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  • Publikationer från KTH

  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Zhu, Chuting;

    Pedestrian detection and tracking are essential problems in the field of computer vision, having a wide range of applications in surveillance, security, autonomous driving and robotics areas. Although people detection and tracking are generally considered widely-used technologies currently, however, occlusions still remain a major challenge. In this paper, we propose an approach to improve the detection and tracking performance in multi-camera scenarios with overlapping field-of-views, which allows for better handling of occlusion problem. It mainly includes monocular people detection, projection, fusion, probabilistic occupancy map generation and multi-object tracking steps. Evaluations for detection and tracking on WILDTRACK dataset have been implemented and the results indicate that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art deep learning methods which haven’t been trained on WILDTRACK. Fotgängarnas upptäckt och spårning är väsentliga problem inom datorsynen och har ett brett spektrum av applikationer inom övervakning, säkerhet, autonom körning och robotikområden. Även om människors upptäckt och spårning allmänt betraktas som allmänt använd teknik för närvarande, förblir dock ocklusioner en stor utmaning. I det här förslaget föreslår vi en metod för att förbättra upptäcktoch spårningsprestanda i multikamerascenarier med överlappande synfält, vilket möjliggör bättre hantering av ocklusionsproblem. Det inkluderar främst monokulära människors upptäckt, projicering, fusion, probabilistisk kartläggning av kartong och spårning av flera objekt. Utvärderingar för upptäckt och spårning på WILDTRACK-datasats har implementerats och resultaten indikerar att vår strategi överträffar toppmodern djupinlärningsmetoder som inte har utbildats på WILDTRACK.

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    Publikationer från KTH
    Bachelor thesis . 2019
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      Publikationer från KTH
      Bachelor thesis . 2019
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    Authors: Conde Carvalhal, Carlos;

    The prevention of incidents and injuries is fundamental for any industry activity since those events may result in serious economic, environmental, and human losses. Due to the centralization of Linde filling operations within Sweden, several of their plants are being phased out to move the production to Enköping. The elevated raise of Linde's production led to a high increase of forklift drivers and stock levels and consequently brought up the number of incidents related to forklift driving. This thesis aims to obtain knowledge to mitigate forklift truck related safety hazards as well as understand how to eliminate risks and unsafe situations at this type of operation. This project was divided into 3 phases. Phase I consisted of understanding operations routines and its safety risks, assessing Enköping site internal state (with a safety survey, and several visits and interviews), and benchmarking the most common practices based on other companies' forklift-related processes (with visits and interviews). In phase II, parallelly to ISite software implementation, studies utilizing different engineering tools (Spaghetti Diagram, VSM, Fishbone Diagram, and FMEA) were performed in order to gather information and understand how to optimize the site's forklift-related safety. In this phase, a tailored observational KPI was developed in order to assess the site independently of incident measurement regarding four groups: Site, Pedestrian activity, Forklift operation, and Forklift operator behavior. In phase III, all data acquired was discussed, and conclusions were made based on the data analysis and discussions of the results of Phase II implementation allied with the theoretical references. The survey findings showed the high degree of importance given to safety at Linde in Enköping. It also revealed, in addition to all engineering tools applied, which elements should be focused in order to optimize the forklift trucks operational safety (mainly related to Technology dimension). Based on the benchmark comparison, it is possible to allege that the absence of a maintenance facility is the main disadvantage of Linde in Enköping. In contrast, the usage of I-Site fleet management software represents an important step towards safety. The I-Site knowledge and the awareness of its benefits grew among management and operators as setup issues, and technical malfunctioning was eliminated. The observational KPI has obtained preliminary overall values above 0,82 for all groups (on a scale of 0 to 1), proving itself capable of measuring the safety performance and identifying risks and unsafe situations. Att förebygga incidenter och skador är grundläggande för all branschaktivitet eftersom dessa händelser kan leda till allvarliga ekonomiska, miljömässiga och mänskliga förluster. På grund av centraliseringen av Lindes fyllningsverksamheten inom Sverige har flera av deras anläggningar fasats ut för att flytta produktionen till Enköping. Den utökade produktionen på Linde Enköping skapade behov av fler truckförare, högre lagernivåer och ökade följaktligen antalet incidenter relaterade till gaffeltruck. Avhandlingen syftar till att få kunskap för att mildra säkerhetsrisker för gaffeltruckar samt förstå hur man kan eliminera risker och osäkra situationer vid denna typ av verksamhet. Detta projekt delades in i tre faser. Fas I bestod av att förstå driftsrutiner och dess säkerhetsrisker, utvärdera det interna tillståndet på Linde Enköpings arbetsplats (med en säkerhetsundersökning, flera besök och olika intervjuer) och benchmarka de vanligaste metoderna baserat på andra företags gaffeltruckrelaterade processer (med besök och intervjuer). I fas II, parallellt med I-Site-programvaruimplementering, utfördes studier med olika tekniska verktyg (Spaghetti Diagram, VSM, Fishbone Diagram och FMEA) för att undersöka och förstå hur man optimerar verksamhetens gaffeltruckrelaterade säkerhet. I denna fas utvecklades en skräddarsydd observations-KPI för att utvärdera verksamheten oberoende av att mäta incidenter avseende fyra grupper: Plats, fotgängare, gaffeltruck och beteende för gaffeltruck. I fas III diskuterades alla förvärvade data, slutsatser gjordes baserade på dataanalysen och diskussionerna om resultaten av fas II-implementering tillsammans med teoretiska referenser. Undersökningsresultaten visade hur högt säkerhet prioriteras vid Linde Enköping. Den avslöjade också, utöver alla tillämpade konstruktionsverktyg, vilka element som bör fokuseras på för att optimera truckens driftssäkerhet (främst relaterad till teknikdimension). Baserat på den benchmarking som genomfördes är det möjligt att hävda att frånvaron av underhållsanläggning är den största nackdelen med Linde i Enköping. Däremot är användningen av mjukvara för I-Site-flottanhantering ett viktigt steg mot säkerheten. Kunskapen om I-SITE och medvetenheten om dess fördelar växte bland ledningen och operatörerna när installationsproblem och tekniska funktionsfel eliminerades. Utfallen för observations-KPI har erhållit preliminära totalvärden över 0,82 för alla grupper (i en skala från 0 till 1), och visar sig kapabel att mäta säkerhet i genomförande samt att identifiera risker och osäkra situationer.

