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apps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2016 Denmark EnglishWiley-VCH Deville, Claire; Padamati, Sandeep K.; Sundberg, Jonas; McKee, Vickie; Browne, Wesley R.; McKenzie, Christine;University of Southe... arrow_drop_down University of Southern Denmark Research OutputOther ORP type . 2016Data sources: University of Southern Denmark Research OutputDo the share buttons not appear? Please make sure, any blocking addon is disabled, and then reload the page.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______3062::2780bbaab3d8b1668e9a52cb8d31675d&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2020 Denmark DanishLüchau, Elle Christine;Lüchau, Elle Christine;University of Southe... arrow_drop_down University of Southern Denmark Research OutputOther ORP type . 2020Data sources: University of Southern Denmark Research OutputDo the share buttons not appear? Please make sure, any blocking addon is disabled, and then reload the page.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______3062::8b692029c3dd29bd74393f49d9487544&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2019 Denmark DanishAlving, Berit Elisabeth; Haastrup, Mette Fentz;Alving, Berit Elisabeth; Haastrup, Mette Fentz;Indeholder moduler opdelt i temaer, som indeholder links, videoer og tekstuddrag, samt oplæg til refleksion og diskussion. Anvendes internt for partnere under Et Sundere Syddanmark - Gymnasiepanelet.
University of Southe... arrow_drop_down University of Southern Denmark Research OutputOther ORP type . 2019Data sources: University of Southern Denmark Research OutputDo the share buttons not appear? Please make sure, any blocking addon is disabled, and then reload the page.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______3062::a2f98e8f9eb82f3430d4138c6d965fc4&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2016 Denmark DanishSodemann, Morten;Sodemann, Morten;University of Southe... arrow_drop_down University of Southern Denmark Research OutputOther ORP type . 2016Data sources: University of Southern Denmark Research OutputDo the share buttons not appear? Please make sure, any blocking addon is disabled, and then reload the page.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______3062::af73e8aa7084d78595defc0555d768ec&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2021 Denmark EnglishSyddansk Universitet. Det Samfundsvidenskabelige Fakultet Jespersen, Christian;Jespersen, Christian;Afhandlingen analyserer i hvilket omfang Traktatfrihederne forpligter medlemsstaterne til at yde kompensation for underskud til koncerner og til selskaber med faste driftssteder. Afhandlingen er inddelt i otte kapitler. Afhandlingens kapitel 1 præsenterer emnet, problemformulering samt metode.Afhandlingens kapitel 2 introducerer emnet på medlemsstabsniveau. Dette kapitelintroducerer de udfordringer, som - på den ene side - den asymmetriske behandling af overskud og underskud og - på den anden side - de grundlæggende principper for beskatning skaber i relation til fradrag, som skaber et underskud. Herudover beskriver kapitlet de mest almindelige metoder, som anvendes for at yde underskudskompensation. Endelige beskriver kapitlet de udfordringer, som opstår i relation til underskudskompensation, når selskaber og koncerner udøver grænseoverskridende virksomhed. Afhandlingens kapitel 3-5 introducerer de fire friheder og redegør for, hvordan EU domstolen vurderer, om en national skattelovgivning er i uoverensstemmelse med en traktatfrihed. Kapitel 3 introducerer de fire traktatfriheder og redegør for traktatfrihedernes restriktionsbegreb, som dette fortolkes i relation til nationale regler på området for direkte beskatning. På grundlag af dette indledende kapitel uddyber kapitel 4 restriktionstesten, som består af henholdsvis ulempetesten of sammenlignelighedstesten, mens kapitel 5 uddyber justifikationstesten.Afhandlingens kapitel 6-7 analyserer EU-domstolens praksis vedrørende underskudskompensation. Kapitel 6 analyserer i hvilket omfang en medlemsstat er forpligtet til at yde kompensation for underskud lidt af koncerner i grænseoverskridende situationer. Dette afsnit analyserer således EU-domstolens praksis vedrørende horisontalekompensationsordninger samt underskudsanvendelse i forlængelse af en fusion. Kapitel 7 analyserer i hvilket omfang en medlemsstat er forpligtet til at yder kompensation for underskud lidt af et selskab med et fast driftssted. Dette afsnit analyserer EU-domstolens praksis vedrørende fradrag for underskud i det underskudsgivende indkomstår, fradrag for underskud i medfør af vertikale kompensationsordninger, genbeskatning