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BackgroundLuminescence dating technology has made significant advancements in determining the chronology of archaeological materials subjected to low firing temperatures. However, the luminescence dating of archaeological materials subjected to high firing temperatures remains challenging.PurposeThis study aims to explore the luminescence emission spectrum characteristics and luminescence properties of high-firing temperature quartz to verify the feasibility of thermoluminescence (TL) signals from different bands in luminescence dating.MethodsFirstly, the high-firing temperature (about 950 °C) quartz extracted from pottery unearthed at the Lingjiatan archaeological site was taken as a case study, spectral measurement platform was established using a Risø DA-20 luminescence dating instrument coupled with an Andor spectrometer and a charge-coupled device camera to analyze the luminescence spectral properties of archaeological quartz with high firing temperatures. Then, five filter combinations and two photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) were used to compare the TL and isothermal thermoluminescence (ITL) sensitivities of blue and red emissions. Kinetic parameters for Blue TL and Red TL were determined by deconvolving the glow curves with the general-order equation. Finally, exposure experiments were conducted on the Blue and Red TL using a solar simulator. The single aliquot regenerative dose (SAR) protocol was implemented to assess the applicability of the Blue TL-SAR, Blue ITL-SAR, Red TL-SAR, Red ITL-SAR, and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL)-SAR methods for dating archaeological quartz exposed to high temperatures during production or use.ConclusionsThe spectral analysis reveals that the archaeological quartz subjected to high firing temperature exhibits significant Red TL emissions at approximately 620 nm, which is correlated with the TL peak at 375 °C. This Red TL at 375 °C exhibits a marked insensitivity to light. The multi-wavelength TL, multiwavelength ITL, and conventional OSL dating results are consistent with the known radiocarbon age within the error range. This study demonstrates the potential feasibility of using luminescence signals of different wavelengths for chronological studies of archaeological materials subjected to high firing temperatures.