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Bolivian produced quinoa is the fulcrum of a global value chain-analysis with focus on technology, organizations and production. The report contributes to answering why Bolivian produced quinoa have developed from a local product to a global value chain. The analysis follows an ontological realistic and epistemological relativistic perspective. It is based on statistical data and other scientific theses about the subject, which supports a retroductive approach. Quinoa is a healthy, edible seed, which can grow under various climatic conditions, but primarily is cultivated in the Andes Mountains. The seed has a long history in Bolivia (The Plurinational State of) that involves the Incas, the Spanish inquisition and the present organizing of peasants, which makes mechanization possible. Research and the new technology have enabled an expanding production and a more efficient processing why it is now possible to export. This has attracted new agents from the whole world who have spread the product to new markets. The development is furthermore analyzed as spatial change involving the production of space, new relational space and the breaking down of spatial barriers, which all contributes to a holistic understanding. It is partially therefore concluded that quinoa is a complex object with inner causal potentials that enables a change in its present context.

The following project Agriculture in Liberia - stories from four students seeks to provide a deeperunderstanding about how perceptions of roles and possibilities are linked to their education context.In order to do so an approach inspired by ethnography have been used when carrying out field workat the Oxfam IBIS Education of Youth Empowerment (EYE) center in Zwedru. We have used anexplorative approach doing our fieldwork when collecting our data which gave us the possibility tolet the surroundings influence our topic. Throughout the fieldwork we used informal conversations,participant observations and two types of interview methods. This data being the foundation for ourproject. For the analytical part of the project two theorist, Margaret Somers and Paulo Freire, havebeen used two shed light on the themes we found through coding our empirical data. In the end itbecomes possible to conclude, that the students achieve perspectives about what is possible forthem to change in their own life, but in Liberia as well. These perspectives are related to theagriculture skills accomplish.

Kan radardata fra satellitter bruges til at afdække omfanget af mindre sæsonbetingede oversvømmelser på eksempelvis marker? Hvor meget vand der skal til, før vi kan observere det via radardata? Og ved hvilke værdier defineres vand i datasættet? Hvordan skal data fra radarsatellitterne fortolkes, og hvordan fungerer teknologien? Dette er nogle af de spørgsmål der vil blive besvaret i dette projekt. Der vil blive taget udgangspunkt i empiriske feltstudier. Derudover vil der være data fra Sentinel-1 satellitterne i det Europæiske Copernicus program. Der vil derudover også blive taget udgangspunkt i TRIN-modellen fra Jørgensen 2017, for at forstå teknologien. Derudover vil der blive beskrevet, hvordan de øgede nedbørsmængder forventes at påvirke landbruget, samt risikoen for flere sæsonbetingede oversvømmelser.

Through this project the considerations behind introducing iPads and deliberately choosing not to use technology in two respective kindergartens are analysed. The Danish government, the representatives of the municipalities (KL) and the collective Danish regions (Danske Regioner) developed in 2011 a digital strategy in which they recommend the use of technology in Danish kindergartens. Observations in two the two kindergartens: Børnehuset Søndersø which uses iPads and Selmers Børnehus which does not use iPads, give us an understanding of the necessity of the presence of technology in the development of children’s learning abilities and play. The observations are supported by two interviews with the respective managers of the kindergartens, Susanne Frølund and Benthe Hansen. These interviews show which values are depicted in the kindergartens. Bruno Latour’s Actor-Network-Theory give us an understanding of how important the iPad is for the child as well as how the network created between the child and the iPad can help answer the research question. The theory of systems and lifeworld by Jürgen Habermas is used to determine which elements the kindergartens possess of the two types of society. Furthermore this project features a discussion of the themes derived from the empirical evidence. The themes are following: resources, social interaction, communication between the parents and the kindergarten, learning and development, and creativity. Additionally will the intentions behind KL’s digital strategy be discussed. The purpose of the strategy which is to inspire and encourage kindergartens to start using iPads, divides the Danish kindergartens. Some agree and some disagree. The visions of KL are therefore not necessarily met in all kindergartens. The evidence derived from the research shows, that the iPad can create a greater solidarity in the kindergarten as well as contribute to the development of creativeness and new methods of learning and teaching. The efficiency improvement in communication between the parents and the kindergarten can improve their relationship and at the same time the kindergarten teachers will get more time to take care of the children. On the other hand the iPad can be criticised for hindering the development of children’s creativeness and social competences as only one child can play with the iPad at a time, and this is only within the iPad’s beforehand installed programs.