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    Publikationer från KTH
    Bachelor thesis . 2020
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      Publikationer från KTH
      Bachelor thesis . 2020
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    Authors: Paul, Moon;
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    Publikationer från KTH
    Bachelor thesis . 2020
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      Publikationer från KTH
      Bachelor thesis . 2020
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    Authors: Ahlqvist, Wilhelm; Wennmark, Anton;

    Stereotypes are affecting our daily lives. From the interactions between human beings to political decisions from law makers, stereotypes are part of our subconscious tools of perception. While being a common denominator in many worldwide organizations’ target goals, including the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals, many kinds of stereotypes are present and remain a hot topic in discussions. On another front, as artificial intelligence is on the rise, social robots are improving, and they are becoming increasingly relevant to different industries as of today. As social robots are intended to interact directly with people, and are often designed to emulate human beings, questions arise on how these designs should be made to make interactions with people as smooth and successful as possible. In this study we investigated if stereotypes are applicable in human-robot interaction. Contrary to our original belief we found no significant evidence of stereotypes in interactions with robots. Stereotyper påverkar våra dagliga liv. Från interaktioner mellan människor till politiska beslut från lagstiftare, är stereotyper en del av våra undermedvetna verktyg för perception. Medan de utgör en gemensam nämnare för många globala organisationers mål, inklusive Förenta nationernas hållbara utvecklingsmål, finns det många typer av stereotyper som är närvarande och fortfarande ett hett diskussionsämne. På en annan front, i takt med att artificiell intelligens blir alltmer framträdande och sociala robotar förbättras, blir de alltmer relevanta inom olika branscher idag. Eftersom sociala robotar är avsedda att interagera direkt med människor och ofta är utformade för att efterlikna människor, väcks frågor om hur deras design ska göras för att göra interaktioner med människor så smidiga och framgångsrika som möjligt. I denna studie undersökte vi om stereotyper är tillämpliga i mänsklig-robotinteraktion. Till vår överraskning fann vi inga signifikanta bevis för stereotyper i interaktioner med robotar.

