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Background and aims We have previously found increased levels of the cysteine protease legumain in plasma and plaques from patients with carotid atherosclerosis. This study further investigated legumain during acute cardiovascular events. Methods Circulating levels of legumain from patients and legumain released from platelets were assessed by enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay. Quantitative PCR and immunoblotting were used to study expression, while localization was visualized by immunohistochemistry. Results In the SUMMIT Malmö cohort (n = 339 with or without type 2 diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease [CVD], and 64 healthy controls), the levels of circulating legumain were associated with the presence of CVD in non-diabetics, with no relation to outcome. In symptomatic carotid plaques and in samples from both coronary and intracerebral thrombi obtained during acute cardiovascular events, legumain was co-localized with macrophages in the same regions as platelets. In vitro, legumain was shown to be present in and released from platelets upon activation. In addition, THP-1 macrophages exposed to releasate from activated platelets showed increased legumain expression. Interestingly, primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with recombinant legumain promoted anti-inflammatory responses. Finally, in a STEMI population (POSTEMI; n = 272), patients had significantly higher circulating legumain before and immediately after percutaneous coronary intervention compared with healthy controls (n = 67), and high levels were associated with improved outcome. Conclusions Our data demonstrate for the first time that legumain is upregulated during acute cardiovascular events and is associated with improved outcome.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a alteração de cor superficial, temperatura, transmitância e irradiância de fontes de luz empregadas em alguns protocolos de clareamento em consultório utilizando géis de baixa concentração. Uma amostragem de 90 espécimes de esmalte e dentina de dente humano foi selecionada e distribuída aleatoriamente em 9 grupos: SG-SL (sem gel- sem luz), SG-VIO (somente exposição ao LED violeta), PH35-SL (peróxido de hidrogênio 35% - sem luz), PH17,5-SL (peróxido de hidrogênio 17,5%), PH6-SL (peróxido de hidrogênio 6%), PH17,5-AZUL (peróxido de hidrogênio 17,5% - com exposição ao LED azul), PH6-AZUL (peróxido de hidrogênio 6% com exposição ao LED azul), PH17,5-VIO (peróxido de hidrogênio 17,5% com exposição ao LED violeta) e PH6-VIO (peróxido de hidrogênio 6% com exposição ao LED violeta). Os géis clareadores utilizados foram fornecidos pela FGM Produtos Odontológicos (Joinville, SC, Brasil). O LED azul (AZUL), Whitening Lase White Plus da DMC (São Carlos, São Paulo), foi irradiado por 3 vezes com 3 minutos de ativação e o LED violeta (VIO), Bright Max Whitening da MMoptics (São Carlos, São Paulo), foi irradiado por 1 ciclo de 20 minutos. A avaliação da cor foi realizada de um baseline, 7, 14 e 21 dias após o início e 14 dias após o término do protocolo de clareamento com o espectrofotômetro. A comparação entre os tempos da alteração de cor foi realizada através das fórmulas: CIEDE2000 e WID (whitness index). A análise da temperatura foi realizada durante o tratamento com um termopar. A transmitância da luz foi avaliada na última semana do tratamento clareador com uma esfera integradora. A irradiância das fontes de luz foi medida com um powermeter. Os valores obtidos para cada teste foram submetidos à análise estatística para determinar a homogeneidade e normalidade da amostra. A partir desta análise, foi escolhido o teste estatístico ANOVA two-way e o contraste de Bonferroni para análise da alteração de cor, e para as análises de temperatura e transmitância o teste ANOVA e o contraste de Tukey. O teste de Mann-Whitney foi utilizado para a irradiância. Como resultado, os grupos PH17,5-AZUL, PH17,5-VIO e PH35-SL apresentaram os melhores resultados de alteracao de cor (E00) sem diferença estatística significativa entre eles. Em relação ao whiteness index (WID), os grupos PH35-SL e PH17,5-VIO apresentaram maiores valores da diferença e não houve diferença estatística entre eles. Nos grupos com peróxido de hidrogênio a 6%, o LED violeta gerou um clareamento maior comparado ao grupo sem exposição à luz. O mesmo ocorreu quando comparados os grupos com peróxido de hidrogênio a 17,5%, o LED violeta novamente gerou um clareamento maior que o grupo sem exposição à luz. Todos os protocolos irradiados com fontes de luz apresentaram alteração de temperatura maior de 5,5ºC, exceto o grupo SG-VIO. A fonte de luz AZUL apresentou uma maior transmitância e irradiância em relação ao LED violeta. Portanto, pode-se concluir que o uso do LED violeta associado aos géis clareadores de peróxido de hidrogênio a 6 e 17,5% melhorou o resultado estético comparado aos géis de respectiva concentração sem exposição à luz, porém há um aumento considerável da temperatura. The objective of this study was to evaluate the change of surface color, temperature, transmittance and irradiance of the light source used in bleaching protocols. A sample of 90 human teeth, enamel and dentin specimens, was selected and randomly assigned to 9 groups: SG-SL (no gel-no light), SG-VIO (violet LED exposure only), PH35-SL (hydrogen peroxide 35% - without light), PH17.5-SL (17.5% hydrogen peroxide), PH6-SL (6% hydrogen peroxide), PH17.5-BLUE (17.5% hydrogen peroxide - with blue LED exposure), PH6-BLUE (6% hydrogen peroxide with blue LED exposure), PH17.5-VIO (17.5% hydrogen peroxide with violet LED exposure), and PH6-VIO (6% hydrogen peroxide with violet LED exposure). The bleaching gels used were supplied by FGM Produtos Odontológicos (Joinville, SC, Brazil). The blue LED (BLUE), Whitening Lase White Plus from DMC (São Carlos, São Paulo), was irradiated 3 times with 3 minutes of activation and the violet LED (VIO), Bright Max Whitening from MMoptics (São Carlos, São Paulo), was irradiated for 1 cycle of 20 minutes. The color evaluation was performed a baseline, 7, 14 and 21 days after the beginning and 14 days after the end of the bleaching protocol using a spectrophotometer. The formulas CIEDE2000 and WID (whitness index) were used to compare the datas of the color evaluation. Temperature analysis was performed during the second session of bleaching treatment with a thermocouple. Light transmittance was evaluated in the last week of the bleaching treatment with an integrating sphere. The irradiance of light sources was measured with a powermeter. The values obtained for each test were submitted to statistical analysis to determine the homogeneity and normality of the sample. From this analysis, the ANOVA two-way statistical test with Bonferroni post-hoc was chosen for the analysis of color change. For analysis temperature and transmittance the ANOVA statistical test with Tukey post-hoc was chosen. The Mann-Whitney test was used for irradiance. As a result, the PH17.5-BLUE, PH17.5-VIO and PH35-SL groups presented the best color change results (E00) with no statistically significant difference between them. Regarding the whiteness index (WID), the groups PH35-SL and PH17.5-VIO showed higher values of difference and there was no statistical difference between them. In the 6% hydrogen peroxide groups, the violet LED generated greater lightening compared to the group without light exposure. The same occurred when comparing the groups with 17.5% hydrogen peroxide, the violet LED again generated a greater lightening than the group without light exposure. All protocols irradiated with light sources showed a temperature change greater than 5.5ºC, except for the SG-VIO group. The BLUE light source showed a higher transmittance and irradiance compared to the violet LED. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of violet LED associated with bleaching gels of hydrogen peroxide at 6 and 17.5% improves the aesthetic result compared to gels of the respective concentration without exposure to light, but there is a considerable increase in temperature.