af underskud som allerede er taget i betragtning og udskydelse af beskatning som følge af underskud. The thesis analyses to what extent the Treaty freedoms require the EU Member State to provide loss compensation to corporate groups and to companies with permanent establishments in the European Union. The thesis is divided into eight chapters. The first part of the thesis presents the subject, the research questions, the motivation for the choice of subject, delimitation and legal philosophy and methods.Chapter 2 introduces the subject on Member State-level. This chapter introduces the challenges that are caused by - on the one hand - the asymmetrical treatment of profits and loss and - on the other hand - the fundamental principles of taxation in respect of losses. This chapter further introduces the most common methods adopted in order to provide loss compensation. Finally, the chapter elaborates on the challenges that arise in relation to loss compensation when corporate groups and companies exercise cross-border activity.Chapter 3-5 introduces the four Treaty freedoms and explain how the European Court of justice examines whether a nation legislation on direct taxation violates a Treaty freedom. Chapter 3 introduces the four Treaty freedoms and explains how the European Court of Justice interprets the concept of restriction in respect of national legislation on direct taxation. On that basis, chapter 4 elaborates on the restriction test, which comprises the disadvantage test and the comparability test, while chapter 5 elaborates on the justification test.Chapters 6-7 analyses the case law of the European Court of Justice on loss compensation. Chapter 6 analyses to what extent the Treaty freedoms require a Member State to provide loss compensation to corporate groups in cross-border situations. This chapter analyses the case law on horizontal loss compensation schemes and national provisions providing for loss compensation in the context of a merger. Chapter 7 analyses to what extent a Member State is required to provide loss compensation to a company with a permanent establishment. This chapter analyses the case law concerning deductions of losses during the loss-making income year, deduction of losses by means of horizontal loss compensation schemes, reincorporation of losses previously deduction and the deferral of taxation as a consequence of losses.Chapter 8 contains the conclusion on the thesis. This chapter concludes to what extent the Treaty freedoms require the Member States to provide loss compensation to corporate groups in cross-border situations and to a company with a permanent establishment.
University of Southe... arrow_drop_down University of Southern Denmark Research OutputOther ORP type . 2021Data sources: University of Southern Denmark Research OutputDo the share buttons not appear? Please make sure, any blocking addon is disabled, and then reload the page.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______3062::539bc4c2a75f39b6941f193df7324c73&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2022 Denmark EnglishSyddansk Universitet. Det Sundhedsvidenskabelige Fakultet Mai Nielsen, Sabrina;Mai Nielsen, Sabrina;Kontekstuelle faktorer (Eng. contextual factors) er vigtige for at få en dybere forståelse af resultaterne fra kliniske forsøg. Gennem det globale Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT)-initiativ er der et presserende behov for vejledning i at identificere kontekstuelle faktorer, når der udvikles såkaldte core outcome sets (dvs. et minimum set af målinger der skal foretages i kliniske forsøg). Dette førte til dannelsen af OMERACT-arbejdsgruppen, Contextual Factors Working Group.1. Først præciserede vi det overordnede formål for arbejdsgruppen og udviklede en forskningsplan (artikel I). Hovedformålet var at udvikle en operationel definition og vejledning i at håndtere kontekstuelle faktorer i forsøg indenfor reumatologi, når der udvikles core outcome sets. Derudover ønskede vi at udvikle et generisk sæt af vigtige kontekstuelle faktorer for reumatologiske forsøg.2. Vi undersøgte forskellige forståelser af begrebet kontekstuelle faktorer (artikel II). Ved hjælp af semistrukturerede interviews med 12 forskere/klinikere og 7 patienter, samt kvalitativ indholdsanalyse af interviewdataene, fandt vi to overordnede temaer, der tilsammen beskriver fire forskellige typer af kontekstuelle faktorer, hvoraf tre var relevante indenfor OMERACT.3. Vi udviklede en operationel definition af kontekstuelle faktorer (artikel III). Beskrivelserne for de tre typer blev finpudset, og vi gennemførte et Delphi-studie med 33 patienter og 128 klinikere/øvrige. Efter