The newspapers are facing a crisis, and the news is more commonly read on the internet. It has not always been like this. In this project we examine the devel-opment of the state of the media, and the democratic consequences that follow. Our project starts from the following problem definition: How has the state of the media evolved from the first newspapers up until today, and what impact has it had, and does it continue to have to the democracy? We have divided our problem up into the following work questions. - How does Habermas’ theory on the public sphere relate to the actual develop-ment in the state of the media, before the year 2000 and after, and in the public debate? - How can we use Castells’ and Hardt & Negri’s theories to describe the devel-opment of the state of the media from the millennium until today? - What pros and cons can we find in digital news dissemination? - What are the consequences in the development towards the democracy? To answer our problem definition, we have built our project up around a historic-empiric section about the development of the state of the media before and after the year 2000. Next, a theory-section about Habermas’ theory on the public sphere, Castells’ theory on the network society and the new ways of communication, and some additional theory to back it up. These will help us explain the contexts that exist between the development and the democracy. We have also made some inter-views with a head of news at a major Danish newspaper, and a media-expert, which add qualitative expert-statements regarding our problem. On the basis of historic-empery, theory and interviews, we have analysed and discussed the problem. This leads to the following conclusion: We are on the brink of a historic boundary within the media. The traditional media is facing a serious crisis, and the digitalized media is expanding rapidly. The new digital media consumption can bring a new, postmodern public sphere, in which the citizens have a whole new set of possibilities in submitting critical views, debating and possibly gaining political influence, but the potential does not seem fulfilled. We can conclude that the internet media is not yet ready to dominate the entire state of the media, without it causing serious democratic consequences. If the new media is to create a new space for dialogue, which will benefit and strengthen the democracy, there must be taken some precautions, which will counter and control the media development. It is important that the new media receives enough resources to be able to act as the fourth power of the State in the future by putting relevant topics on the agenda for debate, since this is essential for a well-functioning democracy.

“Multifunctional land consolidation” (in Danish: “multifunktionel jordfordeling”) is a regulatory approach to land use that encourages efforts to combat climate change and increase biodiversityin combination with other societal interests such as rural development, opportunities for recreation, and economic development for farmers. Since 2019, the Danish Agricultural Agency has run apilot subsidy scheme granting municipalities the funds to cover land consolidation charges through voluntary agreements with landowners. Using theories of governance and multifunctionality, thisproject analyses the opportunities of the pilot scheme to contribute to the mitigation of climate change and improvements of biodiversity. It is argued that the municipalities running projects mustdevelop new competencies as facilitators, which in turn reflects an emerging supervisory mode of governance. However, while voluntary participation is essential, the scheme does not require projects to be fully co-created by landowners and residents, and the funding structure of the scheme also undermines this effort. We argue that a greater focus on co-creation and more funding within the scheme could lead to greater levels of landowner support, which in turn could generate larger-scale changes in support of sustainable land use.

Dagens podcast produceres som del af dissemineringen af undersøgelsen - Evaluering Af Digitalt Understøttet Læring På Aalborg Universitet I 2020 - Underviser- Og Studenterperspektiver På Universitetets Nedlukning Som Følge Af Covid-19, som blev foretaget i efteråret 2020 og dækkede undervisere og studerendes oplevelser af arbejds- og studielivet i relation til studieaktiviteter på AAU i foråret 2020 til efteråret 2020. Rapporten er struktureret omkring 5 hovedtemaer: Digitalt understøttet undervisning, PBL-modellen, Vejledning, Eksamen, og sidst Trivsel, motivation og identitet. Denne podcastserie vil dække dele af disse temaer over 3 afsnit og i dag i denne første del taler vi om trivsel, motivation og identitet med fokus på studerende.