The Pathosystems Resource Integration Center (PATRIC) is the all-bacterial Bioinformatics Resource Center (BRC) (http://www.patricbrc.org). A joint effort by two of the original National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases-funded BRCs, PATRIC provides researchers with an online resource that stores and integrates a variety of data types [e. g. genomics, transcriptomics, protein-protein interactions (PPIs), three-dimensional protein structures and sequence typing data] and associated metadata. Datatypes are summarized for individual genomes and across taxonomic levels. All genomes in PATRIC, currently more than 10 000, are consistently annotated using RAST, the Rapid Annotations using Subsystems Technology. Summaries of different data types are also provided for individual genes, where comparisons of different annotations are available, and also include available transcriptomic data. PATRIC provides a variety of ways for researchers to find data of interest and a private workspace where they can store both genomic and gene associations, and their own private data. Both private and public data can be analyzed together using a suite of tools to perform comparative genomic or transcriptomic analysis. PATRIC also includes integrated information related to disease and PPIs. All the data and integrated analysis and visualization tools are freely available. This manuscript describes updates to the PATRIC since its initial report in the 2007 NAR Database Issue. Funding for open access charge: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Service [Contract No. HHSN272200900040C]. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Service [HHSN272200900040C]

Esta tesis trata de la sintaxis y la semántica del inglés antiguo. Más concretamente, la tesis se centra en un grupo de verbos que podría denominarse verbos de inacción (que corresponderían aproximadamente a verbos del inglés contemporáneo tales como end, try, fail, forbid, hinder y refrain). El objetivo de la tesis es atribuir clase a estos verbos, sobre la base de los componentes del significado y el comportamiento gramatical de los mismos, incluidas las construcciones sintácticas y las alternancias en la realización de los argumentos de los verbos en cuestión. Los datos se han extraído de un conjunto de fuentes lexicográficas y textuales del inglés antiguo y se analizan teniendo en cuenta el análisis sintáctico proporcionado por el York-Toronto-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Old English. Las conclusiones principales del trabajo tienen que ver con las clases verbales, las construcciones y las alternancias. También se llega a algunas conclusiones relativas a la variación y la competencia. This thesis deals with the syntax and semantics of Old English. To be more precise, it focuses on a group of verbs that can be called inaction verbs (roughly corresponding to Present-Day English end, try, fail, forbid, hinder and refrain) and aims at determining the class membership of these verbs. This is done on the basis of the meaning components and the grammatical behaviour of the verbs in question, including the syntactic constructions and the argument realization alternations in which these verbs are found. The theoretical model draws on Role and Reference Grammar and the framework of verb classes and alternations. The data are gathered from various lexicographical and textual sources of Old English and checked against the syntactic parsing provided by the York-Toronto-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Old English. The main conclusions are drawn on the questions of class membership, constructions and alternations. Conclusions are also reached with respect to variation and competition

Gestionado por la Base Antártica Española Juan Carlos I, Byers desarrolla proyectos de investigación de los suelos congelados y sobre el comportamiento de los pingüinos en la búsqueda de alimentos, entre otros Peer reviewed

The social confinement resulting from the COVID-19 crisis temporarily reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Although experts contend that the decrease in pollution rates was not drastic, some surveys detect growth in social concern about the climate. In this new climate-conscious environment, municipalities and local governments are promoting a new way of living and caring for cities, even before they can regain national and international freedom of movement. This work analyzes the connections between new climate awareness arising from the COVID-19 crisis, proposals of sustainable citizenship around the world, and its communication on Twitter to educate the new eco-conscious audience. The methodology mixes quantitative and qualitative analysis, using the Twitonomy Premium tool and the Twitter research tool with data extracted at the end of December 2020. Among the top ten most influential and active accounts, the results show educational institutions, local institutions, companies, neighborhoods, associations, and influencers. The impossibility of living in the city has not prevented citizen education and commitment to make real change for when that city and its citizens return to normality. However, this new normality must be different: more ecological, more responsible, more sustainable, and practiced from early childhood.