to Delphi-runder var der opnået konsensus. De tre faktortyper blev kaldt effect modifying -, outcome influencing - og measurement affecting contextual factors, som på dansk kan formidles som hhv. effekt-modificerende -, udfalds-influerende og målings-påvirkende kontekstuelle faktorer.4. Vi undersøgte en række patientkarakteristika for, om de kunne ændre behandlingseffekten på tværs af forsøg indenfor reumatologi, og dermed ville være effect modifying contextual factors (artikel IV). Vi inkluderede 187 randomiserede forsøg i en meta-epidemiologisk undersøgelse og fandt begrænsede data og få, potentielt misvisende, indikationer på effektmodifikation.5. Til sidst leverede vi en simpel vejledning i statistiske tests af interaktion til at identificere effektmodifikation (subgruppeeffekter) i randomiserede forsøg (artikel V). I vejledningen foreslår vi, at forsøgsrapporter i fremtiden skal estimere behandlingseffekten i forskellige subgrupper for at facilitere nuancerede opsummeringer af evidens, der på sigt kan fremme stratificeret patientbehandling.Vores operationelle definition af kontekstuelle faktorer beskriver tre typer, effect modifying -, outcome influencing - og measurement affecting contextual factors. Vi undersøgte potentielle effect modifying contextual factors på tværs af forsøg, men fandt begrænset evidens, særligt på grund af manglende data. Der er behov for konsekvent og ensartet rapportering af patientkarakteristika i forsøg og gerne estimater for behandlingseffekten i subgrupper. Vores biostatistiske vejledning kan bruges som inspiration. Dette arbejde forventes at fortsætte som tre initiativer, for at udvikle en liste med vigtige faktorer og vejledning for hver type af de kontekstuelle faktorer. Contextual factors are important for understanding trial results. Through the global Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) initiative of international stakeholders interested in outcome measurements and trial design, there is an urgent need for guidance on how to identify contextual factors as part of core outcome set development. This led to the formation of the OMERACT Contextual Factors Working Group.First, we clarified the overall aim of the effort and developed a research plan (paper I). Our main goal was to provide an operational definition and guidance on how to address contextual factors in rheumatology trials as part of developing core outcome sets. Further, we aimed to provide a generic set of important contextual factors that should always be considered in rheumatology trials.Second, we explored perspectives on contextual factors (paper II). Through semi-structured interviews of 12 researchers/clinicians and 7 patients, and qualitative content analysis, we found two overarching themes describing four types of contextual factors, of which three were relevant within OMERACT.Third, we developed a consensus-based operational definition of contextual factors (paper III). We refined the descriptions of the three contextual factor types and involved 33 patients and 128 clinicians/others in a Delphi survey, reaching consensus after two rounds. The contextual factor types were termed effect modifying -, outcome influencing -, and measurement affecting contextual factors.Fourth, we explored whether population characteristics modify treatment response across trials within rheumatology and, hence, may be effect modifying contextual factors (paper IV). We included 187 trials in a meta-epidemiological study and found limited data and few, potentially spurious, indications of effect modification.Finally, we provided a concise and nontechnical (biostatistics) tutorial on the use of statistical tests for interaction to identify effect modifiers (subgroup effects) in randomized trials (paper V). We propose that trial reports in the future should include treatment effect estimates for subgroups to facilitate better evidence synthesis on stratified medicine.In conclusion, our consensus-based operational definition of contextual factors describes three types, effect modifying -, outcome influencing -, and measurement affecting contextual factors. When exploring potential effect modifying contextual factors across trials, we found limited evidence, mainly due to lack of data. There is an urgent need for consistent reporting of population characteristics in trials and, preferably, treatment effect estimates for subgroups. Our simple hands-on guide for investigating effect modifiers may be used as inspiration. This work is expected to continue as three separate workstreams for developing consensus-based generic lists of important factors and guidance for each contextual factor type.
