six (6) teachers in basic education in Finland participated in the study. They were interviewed through semi-structured interviews. The interviews were taped, transcribed and analyzed through a hermeneutic analysis method. The results showed that all teachers were affected by the Covid-19 pandemic and distance learning, although not all of them thought so themselves. What affected the teachers the most was the lack of social interaction and loneliness that the pandemic brought. The results also showed that the teachers in this study had good practices when it came to promoting their own well-being. These methods can be classified as methods belonging to positive psychology. Although teachers did not have good knowledge of what the concept of positive psychology means, these methods were used unconsciously. Enligt Världshälsoorganisationen (WHO) har Covid-19 pandemin haft allvarlig psykisk påverkan på individer, vilket även gäller lärare. Tidigare studier har även visat att 57% av lärarna funderar på att byta yrke, vilket delvis beror på att deras välbefinnande har försämrats. Positiv psykologi i sin tur har fått mera uppmärksamhet då det kommer att öka elevernas välbefinnande. Syftet med denna avhandling är att ta reda på vilken roll positiv psykologi kan spela då det kommer till att främja lärares psykiska välbefinnande, med speciell fokus på måendet efter COVID-19 pandemin. I studien deltog sex (6) lärare inom den grundläggande utbildningen i Finland. De intervjuades genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer, som bandades in, transkriberades och analyserades genom en hermeneutisk analysmetod. I resultaten framkom det att samtliga lärare påverkades av Covid-19 pandemin och distansundervisning, fastän inte alla själva ansåg det. Det som påverkade lärarna mest var avsaknaden av det sociala sammanhanget och ensamheten som pandemin förde med sig. Resultaten visade även att lärarna i denna studie hade goda strategier då det kom till att främja sitt välbefinnande. Dessa metoder kan klassificeras som metoder som hör till den positiva psykologin. Fastän lärarna inte hade goda kunskaper i vad begreppet positiv psykologi innebär så använde de ändå dessa metoder omedvetet.

At present, COVID-19 is raging all over the world. Many comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.67, 95% CI = 1.91–3.74) and hypertension (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.76–3.00), have been shown to worsen the patient’s condition. However, whether cardio-cerebrovascular disease will affect COVID-19 remains unclear. In this meta-analysis, we collected studies from PubMed, Wed of Science and CNKI (Chinese) to July 25, which reported COVID-19 patients with and without cardio-cerebrovascular disease as well as their severity and mortality. The random-effect model meta-analysis was used to analyze them and get overall odds ratios (OR) with 95% CIs. Funnel plots and the Begg’s and Egger’s test were used to assess publication bias. Thirty-one studies with 23,632 patients were finally included in the meta-analysis. The results showed an OR of 3.004 (95% CI = 2.097–4.303) for COVID-19 severity and an OR of 5.587 (95% CI = 2.810–11.112) for COVID-19 mortality. Compared with cardiovascular disease, the subgroup analysis indicated that cerebrovascular disease was more likely to increase the severity (OR = 3.400, 95% CI = 1.569–7.368) and mortality (OR = 23.477, 95% CI = 3.050–180.735) of COVID-19. Therefore, it can be inferred that cardio-cerebrovascular disease is associated with an increase in the risk of severe illness and death among COVID-19 patients. This meta-analysis showed that cardio-cerebrovascular disease has a significant relation with severe and death outcomes of COVID-19. Nurses should pay special attention to COVID-19 patients with the cardio-cerebrovascular disease.

This paper describes the following major difficulties faced by the Endoscopic Examination Service of the Filatov’s State Clinical Hospital 15 during re-profiling into a COVID-19 specialized hospital: staff shortage and difficulties in personal protective gear work. The measures that have been taken with regard to the endoscopic examination service are specified in detail: cease of scheduled endoscopic examinations, strengthening of endoscopic teams with additional staff during complex manipulations, rejecting the use of fiber optic devices. Results of examinations carried out including hemorrhaging endoscopic papillotomy, lithoextrac-tion, and endoscopic hemostasis have been described. It was concluded that as a result of the reforms carried out, the endoscopic service was able to fulfill completely the assigned tasks.