This paper aims to examine the environmental issue constituted by the Danish import of soy used in pig feed. The problem this poses is that the soy is genetically modified so to be resistant to the pesticide RoundUp. The implication of this is widespread usage of RoundUp on the soy fields in Argentina, causing both environmental and health problems for the local populace. Additionally, more environmental complications arise when taking into account the deforestation realised by the massive demand for more soy fields. Abstract One solution to this issue could be the application of hydroponics. Hydroponics is a technology used to grow plants in soilless environments. The benefits to this type of cultivation are many. First, crops can be grown irrespective of the natural environment. Second, plants experience less disease in hydroponic gardens than in similar conventional systems. Third, hydroponic proponents claim increased yield and higher effeciency than conventional counterparts. Abstract In light of these apparent benefits, this paper will be investigating the extent to which it is possible to utilize locally produced hydroponically cultivated soy to supply the Danish pig industry. Interviews have been conducted with representatives of the Danish pig industry. These representatives are Jesper Pagh, vicepresident of the department of livestock nutrition and pigs at DLG, and Hans Aarestrup, CEO of LaDS. Additionally, this paper features calculations and models of the technological and economic efficiency of hydroponic systems. Likewise, interviews have been conducted with Søren Husted, professor in plant nutrients at the University of Copenhagen, and Torben Chrintz, chief Knowledge Officer at the Danish think tank Concito. The qualitative and the quantitative analysis within this paper applies expert knowdledge as retrieved from the interviews. Abstract In conclusion, the investigation has lead us to conclude that certain aspects of hydroponic cultivation do show promising results. However, some challenges present themselves in the context of utilizing soy for pig feed. The most pressing challenges include the extent of the demand for soy, as well as the amount of energy required to industrialize hydroponic cultivation in Denmark. To some extent this problem would be alleviated, were the soy grown hydroponically in countries with more suitable environments such as Argentina. Gauging current trends in the global populations demand for meat, including pork meat, and, subsequently soy, seems to be on an increase. This is viewed as a realistic scenario, since the population of the world and the global middle class will only grow according to current trend statistics. Dansk: Denne opgave tager sit udgangpunkt i det miljøproblem, som den danske import af soja til brug som svinefoder udgør. Dette problem udgøres primært af faktum, at sojaen, der primært importeres fra Argentina, er genmodificeret til at være resistent overfor RoundUp. Det betyder, at der benyttes store mængder RoundUp på de argentinske sojamarker, hvilket resulterer i både miljøpåvirkninger og sundhedsproblemer hos lokalbefolkningen. Ydermere har den massive efterspørgsel på soja betydet at store områder er blevet afskovet, med miljøorienterede konsekvenser til følge. Hydroponik er en teknologi, hvor man dyrker planter i jordløse systemer. Der er mange fordele ved denne type dyrkning, bl.a. dét at man kan dyrke planter under klimatiske forhold der ellers ikke er gunstige for bestemt typer afgrøder. Ydermere er der færre sygdomsforekomster, mindre sygdomsspredning og en højere effektivitet. Denne opgave søger således at undersøge, hvilket handlerum der er, for at anvende et dansk hydroponisk landbrug til fremstillingen af sojabaseret foder til danske svineavlere. For at besvare denne problemstilling benyttes interviews med repræsentanter for de danske svineproducenter, nærmere bestemt Jesper Pagh fra DLG, vicedirektør for DLGs afdeling for husdyrernæring og svin, og Hans Aarestrup, direktor for LaDS. Ydermere benyttes udregninger og modeller for den teknologiske og økonomiske effektivitet, af hydroponiske systemer. Både den kvalitative og den kvantitative del suppleres med ekspertviden opnået gennem interviews. Nærmere bestemt interviews med Søren Husted, professor i plantenæringsstoffer hos Københavns Universitet, samt med Torben Chrintz, videnschef for tænketanken Concito. I opgaven finder vi, at der er visse potentialer ved hydroponisk dyrkning, men at der også er en række udfordringer og barrierer, for denne teknologi som løsning til det undersøgte formål. Herunder mest tydeligt det, at omfanget af efterspørgslen på soja er så stort som det er samt at det vil kræve store mængder energi tilført. Dette kan i en vis grad løses ved at dyrke sojaen hydroponisk i lande med mere gunstige temperaturforhold, f.eks. Argentina. Såfremt hydryponisk dyrkning kan bidrage til en større effektivitet i dyrkningen af soja, vil man forhåbentlig også kunne undgå afskovning af endnu større områder, i takt med at den globale efterspørgsel på kød stiger. Dette er et ganske realistisk scenario, i takt med at den verdensbefolkningen og den globale middelklasse bliver større.

In this study the potential for reduction of greenhouse gasses from the Danish agricultural sector by the implementation of pyrolysis in manure management is evaluated. Using Life Cycle Assessment Carbon Footprints of the following four manure management systems are calculated based on the functional unit management of 1 ton of pig manure:• Ref 1: Manure is applied directly to soil• Ref 2: Manure is used for biogas production then applied to soil• Scen 1: Manure separated in liquid and fibrous fractions. The fibrous fraction is used for pyrolysis and biochar is applied to soil. The liquid fraction is applied directly to soil• Scen 2: Manure is used for biogas production then separated in liquid and fibrous fractions. The fibrous fraction is used for pyrolysis and biochar is applied to soil. The liquid fraction is applied directly to soilCombined, the two reference systems represent the current manure management system in Denmark where 20% of all manure is used for biogas production. A Carbon Footprint of 167 kg CO2e per ton manure was found for this system. This functions as the basis of comparison for the two pyrolysis scenarios.The Carbon Footprint of Scen 1 and Scen 2 was found to be 87 and 121 kg CO2e per ton manure representing a 48% and 27% reduction compared to the current manure management, respectively. The main causes of the reduction are reduced emissions of methane from storage and CO2 from field processes. Using these Carbon Footprints reduction potentials were calculated assuming implementation of the pyrolysis scenarios for the total amount of pig- and dairy manure in Denmark. A potential reduction of 3.7 mio ton CO2e for Scen 1 and 2.1 for Scen 2. This corresponds to 34% and 19% of the total emissions from the Danish agricultural sector.

The purpose of this project is to examine the approach to digitalisation in a Danish municipality called Næstved. The municipality has chosen not to have a digital strategy and instead use digitalisation principles, which is why this project examines what those digitalisation principles can do in terms of supporting the digitalisation in Næstved municipality, that the municipality believes digital strategies cannot. The project is centered around the IT and Digitalisation department and its team leader, as they are responsible for implementing the digitalisation principles.To get a better understanding of what strategies are and when they fail, strategies, strategic planning and plans by Mintzberg (1987; 1994; 2000) is included. George et al. (2019), and Correani et al. (2020) is included for the purpose of getting a better understanding of how to make a strategy and how to implement one. As it is also important to understand how to use principles in theory and not just how the municipality uses them in practise, Rozanski and Woods (2005) is included. Lastly, as part of using the digitalisation principles is part of a larger digital transformation process Mergel et al. (2019) is used.For the empirical data collection several interviews have been conducted primarily using a semi- structured qualitative method, and to process the data, a codebook method has been used following DeCuir-Gunby et al. (2011). From the codebook, two theory driven codes were created: strategies and digital transformation and two data driven codes: digital principles and the department of IT and Digitalisation. These four codes will be the focal point of the analysis.With the discussion we aim to examine the IT and Digitalisation department and discuss three things: their role in relation to the digital transformation, how the digitalisation principles are used in practise and compared to the theory, and lastly discuss their role when it comes to strategies, and how Næstved municipality could potentially involve some strategic planning.In conclusion, digitalisation principles can, in collaboration with the Joint Digital Government Strategy, replace a municipally situated digital strategy. However, if the IT and Digitalisation department wants the digitalisation principles to be more situated in the different departments of the municipality, then they will have to do some planning to support this vision as it will not happen organically.