University of Southe... arrow_drop_down University of Southern Denmark Research OutputOther ORP type . 2022Data sources: University of Southern Denmark Research OutputDo the share buttons not appear? Please make sure, any blocking addon is disabled, and then reload the page.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______3062::76ff88c1bb8d9000802da9c662a5ecf4&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu- Ph.d. Amelie Theussen efter fyringen af John Bolton: Nu trækker USA sig for alvor tilbage fra verden
apps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2019 Denmark DanishRæson Theussen, Amelie;Theussen, Amelie;University of Southe... arrow_drop_down University of Southern Denmark Research OutputOther ORP type . 2019Data sources: University of Southern Denmark Research OutputDo the share buttons not appear? Please make sure, any blocking addon is disabled, and then reload the page.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______3062::34622b3fcf38e330669bf969220238d2&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu apps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2017 Denmark EnglishEdward Elgar Publishing Norlyk, Birgitte;Norlyk, Birgitte;University of Southe... arrow_drop_down University of Southern Denmark Research OutputOther ORP type . 2017Data sources: University of Southern Denmark Research OutputDo the share buttons not appear? Please make sure, any blocking addon is disabled, and then reload the page.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______3062::a509280b0f3efeb367d5a8c3adebf685&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2018 Denmark DanishSodemann, Morten;Sodemann, Morten;Morten Sodemann giver sit bud på "de første uskrevne patientregler". De er gode at kende, når talen falder på patientinddragelse.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2022 Denmark DanishVid&Sans Schramm, Moritz;Schramm, Moritz;University of Southe... arrow_drop_down University of Southern Denmark Research OutputOther ORP type . 2022Data sources: University of Southern Denmark Research OutputDo the share buttons not appear? Please make sure, any blocking addon is disabled, and then reload the page.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______3062::e96b246a8c617ee9672def62d91cf3d1&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
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apps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2016 Denmark EnglishWiley-VCH Deville, Claire; Padamati, Sandeep K.; Sundberg, Jonas; McKee, Vickie; Browne, Wesley R.; McKenzie, Christine;University of Southe... arrow_drop_down University of Southern Denmark Research OutputOther ORP type . 2016Data sources: University of Southern Denmark Research OutputDo the share buttons not appear? Please make sure, any blocking addon is disabled, and then reload the page.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______3062::2780bbaab3d8b1668e9a52cb8d31675d&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2020 Denmark DanishLüchau, Elle Christine;Lüchau, Elle Christine;University of Southe... arrow_drop_down University of Southern Denmark Research OutputOther ORP type . 2020Data sources: University of Southern Denmark Research OutputDo the share buttons not appear? Please make sure, any blocking addon is disabled, and then reload the page.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______3062::8b692029c3dd29bd74393f49d9487544&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2019 Denmark DanishAlving, Berit Elisabeth; Haastrup, Mette Fentz;Alving, Berit Elisabeth; Haastrup, Mette Fentz;Indeholder moduler opdelt i temaer, som indeholder links, videoer og tekstuddrag, samt oplæg til refleksion og diskussion. Anvendes internt for partnere under Et Sundere Syddanmark - Gymnasiepanelet.