Práce je zaměřena na analýzu nakupování oděvů v internetových obchodech. První část je založena na teoretickém základu, kde je mimo jiné popsáno elektronické obchodování a podnikání, včetně členění e-commerce, výhod, současných trendů a stavu v České republice. Nechybí popis internetových obchodů, internetového marketingu a dále je tato část směřována k nákupnímu chování na internetu. Teorie je také rozšířena o kapitolu týkající se online nakupování v době pandemie COVID-19. Praktická část pak obsahuje vlastní výzkum, který byl proveden prostřednictvím dotazníku a je zaměřen na zhodnocení spokojenosti respondentů s konkrétními e-shopy, způsoby nakupování dotazovaných, marketing internetových obchodů a další. Na základě výsledků jsou navrhnuta doporučení, jimiž by se obchody mohly řídit. Obhájeno The work is focused on the analysis of buying clothes in online stores. The first part is based on a theoretical basis, which describes, among other things, electronic commerce and electronic business, including the structure of e-commerce, benefits, current trends and the situation in the Czech Republic. There is a description of online stores, internet marketing and this section is also focused on shopping behaviour on the Internet. The theory is extended by a chapter which is online shopping during the COVID-19 pandemic. The practical part then contains its own research, which was conducted through a questionnaire and is focused on evaluating the satisfaction of respondents with specific e-shops, ways of respondents shopping, marketing of online stores and more. Based on the results, recommendations are proposed

With the COVID-19 pandemic, the pharmaceutical companies have been forced to shift their focus on digital marketing and targeting their customers in a more personalized manner. Due to the strict regulations of the pharmaceutical industry and the complexity created by these regulations, the digital marketing approach has not been applied to its fullest extent earlier. Finding and using optimal and appropriate medium in delivering promotions and right information to the customers has become a challenge for the pharmaceutical companies along with digitalization and virtual interactions. The marketing activities concentrating to digitally focused approach has caused uncertainty on message resonance due to nuances getting lost in virtual engagements compared to face-to-face interactions. The physicians are to some extent dissatisfied towards pharmaceutical companies digital interactions, because the companies mainly offer promotional information about their products instead of education related to clinical practice desired by the physicians. The topic of this Master´s thesis is related to a real-life business need with a purpose to answer to the following research question: “What kind of an omnichannel solution model could work for a pharmaceutical company?”. The research question got answered by conducting a research which aim was to build an omnichannel model for customer interactions for a pharmaceutical marketing company, to test the model and reflect it back to existing theory as well as propose potential next steps to improve the model for the future use. As the omnichannel marketing aims to deliver consistent, integrated and personalized experience for the customer regardless of the used channel or device the constructive approach used in this thesis focused on providing and testing a solution for enhancing the customer engagement with relevant content offering by utilizing the channel offering used by the company. The constructed model fulfilled the set expectations and was proven to be functional and useful for the company. Due to confidentiality reasons the constructed model along with the functionality findings is classified and cannot be accessed by anyone outside the company. As the society is currently dismantling the restrictions set during the COVID-19 pandemic, the model needs to be adjusted to fit the hybrid collaboration with the company and its customers to be able to fully fit for the future interactions and business needs.

