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Purpose – The COVID-19 has brought with it valuable opportunities for the retail sector. Notably, online channels have assumed a key role for businesses that can rely less on physical channels due to the pandemic’s restrictions. Within this context, the study aims to identify the main antecedents leading to the formation of the male and female customers’ continuance intention of using online food delivery services (OFDS) in the restaurant industry. Design/methodology/approach – A web-based self-completion survey and a subsequent structural equation modelling have been employed on a sample of 360 participants. Findings – Findings reveal that perceived healthiness, quarantine procedures, perceived hygiene, perceived ease of app use and attitude significantly influence continuance intention. Moreover, the moderator analysis corroborates that male consumers’ continuance intention is mainly influenced by perceived healthiness, quarantine procedures and perceived hygiene. Conversely, female customers’ continuance intention is predicated on perceived healthiness and attitude. Research limitations/implications – Although the adoption of a sample of young customers (18–29 years) guarantees good research internal validity, findings are not generalizable. Practical implications – The study provides valuable contributions for restaurants related to the (1) creation/management of their own OFDS platforms; (2) selection of the right third-party platforms. Originality/value – The paper is one of the first studies examining the predictors impacting on customers’ OFDS continuance intention in the COVID-19 context by also focusing on gender differences.

O presente trabalho investiga o comportamento dos investidores nos mercados financeiros em períodos de crise. Em particular, este estudo investiga quais os determinantes sociodemográficos do comportamento dos investidores durante o período de crise fruto da pandemia COVID-19, usando o principal índice português, o PSI 20, como objeto de estudo. Os dados foram disponibilizados por uma das principais instituições financeiras do mercado português e contêm transações de 15 943 indivíduos para os anos de 2019 e 2020. Através de testes ANOVA e do método dos mínimos quadrados, é concluído que há efetivamente variáveis sociodemográficas que impactam o comportamento dos investidores nos mercados financeiros em períodos de crise. Investidores do género masculino são os mais ativos no mercado bolsista em períodos de crise e o estado civil não se relaciona com a atividade nos mercados de capitais. Riqueza, educação e a idade do investidor têm um impacto positivo nos montantes investidos em períodos de crise e a antiguidade do cliente tem um impacto negativo. Relativamente às características do individuo perante a instituição, a posse de uma conta de depósito a prazo com a instituição tem um impacto negativo no montante investido no mercado de capitais em períodos de crise. Já a posse de pelo menos um empréstimo com a instituição demonstra ter um impacto positivo na variável, com os investidores que possuem empréstimos a investir mais no mercado de capitais durante a pandemia. This paper investigates the sociodemographic characteristics of capital markets investors' behaviour during the pandemic period. For this purpose, we use data provided by a major Portuguese financial institution that comprises data for 15,943 individuals' transactions during 2019 and 2020. Using ANOVA tests and OLS estimations it was concluded that there are sociodemographic variables that impact investors’ behaviour towards the market in crisis periods. Male investors are more active during crisis periods than female investors and marital status was seen to not impact trading activity. Investors' wealth, education and age influence invested amounts in a positive way whereas client seniority has a negative impact. The possession of a savings account was seen to impact trading activity negatively while the possession of a loan had a positive impact on amounts traded during the pandemic.