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    Publikationer från KTH
    Bachelor thesis . 2023
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      Publikationer från KTH
      Bachelor thesis . 2023
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    Authors: Saleem, Aban; Blomgren, Jacob;

    This thesis was based on the subjects of mathematical statistics and industrial economics and management in order to analyze the grades of pupils in the final year of elementary school. The purpose was to find out what variables had a statistically significant impact on pupils’ final grades so that municipalities and schools could better understand what variables are important when trying to improve the average school results. A multiple regression model was used on data, obtained from the database of Skolverket, in order to examine what variables were statistically important. The final regression model acquired through a model reduction procedure showed that mostly structural covariates such as the academic background of pupils, percentage of female pupils and the percentage with Swedish background had a statistically significant impact on the academic performances of the students. R2 adjusted of the final model was 0.5289. The multiple regression model was discussed by referencing to previous research. In addition, the strategic management performance framework known as Balanced Scorecard which was introduced by Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton was used to discuss relevant key performance indicators to achieve the strategic objectives of schools. Detta examensarbete, inom ämnet för matematisk statistik och industriell ekonomi, genomfördes med syftet att analysera avgångsbetygen för år 9 i den svenska skolan. Syftet var att förstå vilka variabler som hade en statistisk signifikant påverkan på elevers avgångsbetyg, så kommuner kan förstå vilka variabler som är viktiga för att förbättra de genomsnittliga skolresultaten. En regressionsanalys utfördes, på data från Skolverket, för att se vilka variabler som var statistiskt signifikanta. Den slutgiltiga regressionsmodellen, erhållen genom iterativ reducering av variabler, visade att främst strukturella kovariat, som akademisk bakgrund hos elever, andel kvinnliga studenter och andel studenter med svensk bakgrund hade en signifikant betydelse på studenters akademiska resultat. Justerad R2 var 0.5289 för den slutgiltiga modellen. I diskussionen utvärderades modellen utifrån tidigare forskning. Vidare användes teorin om balanserat styrkort, utvecklat av Robert S. Kaplan och David P. Norton, för att diskutera relevanta nyckeltal för att uppnå strategiska mål för skolan.

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    Publikationer från KTH
    Bachelor thesis . 2020
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      Publikationer från KTH
      Bachelor thesis . 2020
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    Authors: Johannesson, Alexandra;

    Neuroblastom är en barncancer som uppstår ur det sympatiska nervsystemet och drabbar omkring 15 barn i Sverige varje år. Högriskvarianten är associerad med mycket hög dödlighet och risk för återfall, vilket tros ha att göra med att tumörernas ovanligt heterogena sammansättning tillåter resistenta subpopulationer att motstå konventionella behandlingsmetoder. Tidigare forskning har identifierat rubbade mekanismer för celldelning som ett tillvägagångssätt för tumörcellerna att överleva DNA-skador som kemoterapeutiska droger orsakar. I detta masterprojekt analyserades fem ultra-högrisk neuroblastomcellinjer i syfte att belysa deras progression genom celldelningen efter behandling med doxorubicin och/eller gemcitabin. Vidare identifierades ataxia telangesia mutated (ATM) serine/threonine kinase som ett essentiellt protein vid inhibering av celldelningen och i samband med reparation av DNA-skador, vilket bekräftades av förhöjt uttryck av fosforylerat ATM i alla fem cellinjer efter behandling med doxorubicin, gemcitabin, och/eller en kombination av båda. Återväxt av tumörcellerna efter inhibering av fosforylerat ATM i kombination med doxorubicin och gemcitabin analyserades sedan, och fördröjd återväxt noterades i en av cellinjerna efter kombinationsbehandling. Sammantaget har nya mekanismer för behandlingsresistens hos tumörceller identifierats och alternativa kombinationsbehandlingar har visat effekt på en av fem testade neuroblastomcellinjer. Neuroblastoma is a pediatric cancer of the sympathetic nervous system that afflicts around 15 children annually in Sweden. Despite aggressive treatment, high-risk neuroblastoma is associated with a mortality of 50% and relapse rate of up to 60%, emphasizing the need for novel treatment options. In this study, fluoresce activated cell sorting was used to analyze cell cycle progression in five ultra-high-risk neuroblastoma cell lines: BE(2)-C, Kelly, SK-N-AS, SK-N-DZ, and SK-N-FI, post-treatment with doxorubicin and gemcitabine. In line with previous research, doxorubicin primarily induced cell cycle arrest in G2/M-phase and gemcitabine in the S-phase. Combined, the compounds induced varied effects, with accumulation primarily in the G1-and S-phase. Immunoblotting revealed elevated levels of phosphorylated ATM (pATM), a key regulator of cell cycle arrest and DNA damage signaling, across all five cell lines post-treatment to doxorubicin, gemcitabine, and/or the combination, indicating its vital role in their survival. Kelly stood out in both cell cycle progression and ATM phosphorylation, exhibiting minimal to no changes in cell cycle accumulation or pATM expression when exposed to the combined treatment, despite reacting to both monotherapies. These results may indicate that Kelly might implement an alternative mechanism of regulation compared to the remaining cell lines. To explore targeted inhibition of pATM, we employed the ATM kinase inhibitor KU-55933, which in BE(2)-C cells reduced expression levels of pATM when combined with doxorubicin, but not gemcitabine or the combination. Regrowth assays showed increased efficacy of doxorubicin and gemcitabine upon addition of the ATM kinase inhibitor KU-55933 in one of the tested cell lines in comparison to doxorubicin alone. However, longer incubation time is needed before the effect can be fully evaluated. These findings shed light on the differential cell cycle behavior in high-risk neuroblastoma cell lines exposed to combination therapy and suggest a vital role of ATM in the DNA damage response following doxorubicin and gemcitabine treatment. Further investigations are warranted to explore alternative strategies for enhancing the effectiveness of doxorubicin and gemcitabine in the treatment of this aggressive cancer subtype.