The purpose of this master thesis is to study the impact of the new coronavirus infection, which began in 2019, on container flows between two regions: Northern Europe and Asia. The COVID-19 impact is assessed in various aspects, firstly, from the point of view of market changes by modes of transport, secondly, from the adaptation business activities. The coronavirus pandemic is a relatively new disease and is proceeding vastly different from what it was before, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome or national epidemics in Africa like malaria, maternal and infant mortality, etc. The experience of previous studies cannot be fully applied to the coronavirus pandemic, and those studies that have appeared recently do not reflect the specifics of the container business in Northern Europe and future prospects of cargo flows development in different modes of transport. This research uses a qualitative approach to answer the research questions. The semi-structured interviews method was chosen to perform the answers. During the empirical part of the research, the information was collected and analyzed. Experts from different industries and regions took part of semi-structured interviews. Seven interviews were conducted with eight specialists of different levels to provide a broader assessment of the changes that have occurred and look at the problem from different angles. The results show that the cargo transported in containers did not undergo severe changes on Northern Europe – Asia route, the cargo’s structure remained constant. However, there has been a significant transformation in various modes of transport: a drop in volumes in maritime transport, a strong growth in the volume of rail traffic. Problems in transport efficiency between countries have been identified, which impede the further development of container traffic. It was noticed the reasons and the time bounds when container equipment became unavailable for cargo owners. In the main block of the study, the issues of price policy were considered, and it was found that sea transportation and air transportation increased significantly in price, while the situation in rail transport turned out to be more or less stable. In addition, this research examines the business responses to the pandemic, provides a future vision of why maritime and rail transport will continue to develop and why environmental standards are now playing an essential role in the transport business. Tämän tutkielman tarkoituksena on tarkastella uuden vuonna 2019 alkaneen koronavirustartunnan vaikutuksia konttiliikenteeseen Pohjois-Euroopan ja Aasian välillä. COVID-19-vaikutuksia arvioidaan eri näkökulmista, ensinnäkin liikennemuotojen markkinamuutosten näkökulmasta, toiseksi sopeutumisliiketoiminnasta. Koronaviruspandemia on suhteellisen uusi tauti ja etenee huomattavasti eri tavalla kuin aikaisemmat, kuten vakava akuutti hengitystieoireyhtymä tai Afrikan kansalliset epidemiat, esimerkiksi malaria, äiti- ja imeväiskuolleisuus jne. Aikaisempien tutkimusten tuloksia ei voida soveltaa sellaisenaan koronaviruspandemiaan, myös viimeaikaiset tutkimukset eivät vastaa kysymyksiin Pohjois-Euroopan konttiliiketoiminnan erityispiirteistä ja eri liikennemuotojen kauppavirtojen tulevasta kehityksestä. Tässä tutkimuksessa käytetään kvalitatiivista lähestymistapaa vastaamaan tutkimuskysymyksiin. Vastausten suorittamiseksi valittiin puolirakenteinen haastattelumenetelmä. Tutkimuksen empiirisen osan aikana tiedot kerättiin ja analysoitiin. Eri toimialojen ja alueiden asiantuntijat osallistuivat osittain jäsenneltyihin haastatteluihin. Seitsemän haastattelua tehtiin kahdeksan eritasoisen asiantuntijan kanssa arvioidakseen laajemmin tapahtuneita muutoksia ja tarkastelemalla ongelmaa eri näkökulmista. Tulokset osoittavat, että konttikuljetuksissa ei ole tapahtunut isoja muutoksia Pohjois-Euroopan ja Aasian välillä, rahdin rakenne pysyi vakiona. Eri liikennemuodoissa on kuitenkin tapahtunut merkittävä muutos: meriliikenteen volyymien lasku ja rautatieliikenteen voimakas kasvu. Maiden välisessä liikenteen tehokkuudessa on tunnistettu ongelmia, jotka estävät konttiliikenteen jatkokehitystä. Havaittiin syyt ja ajankohdat, jolloin konttilaitteet eivät enää olleet saatavilla lastin omistajille. Tutkimuksen pääosiossa tarkasteltiin hintapolitiikkaa ja todettiin, että merikuljetusten ja lentokuljetusten hinnat ovat nousseet huomattavasti, kun taas rautatieliikenteen tilanne pysyi enemmän tai vähemmän vakaana. Lisäksi tässä tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan yritysten reaktioita pandemiaan, tarjotaan tulevaisuuden näkemys siitä, miksi meri- ja rautatieliikenne kehittyy edelleen ja miksi ympäristöstandardit ovat nyt keskeisessä asemassa liikennealalla.