Background: Our March 2021 edition of this review showed thoracic imaging computed tomography (CT) to be sensitive and moderately specific in diagnosing COVID-19 pneumonia. This new edition is an update of the review. Objectives: Our objectives were to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of thoracic imaging in people with suspected COVID-19; assess the rate of positive imaging in people who had an initial reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) negative result and a positive RT-PCR result on follow-up; and evaluate the accuracy of thoracic imaging for screening COVID-19 in asymptomatic individuals. The secondary objective was to assess threshold effects of index test positivity on accuracy. Search methods: We searched the COVID-19 Living Evidence Database from the University of Bern, the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register, The Stephen B. Thacker CDC Library, and repositories of COVID-19 publications through to 17 February 2021. We did not apply any language restrictions. Selection criteria: We included diagnostic accuracy studies of all designs, except for case-control, that recruited participants of any age group suspected to have COVID-19. Studies had to assess chest CT, chest X-ray, or ultrasound of the lungs for the diagnosis of COVID-19, use a reference standard that included RT-PCR, and report estimates of test accuracy or provide data from which we could compute estimates. We excluded studies that used imaging as part of the reference standard and studies that excluded participants with normal index test results. Data collection and analysis: The review authors independently and in duplicate screened articles, extracted data and assessed risk of bias and applicability concerns using QUADAS-2. We presented sensitivity and specificity per study on paired forest plots, and summarized pooled estimates in tables. We used a bivariate meta-analysis model where appropriate. Main results: We included 98 studies in this review. Of these, 94 were included for evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of thoracic imaging in the evaluation of people with suspected COVID-19. Eight studies were included for assessing the rate of positive imaging in individuals with initial RT-PCR negative results and positive RT-PCR results on follow-up, and 10 studies were included for evaluating the accuracy of thoracic imaging for imagining asymptomatic individuals. For all 98 included studies, risk of bias was high or unclear in 52 (53%) studies with respect to participant selection, in 64 (65%) studies with respect to reference standard, in 46 (47%) studies with respect to index test, and in 48 (49%) studies with respect to flow and timing. Concerns about the applicability of the evidence to: participants were high or unclear in eight (8%) studies; index test were high or unclear in seven (7%) studies; and reference standard were high or unclear in seven (7%) studies. Imaging in people with suspected COVID-19. We included 94 studies. Eighty-seven studies evaluated one imaging modality, and seven studies evaluated two imaging modalities. All studies used RT-PCR alone or in combination with other criteria (for example, clinical signs and symptoms, positive contacts) as the reference standard for the diagnosis of COVID-19. For chest CT (69 studies, 28285 participants, 14,342 (51%) cases), sensitivities ranged from 45% to 100%, and specificities from 10% to 99%. The pooled sensitivity of chest CT was 86.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 83.6 to 89.6), and pooled specificity was 78.3% (95% CI 73.7 to 82.3). Definition for index test positivity was a source of heterogeneity for sensitivity, but not specificity. Reference standard was not a source of heterogeneity. For chest X-ray (17 studies, 8529 participants, 5303 (62%) cases), the sensitivity ranged from 44% to 94% and specificity from 24 to 93%. The pooled sensitivity of chest X-ray was 73.1% (95% CI 64. to -80.5), and pooled specificity was 73.3% (95% CI 61.9 to 82.2). Definition for index test positivity was not found to be a source of heterogeneity. Definition for index test positivity and reference standard were not found to be sources of heterogeneity. For ultrasound of the lungs (15 studies, 2410 participants, 1158 (48%) cases), the sensitivity ranged from 73% to 94% and the specificity ranged from 21% to 98%. The pooled sensitivity of ultrasound was 88.9% (95% CI 84.9 to 92.0), and the pooled specificity was 72.2% (95% CI 58.8 to 82.5). Definition for index test positivity and reference standard were not found to be sources of heterogeneity. Indirect comparisons of modalities evaluated across all 94 studies indicated that chest CT and ultrasound gave higher sensitivity estimates than X-ray (P = 0.0003 and P = 0.001, respectively). Chest CT and ultrasound gave similar sensitivities (P=0.42). All modalities had similar specificities (CT versus X-ray P = 0.36; CT versus ultrasound P = 0.32; X-ray versus ultrasound P = 0.89). Imaging in PCR-negative people who subsequently became positive. For rate of positive imaging in individuals with initial RT-PCR negative results, we included 8 studies (7 CT, 1 ultrasound) with a total of 198 participants suspected of having COVID-19, all of whom had a final diagnosis of COVID-19. Most studies (7/8) evaluated CT. Of 177 participants with initially negative RT-PCR who had positive RT-PCR results on follow-up testing, 75.8% (95% CI 45.3 to 92.2) had positive CT findings. Imaging in asymptomatic PCR-positive people. For imaging asymptomatic individuals, we included 10 studies (7 CT, 1 X-ray, 2 ultrasound) with a total of 3548 asymptomatic participants, of whom 364 (10%) had a final diagnosis of COVID-19. For chest CT (7 studies, 3134 participants, 315 (10%) cases), the pooled sensitivity was 55.7% (95% CI 35.4 to 74.3) and the pooled specificity was 91.1% (95% CI 82.6 to 95.7). Authors' conclusions: Chest CT and ultrasound of the lungs are sensitive and moderately specific in diagnosing COVID-19. Chest X-ray is moderately sensitive and moderately specific in diagnosing COVID-19. Thus, chest CT and ultrasound may have more utility for ruling out COVID-19 than for differentiating SARS-CoV-2 infection from other causes of respiratory illness. The uncertainty resulting from high or unclear risk of bias and the heterogeneity of included studies limit our ability to confidently draw conclusions based on our results.

It is by now a truism that the Covid-19 pandemic has fundamentally transformed everyday life and has done so to the extent that the old normal is unlikely to ever return. While the current debate concerning such transformations mainly concerns matters of public health, economic practices, or politics, this chapter focuses on matters of technological governance in response to the pandemic, primarily in urban environments. The latter are of particular importance both due to their pandemic challenges (high population density that contributes to the spread of contagion) and due to greater commercial scalability of either the solutions themselves or of indirect rewards for such solutions (data, embeddedness in decision-making processes). The response to the pandemic is seen as structured around a paradox: on the one hand, the pandemic has clearly demonstrated human interrelatedness with and embeddedness in both their natural and technological environments – a condition that clearly answers the posthumanist field of concerns. Simultaneously, though, the ensuing disruption to the established ways of life and the trauma caused by the undermining of the anthropocentric fantasy have led to a techno-solutionist overdetermination – a doubling down on technology in order to regain (a semblance of) mastery. The crux of the matter is, however, that such techno-solutionism has only deepened exploitation through datafication, as opposed to reassertion of human primacy.

Interviews from Manara DF, Villa G, Korelic L, Arrigoni C, Dellafiore F, Milani V, Ghizzardi G, Magon A, Giannetta N, Caruso R. One-week longitudinal daily description of moral distress, coping, and general health in healthcare workers during the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy: A quantitative diary study. Acta Biomed. 2021 Oct 5;92(S6):e2021461. doi: 10.23750/abm.v92iS6.12313. PMID: 34739455. Abstract Background and aim of the work .The fluctuation from day to day within a working week of moral distress, coping, and general health of frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) in facing the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic has been poorly studied. This study described the weekly fluctuation from day to day of moral distress, coping, and general health in frontline HCWs who worked during the first epidemic wave (May-June 2020) of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. Methods: This study has an intensive longitudinal design, and a convenience sampling procedure was employed to enroll physicians, nurses, allied health professions, and healthcare assistants. Data collection was performed using diary encompassed four sections: a socio-demographic form (required only at the baseline data collection) and three scales to assess moral distress, coping, and general health. Results: Results confirmed poor perceived health and mild moral distress in frontline HCWs, especially in HCWs with offspring, during the initial phases of the COVID-19 pandemic and the stability of their daily perception over a working week regarding moral distress, general health, and avoidant coping strategy, while approach coping strategy reported a slight fluctuation over time. Conclusions: Accordingly, on the one hand, these results confirm that outcomes regarding mental health and moral distress are pretty stable and provide insights, on the other hand, regarding the possible organizational interventions to support approach coping strategy as it seems more susceptible to variation over time.