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    Publikationer från KTH
    Bachelor thesis . 2023
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      Publikationer från KTH
      Bachelor thesis . 2023
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    Authors: Khogasteh, Sam;

    In recent years, autonomous vehicles have been gaining traction as a technology that can revolutionize society and save approximately $800 billion per year in the U.S. alone. However, due to their complex and dynamic behavior, ensuring the safety of these vehicles has proven to be a challenge for traditional safety analysis methods. Model based safety analysis (MBSA), an application of model-based systems engineering (MBSE), has been proposed as an approach that can help alleviate some of these challenges. By capturing the behavior of the system in the form of a domain model, a number of new safety analysis methods such as simulations and formal verifications are made possible. Although this innovation was first proposed nearly two decades ago, it has not yet seen widespread use in the automotive industry, and there is currently a lack of research studying the barriers and drivers that affect its adoption. This thesis uses a case study approach and the diffusion of innovations theoretical framework to address this gap and understand the different factors that influence the adoption of MBSA in an organization. It also examines how current safety analysis practices are affected by autonomous vehicle technology from a broader perspective, given the emphasis on technical challenges in the existing literature. The findings of this thesis suggest that there is slow adaptation of safety analysis for autonomous vehicles, due to a lack of resource allocation. Additionally, the growing demand for demonstrating the safety of these systems is driven by the novel nature of the technology, the need for public acceptance, and the potential for increased liability in case of accidents. These- aspects, combined with numerous technological challenges, and the likely need for changes in working methods and new collaborations put further pressure on the organization. Regarding the adoption of MBSA, the findings indicate a high relative advantage but low awareness of the method among safety practitioners. Furthermore, the high perceived complexity of the method contributes to skepticism regarding its practical implementation. Further challenges include a high initial investment to implement the method, a lack of compatibility with the existing needs and ways of working within the organization, large-scale trial-related difficulties stemming from the need for a long project time frame, and problems observing the benefits of MBSA because of a lack of suitable comparison metrics. The findings of this thesis can be used to understand how to efficiently navigate the transition to autonomous vehiclesand to successfully implement new safety analysis approaches suitable for autonomous vehicles. På senare år har autonoma fordon fått stor uppmärksamhet som en teknologi med potential att drastiskt förändra dagens samhälle, exempelvis genom att spara cirka 800 miljarder dollar enbart i USA. På grund av deras komplexa och dynamiska beteende har det dock visat sig vara en utmaning för traditionella metoder att garantera säkerheten hos dessa fordon. Modellbaserad säkerhetsanalys (MBSA), som är en tillämpning av modellbaserad systemteknik (MBSE), har föreslagits som ett möjligt tillvägagångssätt för att hantera några av dessa utmaningar. Genom att beskriva systemet i en digital domänmodell möjliggörs en rad nya säkerhetsanalysmetoder, såsom simuleringar och formella verifieringar. Trots att denna teknologi först presenterades nästan två decennier sedan, har den ännu inte använts i stor utsträckning inom fordonsindustrin, och det råder för närvarande en brist på forskning som studerar de olika faktorer som påverkar dess användning. Denna avhandling använder en fallstudiemetod och det teoretiska ramverket "Diffusion of Innovations" för att fylla denna forskningslucka och förstå vilka barriärer och drivkrafter som påverkar huruvida MBSA börjar användas i ett specifikt företag i fordonsindustrin. Den undersöker också hur nuvarande praxis för säkerhetsanalys påverkas av autonoma fordon ur ett bredare perspektiv, eftersom forskningen historiskt sett har fokuserat på tekniska utmaningar. Resultaten och analysen i avhandlingen tyder på att anpassningen av säkerhetsanalysmetoder är långsam, på grund av en brist på resursallokering till detta område. Samtidigt växer behovet av att kunna visa att ett fordon uppfyller de fastställda säkerhetskraven, som en konsekvens av bristen på historik gällande autonoma fordon, behovet av allmän acceptans och potentialen för ett större rättsligt ansvar vid olyckor. Detta i kombination med flera tekniska utmaningar, och det sannolika behovet av förändringar i arbetsmetoder och nya samarbeten, sätter ytterligare press på företagen. Gällande införandet av MBSA tyder resultatet på en hög relativ fördel men låg medvetenhet om metoden bland säkerhetsutövare. Ytterligare identifierade utmaningar är uppfattningen om att metoden kräver en hög initial investering och att det finns en bristande kompatibilitet med befintliga behov och arbetssätt inom organisationen. Slutligen kan ett storskaligt testande och utvärdering av MBSA vara resurskrävande och kräva en lång projektperiod, eftersom det också är svårt att observera fördelarna med metoden på grund av brist på lämpliga jämförelsemått. Resultaten från denna avhandling kan användas som en utgångspunkt för framtida forskning, för att skapa en bättre förståelse för hur fordonsindustrin effektivt ska hantera övergången till autonoma fordon, och för att lära sig hur man framgångsrikt kan implementera MBSA. 

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    Authors: Gummesson, Jonas;

    The world's and Sweden's population continues to increase and there is a need to build more residences. To ensure that the Swedish environmental goal of a good built environment (God bebyggd miljö) is achieved, and the earth's scarce resources are managed, densification is considered by Boverket to be a good planning method wherein buildings are concentrated in those places which contain the best conditions. However, this means that previously unexploited green areas may need to be developed, which entails negative local consequences for ecological and social sustainability. It is additionally not uncommon for strong citizen dissatisfaction to arise when a municipality develops a green area, and some feel that the municipality does not communicate and include the citizens in a satisfactory manner. The Tumba skog project in Botkyrka municipality is a typical example of this phenomenon. During the planning process, many criticisms were received regarding shortcomings in the investigations and poorly executed planning, as well as a desire for more influence and better information. When examining this case, however, no significant flaws could be found in any part of the project, which illustrates the problems surrounding the realization of controversial planning projects, and the associated dissatisfaction that seems to inevitably arise. Världens och Sveriges befolkning fortsätter att öka och det finns ett behov att bygga fler bostäder. För att säkerställa att miljömålet god bebyggd miljö uppnås och jordens resurser hushålls med anser Boverket att förtätning är en bra planeringsmetod, där bebyggelse koncentreras på de platser som har de bästa förutsättningarna. Detta betyder emellertid att tidigare oexploaterade grönområden kan behöva tas i anspråk, vilket innebär lokalt negativa konsekvenser för den ekologiska och sociala hållbarheten. Det är dessutom inte ovanligt att kraftigt missnöje uppstår när en kommun bebygger ett grönområde, samt att medborgare upplever att kommunen inte kommunicerar och inkluderar dem på ett tillfredsställande sätt. Projektet Tumba skog i Botkyrka kommun är ett typiskt exempel på detta fenomen. Under planeringsprocessen inkom ett flertal synpunkter angående brister i utredningarna och dåligt genomförd planering samt en önskan om mer inflytande och bättre informering. Vid granskning av detta fall kunde emellertid inga betydande brister återfinnas i någon del av projektet, vilket illustrerar problematiken kring att genomföra kontroversiella planerings-projekt och det anknutna missnöje som till synes ofrånkomligen uppstår.

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    Publikationer från KTH
    Bachelor thesis . 2021
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      Publikationer från KTH
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    Authors: Mettler, Hannes;

    In our fast-paced, hectic time, which is stamped by an ever-increasing degree of nervousness, unrest, and unsteadiness it has become customary for mankind to relax for a shorter or longer period of time from the habits of everyday life and recreation. To search for strength somewhere on earth that is away from the place of business, that invites you to rest from everyday worries and toils. So lures the Black Forest. With these words, the Sommerberg-Hotel was advertised already over 100 years ago. Nowadays stress has become a fashionable term in our modern and digital world. For many, it is almost a status symbol - because those who are stressed have a lot on their plate and are therefore important. This attitude is leading to increasing health issues and to a society that is not able to breathe anymore because they have to be in working order. After decades of being empty and unused, the Sommerberg-Hotel occupies a unique location on top of the mountain in the Black Forest. Following its rich past and responding to society's needs it becomes once more a refuge to escape the rush. In close dialogue with the existing, this project investigates a possible transformation and a repurposing of the old structures of the Sommerberg-Hotel. Making it to The Mental Wellbeing Place.