El proyecto “Desde el área de inglés de la institución educativa María Auxiliadora ¿Qué cápsulas educativas puede mejorar la pronunciación y el manejo del segundo idioma de las estudiantes que por la pandemia de Covid - 19 (coronavirus) desarrollan sus clases de forma virtual? Está dirigido a estudiantes de primaria en los grados (1°, 2°, 3 °, 4°, y 5°), dicha propuesta que observaran tuvo como finalidad implementar y construir en conjunto con las estudiantes CAPSULAS EDUCATIVAS que significativamente aumentaran los conocimientos, pronunciación, manejo e interpretación del lenguaje del comercio mundial, el inglés. La capsulas educativas desarrolladas propiciaron en gran medida la realización del método Montessori, el cual, se caracteriza por proveer un ambiente preparado: ordenado, estético, simple, real, donde cada elemento tiene su razón de ser en el desarrollo de los niños. El aula Montessori integra edades agrupadas en períodos de 3 años, lo que promueve naturalmente la socialización, el respeto y la solidaridad. capsulas educativas tiene articulaciones de orden curricular que pueden lograr mejoras en la pronunciación, manejo y conocimientos de las estudiantes en la segunda lengua. Es por ello, que estas nuevas estrategias se implementaran en todas las asignaturas de la institución, ya que impulsaron el aprendizaje de las estudiantes, aumentaron la participación de los padres en el proceso de enseñanza y construcción del conocimiento con sus hijos. Estas capsulas ayudaron no solo a las estudiantes, si no también, a la estructura interna de la organización y los currículos de todos los docentes, teniendo como estrategias adicionales ayudas que puedan servir como guía de lo que se enseñara durante el año en curso. The project “From the English area of the María Auxiliadora educational institution, what educational capsules can improve the pronunciation and use of the second language of the students who, due to the Covid - 19 pandemic (coronavirus), develop their classes virtually? It is aimed at primary school students in grades (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5), said proposal that they observed was intended to implement and build together with the students EDUCATIONAL CAPSULES that significantly increase knowledge, pronunciation, handling and interpretation of the world trade language, English. The educational capsules developed greatly favored the realization of the Montessori method, which is characterized by providing a prepared environment: orderly, aesthetic, simple, real, where each element has its reason for being in the development of children. The Montessori classroom integrates ages grouped in periods of 3 years, which naturally promotes socialization, respect and solidarity. educational capsules have curricular articulations that can achieve improvements in the pronunciation, management and knowledge of the students in the second language. That is why these new strategies were implemented in all subjects of the institution, since they promoted the learning of the students, increased the participation of parents in the teaching process and construction of knowledge with their children. These capsules helped not only the students, but also the internal structure of the organization and the curricula of all teachers, having as additional strategies aids that can serve as a guide to what will be taught during the current year.

La presente comunicación trata sobre la situación que enfrentó el sector florifrutihortícola de La Plata a partir de la pandemia causada por el Covid-19 y el ASPO. Propone particularmente estrategias llevadas a cabo por los productores familiares y los resultados de las mismas a diciembre de 2020. Nos proponemos analizar las estrategias llevadas a adelante por los productores familiares del sector florifrutihortícola del partido de La Plata en tiempos de la Covid- 19 y presentar resultados a a diciembre de 2020. Se sustenta en la recolección de información de fuentes primarias y secundarias a partir, tanto de entrevistas y trabajo de campo virtual, como también del análisis documental de artículos científicos, periodísticos, reglamentaciones protocolares e informes técnicos. El uso de dichas fuentes ha sido acompañado por la elaboración de cartografía temática y esquemas conceptuales. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación