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International audience; In 2016—2018 a living complex dated to ca. 18,6 kyr cal BP was excavated at Kovrizhka IV site, level 2G. This is an ochercolored area of 5.0 m in diameter, with a semi-circular hearth lined by four slabs, and a massive slab surrounded with largeboulders and gneiss fragments. Slabs and boulders forming an arc were recorded on the periphery of the complex, and two pits(post-holes?) of 20 cm in diameter were found on the northern and southern outskirts. Based on use-wear analysis, 17 toolswere identified as meat knives, scrapers and carvers for bone, antler and skins. Their number and composition indicate ashort-term occupation. About 60 % of artifacts in the collection are of quartz, hence it is assumed that access to pebbleraw materials was seasonally limited. The three central stones in the hearth were heated to the temperature ranging from250 to 380—440 °C. The source of ocher is hematite of two types: quartz-hematite association and rock with a significantcontent of calcite, chlorite, feldspar and mica. A comparison with the ore compositions of the known iron locations andarchaeological sites showed that ocher was delivered from the north of Western and Eastern Baikal regions, situated morethan 500 km away from Kovrizhka. The available evidence points to the existence of a winter dwelling. The closest analogiesare known at the Transbaikalian sites of Studenoye–1 and 2, Ust-Menza–1 and 2, Sukhotino–4, etc.

Version Russe; International audience

Nous considérons la nature de la connotation et son application au nom propre. A l'exemple de l'onyme de Nicolas Chauvin nous démontrons le changement de la sémantique du nom sous l'aspect diachronique. Nous essayons de prouver que la composante connotative peut avancer au premier lieu dans la structure du sens. My rassmatrivaiem prirodu konnotatsii i eje otnochenije k imeni sobstvennomou. Na primere onima Nicolas Chauvin my pokasyvajem izmenenije semantiki imeni v diakhronitcheskom aspekte. Eto popytka dokazat', tchto konnotativny komponent mozhet zanjat' vedouch'ouju pozitsijou.

International audience; The article examines finds from two fortified settlements located near Smolensk. New radiocarbondates are given that prove the demise of the fortified settlement of Demidovka at the turn of the5th–6th centuries AD. The analysis of the distribution of prestigious silver items and armament onthe sites of the “Demidovka circle” and the presence of a large long house provide grounds for anassumption about the central position of this settlement in Smolensk district and the presence ofa “German component” in it. The data of spore-pollen analysis are used for the reconstructionof the landscape surrounding the fortified settlement. The authors suggest that in the late periodwhen militarized “elite” resided in the settlement its vicinity was used for grazing. As a resultof the study, a hypothesis is proposed that the fortified settlements of Demidovka (the 3rd–4thcenturies) and Vyazovenki (the 6th–7th centuries) were centers of power in Smolensk land duringthe two periods of time preceding the transition of this function to Smolensk (Cathedral Hill) andGnezdovo.

International audience

In the early 1920s, Russian church communities in Europe found themselves in a quite extraordinary situation, requiring a complete reorganization of their structure, both at the diocesan and parish levels. Having kept alive their memory of the 1917-1918 Moscow Council, many ecclesiastical figures in emigration viewed its decisions as reliable guidelines for creating a new church structure. Later on, however, the jurisdictional divisions followed, highlighting the two opposite attitudes to the Council heritage. Some considered il necessary to implement its decisions, whereas others preferred to change or even abolish the norms elaborated at the Council. This article explores how the Moscow Council served as a starting point in organising various ecclesiastical juridictions in emigration in the 1920-1930s and how these institutions carried out or not its decisions. В начале 1920-х гг. русские церковные общины в Европе оказались в совершенно неординарной ситуации, требу/щей полного переустройства своих структур как на епархиальном, так и на приходском уровне. Многим церковным деятелям в эмиграции, у которых память о Московском соборе 1917-1918 гг. осталась еще живой, соборные решения показались надежным ориентиром, чтобы созидать такое новое церковное устройство. Однако возникшие вскоре юрисдикционные разделения проявили две противоположные позиции по отношению к наследи/ Собора: одни считали необходимым исполнение решений Собора, другие предпочитали изменить или даже упразднить выработанные на Соборе нормы. В данной статье исследуется, как Московский собор послужил отправной точкой в образовании разных церковных юрисдикций в эмиграции в 1920-1930-х гг. и как их учреждения применили июли не применили речения Собора.