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    Publikationer från KTH
    Bachelor thesis . 2022
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      Publikationer från KTH
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    Authors: Bergman, Linnéa;

    Digitala lösningar och information- och kommunikationsteknik (IKT) har föreslagits som ett potentiellt kraftfullt verktyg för att skapa smarta hållbara lösningar som minskar utsläpp och energibehov. Det pågår däremot en debatt huruvida IKT-lösningar verkligen bidrar till minskade utsläpp och minskad energikonsumtion. Det finns ett behov att utvärdera IKT-lösningars påverkan på klimatet med utgångspunkt i ekologisk, ekonomisk och social hållbarhet. Ett tillvägagångssätt att utvärdera klimateffekter är genom hållbarhetsanalyser. Elvenite och dess moderbolag har tagit fram en hållbarhetsanalys som kallas klimatnyttoanalys, vars huvudsakliga syfte är att öka kunskapen kring företagets digitaliseringslösningars positiva och negativa klimatpåverkan. Klimatnyttoanalysen är ny arbetsprocess på Elvenite och denna studie ämnar undersöka dess utvecklingsmöjligheter genom att kartlägga hur medarbetarna på Elvenite och en utvald kund ser på arbetet med klimatnyttoanalys. Baserat på kartläggningen kommer denna studie ge förslag och rekommendationer för fortsatt arbete med klimatnyttoanalys samt ge ett förslag på ett ramverk. Studien är avgränsad att endast ta hänsyn till de ekologiska aspekterna av hållbarhet. Den metod som används är en litteratursökning, en enkätundersökning som analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys samt en intervjustudie som analyserades med tematisk analys. I resultatet presenteras klimatnyttoanalysen i relation till tidigare forskning, en sammanställning av enkätundersökningen samt en sammanställning av den tematiska analysen av intervjustudien. Studien kommer fram till åtta åtgärdsförslag på hur klimatnyttoanalysen behöver utvecklas samt vad Elvenite behöver göra för att fortsätta arbetet med klimatnyttoanalyser och en viktig tanke om social hållbarhet som Elvenite bör ta hänsyn till. Dessutom presenteras ett förslag på ett ramverk baserat på de åtta åtgärdsförslagen. Digital solutions and information and communication technology (ICT) have been proposed as a potentially powerful tool for creating smart sustainable solutions that reduce emissions and energy needs. On the other hand, there is a debate about whether ICT solutions really contribute to reduced emissions and energy consumption. There is a need to evaluate the impact of ICT solutions on the climate based on ecological, economic, and social sustainability. One approach to evaluating climate effects is through sustainability analysis. Elvenite and its parent company have developed a sustainability analysis called climate benefit analysis, whose main purpose is to increase knowledge about the company's digitalization solutions' positive and negative climate impact. The climate benefit analysis is a new work process at Elvenite, and this study intends to investigate its development opportunities by mapping how the employees at Elvenite and a selected customer view the work with climate benefit analysis. Based on the survey, this study will provide proposals and recommendations for continued work with climate benefit analysis and provide a proposal for a framework. The study is limited to considering only the ecological aspects of sustainability. The method used is a literature search, a questionnaire survey that was analyzed with qualitative content analysis and an interview study that was analyzed with thematic analysis. The results present the climate benefit analysis in relation to previous research, a compilation of the questionnaire survey and a compilation of the thematic analysis of the interview study. The study comes up with eight proposals for measures on how the climate benefit analysis needs to be developed and what Elvenite needs to do to continue the work with climate benefit analyzes and an important idea of social sustainability that Elvenite should consider. In addition, a proposal for a framework based on the eight proposals for action is presented.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Zhu, Chuting;