University of Southe... arrow_drop_down University of Southern Denmark Research OutputOther ORP type . 2019Data sources: University of Southern Denmark Research OutputDo the share buttons not appear? Please make sure, any blocking addon is disabled, and then reload the page.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______3062::a2f98e8f9eb82f3430d4138c6d965fc4&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2016 Denmark DanishSodemann, Morten;Sodemann, Morten;University of Southe... arrow_drop_down University of Southern Denmark Research OutputOther ORP type . 2016Data sources: University of Southern Denmark Research OutputDo the share buttons not appear? Please make sure, any blocking addon is disabled, and then reload the page.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______3062::af73e8aa7084d78595defc0555d768ec&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2021 Denmark EnglishSyddansk Universitet. Det Samfundsvidenskabelige Fakultet Jespersen, Christian;Jespersen, Christian;Afhandlingen analyserer i hvilket omfang Traktatfrihederne forpligter medlemsstaterne til at yde kompensation for underskud til koncerner og til selskaber med faste driftssteder. Afhandlingen er inddelt i otte kapitler. Afhandlingens kapitel 1 præsenterer emnet, problemformulering samt metode.Afhandlingens kapitel 2 introducerer emnet på medlemsstabsniveau. Dette kapitelintroducerer de udfordringer, som - på den ene side - den asymmetriske behandling af overskud og underskud og - på den anden side - de grundlæggende principper for beskatning skaber i relation til fradrag, som skaber et underskud. Herudover beskriver kapitlet de mest almindelige metoder, som anvendes for at yde underskudskompensation. Endelige beskriver kapitlet de udfordringer, som opstår i relation til underskudskompensation, når selskaber og koncerner udøver grænseoverskridende virksomhed. Afhandlingens kapitel 3-5 introducerer de fire friheder og redegør for, hvordan EU domstolen vurderer, om en national skattelovgivning er i uoverensstemmelse med en traktatfrihed. Kapitel 3 introducerer de fire traktatfriheder og redegør for traktatfrihedernes restriktionsbegreb, som dette fortolkes i relation til nationale regler på området for direkte beskatning. På grundlag af dette indledende kapitel uddyber kapitel 4 restriktionstesten, som består af henholdsvis ulempetesten of sammenlignelighedstesten, mens kapitel 5 uddyber justifikationstesten.Afhandlingens kapitel 6-7 analyserer EU-domstolens praksis vedrørende underskudskompensation. Kapitel 6 analyserer i hvilket omfang en medlemsstat er forpligtet til at yde kompensation for underskud lidt af koncerner i grænseoverskridende situationer. Dette afsnit analyserer således EU-domstolens praksis vedrørende horisontalekompensationsordninger samt underskudsanvendelse i forlængelse af en fusion. Kapitel 7 analyserer i hvilket omfang en medlemsstat er forpligtet til at yder kompensation for underskud lidt af et selskab med et fast driftssted. Dette afsnit analyserer EU-domstolens praksis vedrørende fradrag for underskud i det underskudsgivende indkomstår, fradrag for underskud i medfør af vertikale kompensationsordninger, genbeskatning af underskud som allerede er taget i betragtning og udskydelse af beskatning som følge af underskud. The thesis analyses to what extent the Treaty freedoms require the EU Member State to provide loss compensation to corporate groups and to companies with permanent establishments in the European Union. The thesis is divided into eight chapters. The first part of the thesis presents the subject, the research questions, the motivation for the choice of subject, delimitation and legal philosophy and methods.Chapter 2 introduces the subject on Member State-level. This chapter introduces the challenges that are caused by - on the one hand - the asymmetrical treatment of profits and loss and - on the other hand - the fundamental principles of taxation in respect of losses. This chapter further introduces the most common methods adopted in order to provide loss compensation. Finally, the chapter elaborates on the challenges that arise in relation to loss compensation when corporate groups and companies exercise cross-border activity.Chapter 3-5 introduces the four Treaty freedoms and explain how the European Court of justice examines whether a nation legislation on direct taxation violates a Treaty freedom. Chapter 3 introduces the four Treaty freedoms and explains how the European Court of Justice interprets the concept of restriction in respect of national legislation on direct taxation. On that basis, chapter 4 elaborates on the restriction test, which comprises the disadvantage test and the comparability test, while chapter 5 elaborates on the justification test.Chapters 6-7 analyses the case law of the European Court of Justice on loss compensation. Chapter 6 analyses to what extent the Treaty freedoms require a Member State to provide loss compensation to corporate groups in cross-border situations. This chapter analyses the case law on horizontal loss compensation schemes and national provisions providing for loss compensation in the context of a merger. Chapter 7 analyses to what extent a Member State is required to provide loss compensation to a company with a permanent establishment. This chapter analyses the case law concerning deductions of losses during the loss-making income year, deduction of losses by means of horizontal loss compensation schemes, reincorporation of losses previously deduction and the deferral of taxation as a consequence of losses.Chapter 8 contains the conclusion on the thesis. This chapter concludes to what extent the Treaty freedoms require the Member States to provide loss compensation to corporate groups in cross-border situations and to a company with a permanent establishment.