A inseparabilidade entre os cuidados de saúde e a economia tornou-se evidente com o aparecimento da COVID-19. Palavras como incerteza, pandemia, confinamento, passaram a fazer parte do nosso dia-a-dia, afetando diretamente a indústria das instalações e serviços de cuidados de saúde, a qual está a adaptar-se a uma nova realidade cujo ponto final é a epidemicidade ou endemicidade deste vírus. Assim, esta Dissertação ambiciona analisar qual o valor da Fresenius SE & Co. KGaA, tendo por base diferentes modelos de avaliação, com o objetivo de formar uma decisão de investimento. Foram considerados fatores como o desenrolar das taxas de vacinação, o aparecimento de novas variantes, o impacto das disrupções nas cadeias de abastecimento, e o aumento generalizado dos preços. Deste modo, a avaliação teve por base três métodos: DCF, avaliação relativa pela soma das partes, e avaliação relativa utilizando apenas um único grupo de pares para a Fresenius como um todo. Considerando os diferentes fatores macroeconómicos e específicos de cada indústria, e atribuindo a mesma preponderância aos diferentes métodos utilizados, conclui-se que o preço alvo final da empresa é de €41.73, o que traduz um retorno potencial de 17.9% face ao preço de fecho de €35.40, a 31 de Dezembro, 2021, refletindo assim uma recomendação de compra. As análises de sensibilidade, de cenários, e simulação de Monte Carlo vieram corroborar estes valores, evidenciando um maior ganho potencial. Por último, realizou-se uma comparação dos resultados com os métodos de avaliação seguidos pela Credit Suisse e Morgan Stanley, e correspondentes preços alvo. The inseparability between healthcare and the economy became evident with the emergence of COVID-19. Words as uncertainty, pandemic, lockdown, have become part of our everyday life, directly affecting the healthcare facilities and services industry, which is adapting to a new reality whose endpoint is the epidemicity or endemicity of this virus. Therefore, this Dissertation aims to analyse the value of Fresenius SE & Co. KGaA based on different valuation models in order to form an investment decision. Factors such as the unfolding of vaccination rates, the appearance of new variants, the impact of supply-chains disruptions, and the general increase in prices were considered. Thus, the valuation was based on three methods: DCF, relative sum-of-the-parts valuation, and a relative valuation using a single peer group for Fresenius as a whole. Considering the different macroeconomic and industry-specific factors, and attributing the same preponderance to the different methods used, the final target price of the company is €41.73, which translates into an upside potential of 17.9% against the closing price of €35.40 on 31st December, 2021, thus reflecting a buy recommendation. The sensitivity analysis, scenario analysis and Monte Carlo simulation corroborated these values, indicating a greater potential upside. Finally, a comparison of the results with the valuation methods followed by Credit Suisse and Morgan Stanley, and correspondent target prices, was carried out.

Dataset from Tiziana NANIA, Rosario CARUSO, Claudia Aparecida DE MORAIS, Federica DELLAFIORE What is the level of post-traumatic stress disorder experienced by Italian University students during the Covid-19 pandemic? Result of an online survey 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103373 ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To date, level of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms experienced from university students during the peak of Covid-19 in Italy is until under investigated. Therefore, this study aims to describe PTDS related to the Covid-19 outbreak among Italian uni- versity students. METHODS A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted, involving convenience and consecutive sampling of Italians University students. A self-reported web questionnaire on the on-line platform Qualtrics®, was used to data collect, in March and April 2020. RESULTS Overall, 720 Italian University students participated to this study. The sample are major male (80.7%) with an average mean of 23.52 years. The results of data analysis highlighted the important level of PTSD experienced from Italian University students during the Covid-19 outbreak, especially by female students that presented higher levels of PTSD. Additionally, no diff erences were found between students in healthcare fi eld and not in healthcare fi eld. CONCLUSIONS The results showed, for the fi rst time, the level of PTSD experienced by Italian Universities students, triggered by the psycho- log-ical consequences of the health emergency Covid-19. This situation requires public health interventions aimed at preventing the early development of such mental disorders, which negatively aff ect the growth of future generations.

The chapter analyses the relevance of populist political leadership and political parties in Lithuania focusing on the causes of their rise and the growth of their (un-) popularity. It aims at answering the following questions: which political leaders and political parties are considered populist in Lithuania? What are the causes of their rise and factors influencing their popularity? What are specific characteristics of Lithuanian populist political parties and movements? First, author reviews the development and changing environment of populism in Lithuania during the last 20 years trying to make a list of relevant cases of populist leadership and political parties. Second, the discourse and specifics of rhetoric of the selected cases is examined by making analysis of their election materials and messages in the media. The author concludes with the discussion of recent events related to the populism in Lithuania in the context of COVID-19 crisis.

Data and code supporting the article (currently under review): Comparison of Drug Prescribing Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic - A Cross-national European Study Prescription data from January 2017 to March 2021 for the Czech Republic, Germany, Lithuania, Slovenia, Spain (Catalonia), Sweden, and the United Kingdom (Scotland). Data include the codes of the Anatomical-Therapeutic-Chemical classification (ATC) and corresponding numbers of dispensed defined daily doses (DDDs) and packs, aggregated by country, month and ATC. For more information, see the accompanying document ReadMe.txt.