    Pedestrian detection and tracking are essential problems in the field of computer vision, having a wide range of applications in surveillance, security, autonomous driving and robotics areas. Although people detection and tracking are generally considered widely-used technologies currently, however, occlusions still remain a major challenge. In this paper, we propose an approach to improve the detection and tracking performance in multi-camera scenarios with overlapping field-of-views, which allows for better handling of occlusion problem. It mainly includes monocular people detection, projection, fusion, probabilistic occupancy map generation and multi-object tracking steps. Evaluations for detection and tracking on WILDTRACK dataset have been implemented and the results indicate that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art deep learning methods which haven’t been trained on WILDTRACK. Fotgängarnas upptäckt och spårning är väsentliga problem inom datorsynen och har ett brett spektrum av applikationer inom övervakning, säkerhet, autonom körning och robotikområden. Även om människors upptäckt och spårning allmänt betraktas som allmänt använd teknik för närvarande, förblir dock ocklusioner en stor utmaning. I det här förslaget föreslår vi en metod för att förbättra upptäcktoch spårningsprestanda i multikamerascenarier med överlappande synfält, vilket möjliggör bättre hantering av ocklusionsproblem. Det inkluderar främst monokulära människors upptäckt, projicering, fusion, probabilistisk kartläggning av kartong och spårning av flera objekt. Utvärderingar för upptäckt och spårning på WILDTRACK-datasats har implementerats och resultaten indikerar att vår strategi överträffar toppmodern djupinlärningsmetoder som inte har utbildats på WILDTRACK.

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    Bachelor thesis . 2019
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    Authors: Conde Carvalhal, Carlos;

    The prevention of incidents and injuries is fundamental for any industry activity since those events may result in serious economic, environmental, and human losses. Due to the centralization of Linde filling operations within Sweden, several of their plants are being phased out to move the production to Enköping. The elevated raise of Linde's production led to a high increase of forklift drivers and stock levels and consequently brought up the number of incidents related to forklift driving. This thesis aims to obtain knowledge to mitigate forklift truck related safety hazards as well as understand how to eliminate risks and unsafe situations at this type of operation. This project was divided into 3 phases. Phase I consisted of understanding operations routines and its safety risks, assessing Enköping site internal state (with a safety survey, and several visits and interviews), and benchmarking the most common practices based on other companies' forklift-related processes (with visits and interviews). In phase II, parallelly to ISite software implementation, studies utilizing different engineering tools (Spaghetti Diagram, VSM, Fishbone Diagram, and FMEA) were performed in order to gather information and understand how to optimize the site's forklift-related safety. In this phase, a tailored observational KPI was developed in order to assess the site independently of incident measurement regarding four groups: Site, Pedestrian activity, Forklift operation, and Forklift operator behavior. In phase III, all data acquired was discussed, and conclusions were made based on the data analysis and discussions of the results of Phase II implementation allied with the theoretical references. The survey findings showed the high degree of importance given to safety at Linde in Enköping. It also revealed, in addition to all engineering tools applied, which elements should be focused in order to optimize the forklift trucks operational safety (mainly related to Technology dimension). Based on the benchmark comparison, it is possible to allege that the absence of a maintenance facility is the main disadvantage of Linde in Enköping. In contrast, the usage of I-Site fleet management software represents an important step towards safety. The I-Site knowledge and the awareness of its benefits grew among management and operators as setup issues, and technical malfunctioning was eliminated. The observational KPI has obtained preliminary overall values above 0,82 for all groups (on a scale of 0 to 1), proving itself capable of measuring the safety performance and identifying risks and unsafe situations. Att förebygga incidenter och skador är grundläggande för all branschaktivitet eftersom dessa händelser kan leda till allvarliga ekonomiska, miljömässiga och mänskliga förluster. På grund av centraliseringen av Lindes fyllningsverksamheten inom Sverige har flera av deras anläggningar fasats ut för att flytta produktionen till Enköping. Den utökade produktionen på Linde Enköping skapade behov av fler truckförare, högre lagernivåer och ökade följaktligen antalet incidenter relaterade till gaffeltruck. Avhandlingen syftar till att få kunskap för att mildra säkerhetsrisker för gaffeltruckar samt förstå hur man kan eliminera risker och osäkra situationer vid denna typ av verksamhet. Detta projekt delades in i tre faser. Fas I bestod av att förstå driftsrutiner och dess säkerhetsrisker, utvärdera det interna tillståndet på Linde Enköpings arbetsplats (med en säkerhetsundersökning, flera besök och olika intervjuer) och benchmarka de vanligaste metoderna baserat på andra företags gaffeltruckrelaterade processer (med besök och intervjuer). I fas II, parallellt med I-Site-programvaruimplementering, utfördes studier med olika tekniska verktyg (Spaghetti Diagram, VSM, Fishbone Diagram och FMEA) för att undersöka och förstå hur man optimerar verksamhetens gaffeltruckrelaterade säkerhet. I denna fas utvecklades en skräddarsydd observations-KPI för att utvärdera verksamheten oberoende av att mäta incidenter avseende fyra grupper: Plats, fotgängare, gaffeltruck och beteende för gaffeltruck. I fas III diskuterades alla förvärvade data, slutsatser gjordes baserade på dataanalysen och diskussionerna om resultaten av fas II-implementering tillsammans med teoretiska referenser. Undersökningsresultaten visade hur högt säkerhet prioriteras vid Linde Enköping. Den avslöjade också, utöver alla tillämpade konstruktionsverktyg, vilka element som bör fokuseras på för att optimera truckens driftssäkerhet (främst relaterad till teknikdimension). Baserat på den benchmarking som genomfördes är det möjligt att hävda att frånvaron av underhållsanläggning är den största nackdelen med Linde i Enköping. Däremot är användningen av mjukvara för I-Site-flottanhantering ett viktigt steg mot säkerheten. Kunskapen om I-SITE och medvetenheten om dess fördelar växte bland ledningen och operatörerna när installationsproblem och tekniska funktionsfel eliminerades. Utfallen för observations-KPI har erhållit preliminära totalvärden över 0,82 för alla grupper (i en skala från 0 till 1), och visar sig kapabel att mäta säkerhet i genomförande samt att identifiera risker och osäkra situationer.