International audience; Eastern Armenian National Corpus (EANC) is a comprehensive linguistic database of annotated texts in Eastern Armenian from the mid 19th century to the present. The EANC contains about 110 million tokens and is enhanced with a powerful search engine. EANC is available at www.eanc.net.

International audience; The history of the Cimmerian Bosporus in the Hunnic time (the last third of the 4th - the second third of the 5th centuries) remains largely unknown, although it has already been the subject of discussion more than once. An attempt will be made here to generalize those few archaeological finds that can be associated with the direct presence of the Huns in this region. Finds of Hunniс things in the Eastern Crimea and Taman (arrowheads, bone lining on the bow, tops of swords, diadem) as well as the presence of steppe customs (placing saddles and arrows, accompanying horse burials in burials) in the burial practice of the Bosporan population of the late IV - mid-V centuries are few and reflect only the episodic presence of the Huns on the territory of the Cimmerian Bosporus. At the same time, it is easy to see that these things and funeral customs are associated primarily with the “chieftain” and “military” civilization of that time and apparently do not affect the bulk of the Hellenized population. In reality, the entry of the Bosporus into the orbit of the "Hunnic empire" most likely took place in the 440s, when Attila subdued the Huns-Akatsiri.

International audience; The article deals with the problem of function of causal connectors in the coherence of the text. In the first part, we show that some connectors such as puisque, car in French and ved’, raz in Russian, are the linguistic markers of the enunciation because they actualize the introduced utterance and show the specific stance of the enunciator towards the causal relation. Using the concept of Temporal Referential (“Référentiel temporel”) based on the Theory of enunciation, we will show that utterances with polyphonic markers of cause refer to the enunciator and his spatial-temporal coordinates which are different from the coordinates of non-actualized narration. In the second part, we will definite the specificities of the semantic structure of polyphonic connectors and in the third part we will analyze their role as a marker of different narrative forms in comparison with monophonic connectors parce que and potomu čto.

По мнению специалистов NASA и DARPA ключевым элементом успеха в создании авиационной и космической техники нового поколения является использования комплексного подхода к проектированию, основанного на использовании интеллектуальных конструкционных систем и материалов, способных автономно адаптироваться и формироваться в зависимости от внешних условий и внутренних факторов. В общем случае они должны самостоятельно приспосабливаться к изменениям и непредвиденным ситуациям в условиях поставленной задачи. При этом высокая надежность таких материалов обеспечивается возможностью самовосстановления, аналогично с регенерацией в биологических системах. Концепция интеллектуальных конструкционных структур является предпосылкой для создания материалов, адаптированных для условий мультифункциональных космических миссий и воздушных полетов.Области применения интеллектуальных конструкционных материалов и микросистем в авиации включают: мониторинг состояния композитных материалов; подавление структурных вибраций и шума; управление морфингом плоскостей крыла.В сборнике "Интеллектуальные авиаконструкционные материалы и микросистемная техника" проанализированы перспективные направления исследований в области создания структур с кардинально новыми характеристиками для проектирования конкурентной авиационной и космической техники нового поколения: самовосстанавливающиеся материалы и покрытия; самоорганизующиеся регуляторные структуры и системы; микросистемные сенсорные и активные элементы; структуры на основе графена и их применение; композиты на основе полимеров, керамики, адгезивов с новыми свойствами. According to experts of NASA and DARPA the key factor for success in creation of a new generation of aviation and space technical systems is an implementation of an integrated approach to design, based on the utilization of intelligent constructs and materials capable to adapt autonomously and form depending on the external conditions and internal factors. Generally they must adapt themselves to changes and unforeseen situations in the terms of a given task. The discussed concept of intelligent engineering structures is a prerequisite for creation of materials adapted to the conditions of multifunctional space missions and ultra-flights.Potential areas of application for intelligent constructing materials in aviation include: prospective monitoring of functional state of composites; suppression of noise and structural vibrations; morphing control of wing planes.In the digest "Smart Intelligent Aircraft Materials and Microsystems Technology" perspective areas of research are analyzed for creating of engineered structures with fundamentally new properties for design of a new generation of aviation and space technical systems: self-healing materials and coatings; self-organizing structures and regulatory systems; microsystem sensory and active elements; graphen-based structures and their applications; composites based on polymers, ceramics and adhesives with novel properties.Note: Downloadable document is in Russian.