University of Southe... arrow_drop_down University of Southern Denmark Research OutputOther ORP type . 2021Data sources: University of Southern Denmark Research OutputDo the share buttons not appear? Please make sure, any blocking addon is disabled, and then reload the page.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______3062::539bc4c2a75f39b6941f193df7324c73&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2022 Denmark EnglishSyddansk Universitet. Det Sundhedsvidenskabelige Fakultet Mai Nielsen, Sabrina;Mai Nielsen, Sabrina;Kontekstuelle faktorer (Eng. contextual factors) er vigtige for at få en dybere forståelse af resultaterne fra kliniske forsøg. Gennem det globale Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT)-initiativ er der et presserende behov for vejledning i at identificere kontekstuelle faktorer, når der udvikles såkaldte core outcome sets (dvs. et minimum set af målinger der skal foretages i kliniske forsøg). Dette førte til dannelsen af OMERACT-arbejdsgruppen, Contextual Factors Working Group.1. Først præciserede vi det overordnede formål for arbejdsgruppen og udviklede en forskningsplan (artikel I). Hovedformålet var at udvikle en operationel definition og vejledning i at håndtere kontekstuelle faktorer i forsøg indenfor reumatologi, når der udvikles core outcome sets. Derudover ønskede vi at udvikle et generisk sæt af vigtige kontekstuelle faktorer for reumatologiske forsøg.2. Vi undersøgte forskellige forståelser af begrebet kontekstuelle faktorer (artikel II). Ved hjælp af semistrukturerede interviews med 12 forskere/klinikere og 7 patienter, samt kvalitativ indholdsanalyse af interviewdataene, fandt vi to overordnede temaer, der tilsammen beskriver fire forskellige typer af kontekstuelle faktorer, hvoraf tre var relevante indenfor OMERACT.3. Vi udviklede en operationel definition af kontekstuelle faktorer (artikel III). Beskrivelserne for de tre typer blev finpudset, og vi gennemførte et Delphi-studie med 33 patienter og 128 klinikere/øvrige. Efter to Delphi-runder var der opnået konsensus. De tre faktortyper blev kaldt effect modifying -, outcome influencing - og measurement affecting contextual factors, som på dansk kan formidles som hhv. effekt-modificerende -, udfalds-influerende og målings-påvirkende kontekstuelle faktorer.4. Vi undersøgte en række patientkarakteristika for, om de kunne ændre behandlingseffekten på tværs af forsøg indenfor reumatologi, og dermed ville være effect modifying contextual factors (artikel IV). Vi inkluderede 187 randomiserede forsøg i en meta-epidemiologisk undersøgelse og fandt begrænsede data og få, potentielt misvisende, indikationer på effektmodifikation.5. Til sidst leverede vi en simpel vejledning i statistiske tests af interaktion til at identificere effektmodifikation (subgruppeeffekter) i randomiserede forsøg (artikel V). I vejledningen foreslår vi, at forsøgsrapporter i fremtiden skal estimere behandlingseffekten i forskellige subgrupper for at facilitere nuancerede opsummeringer af evidens, der på sigt kan fremme stratificeret patientbehandling.Vores operationelle definition af kontekstuelle faktorer beskriver tre typer, effect modifying -, outcome influencing - og measurement affecting contextual factors. Vi undersøgte potentielle effect modifying contextual factors på tværs af forsøg, men fandt begrænset evidens, særligt på grund af manglende data. Der er behov for konsekvent og ensartet rapportering af patientkarakteristika i forsøg og gerne estimater for behandlingseffekten i subgrupper. Vores biostatistiske vejledning kan bruges som inspiration. Dette arbejde forventes at fortsætte som tre initiativer, for at udvikle en liste med vigtige faktorer og vejledning for hver type af de kontekstuelle faktorer. Contextual factors are important for understanding trial results. Through the global Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) initiative of international stakeholders interested in outcome measurements and trial design, there is an urgent need for guidance on how to identify contextual factors as part of core outcome set development. This led to the formation of the OMERACT Contextual Factors Working Group.First, we clarified the overall aim of the effort and developed a research plan (paper I). Our main goal was to provide an operational definition and guidance on how to address contextual factors in rheumatology trials as part of developing core outcome sets. Further, we aimed to provide a generic set of important contextual factors that should always be considered in rheumatology trials.Second, we explored perspectives on contextual factors (paper II). Through semi-structured interviews of 12 researchers/clinicians and 7 patients, and qualitative content analysis, we found two overarching themes describing four types of contextual factors, of which three were relevant within OMERACT.Third, we developed a consensus-based operational definition of contextual factors (paper III). We refined the descriptions of the three contextual factor types and involved 33 patients and 128 clinicians/others in a Delphi survey, reaching consensus after two rounds. The contextual factor types were termed effect modifying -, outcome influencing -, and measurement affecting contextual factors.Fourth, we explored whether population characteristics modify treatment response across trials within rheumatology and, hence, may be effect modifying contextual factors (paper IV). We included 187 trials in a meta-epidemiological study and found limited data and few, potentially spurious, indications of effect modification.Finally, we provided a concise and nontechnical (biostatistics) tutorial on the use of statistical tests for interaction to identify effect modifiers (subgroup effects) in randomized trials (paper V). We propose that trial reports in the future should include treatment effect estimates for subgroups to facilitate better evidence synthesis on stratified medicine.In conclusion, our consensus-based operational definition of contextual factors describes three types, effect modifying -, outcome influencing -, and measurement affecting contextual factors. When exploring potential effect modifying contextual factors across trials, we found limited evidence, mainly due to lack of data. There is an urgent need for consistent reporting of population characteristics in trials and, preferably, treatment effect estimates for subgroups. Our simple hands-on guide for investigating effect modifiers may be used as inspiration. This work is expected to continue as three separate workstreams for developing consensus-based generic lists of important factors and guidance for each contextual factor type.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu- Ph.d. Amelie Theussen efter fyringen af John Bolton: Nu trækker USA sig for alvor tilbage fra verden
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu apps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2017 Denmark EnglishEdward Elgar Publishing Norlyk, Birgitte;Norlyk, Birgitte;University of Southe... arrow_drop_down University of Southern Denmark Research OutputOther ORP type . 2017Data sources: University of Southern Denmark Research OutputDo the share buttons not appear? Please make sure, any blocking addon is disabled, and then reload the page.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______3062::a509280b0f3efeb367d5a8c3adebf685&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2018 Denmark DanishSodemann, Morten;Sodemann, Morten;Morten Sodemann giver sit bud på "de første uskrevne patientregler". De er gode at kende, når talen falder på patientinddragelse.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2022 Denmark DanishVid&Sans Schramm, Moritz;Schramm, Moritz;University of Southe... arrow_drop_down University of Southern Denmark Research OutputOther ORP type . 2022Data sources: University of Southern Denmark Research OutputDo the share buttons not appear? Please make sure, any blocking addon is disabled, and then reload the page.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______3062::e96b246a8c617ee9672def62d91cf3d1&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
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