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    Publikationer från KTH
    Bachelor thesis . 2020
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      Publikationer från KTH
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    Authors: Paul, Moon;
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    Bachelor thesis . 2020
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      Publikationer från KTH
      Bachelor thesis . 2020
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    Authors: Ahlqvist, Wilhelm; Wennmark, Anton;

    Stereotypes are affecting our daily lives. From the interactions between human beings to political decisions from law makers, stereotypes are part of our subconscious tools of perception. While being a common denominator in many worldwide organizations’ target goals, including the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals, many kinds of stereotypes are present and remain a hot topic in discussions. On another front, as artificial intelligence is on the rise, social robots are improving, and they are becoming increasingly relevant to different industries as of today. As social robots are intended to interact directly with people, and are often designed to emulate human beings, questions arise on how these designs should be made to make interactions with people as smooth and successful as possible. In this study we investigated if stereotypes are applicable in human-robot interaction. Contrary to our original belief we found no significant evidence of stereotypes in interactions with robots. Stereotyper påverkar våra dagliga liv. Från interaktioner mellan människor till politiska beslut från lagstiftare, är stereotyper en del av våra undermedvetna verktyg för perception. Medan de utgör en gemensam nämnare för många globala organisationers mål, inklusive Förenta nationernas hållbara utvecklingsmål, finns det många typer av stereotyper som är närvarande och fortfarande ett hett diskussionsämne. På en annan front, i takt med att artificiell intelligens blir alltmer framträdande och sociala robotar förbättras, blir de alltmer relevanta inom olika branscher idag. Eftersom sociala robotar är avsedda att interagera direkt med människor och ofta är utformade för att efterlikna människor, väcks frågor om hur deras design ska göras för att göra interaktioner med människor så smidiga och framgångsrika som möjligt. I denna studie undersökte vi om stereotyper är tillämpliga i mänsklig-robotinteraktion. Till vår överraskning fann vi inga signifikanta bevis för stereotyper i interaktioner med robotar.

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    Publikationer från KTH
    Bachelor thesis . 2023
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      Publikationer från KTH
      Bachelor thesis . 2023
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    Authors: Saleem, Aban; Blomgren, Jacob;

    This thesis was based on the subjects of mathematical statistics and industrial economics and management in order to analyze the grades of pupils in the final year of elementary school. The purpose was to find out what variables had a statistically significant impact on pupils’ final grades so that municipalities and schools could better understand what variables are important when trying to improve the average school results. A multiple regression model was used on data, obtained from the database of Skolverket, in order to examine what variables were statistically important. The final regression model acquired through a model reduction procedure showed that mostly structural covariates such as the academic background of pupils, percentage of female pupils and the percentage with Swedish background had a statistically significant impact on the academic performances of the students. R2 adjusted of the final model was 0.5289. The multiple regression model was discussed by referencing to previous research. In addition, the strategic management performance framework known as Balanced Scorecard which was introduced by Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton was used to discuss relevant key performance indicators to achieve the strategic objectives of schools. Detta examensarbete, inom ämnet för matematisk statistik och industriell ekonomi, genomfördes med syftet att analysera avgångsbetygen för år 9 i den svenska skolan. Syftet var att förstå vilka variabler som hade en statistisk signifikant påverkan på elevers avgångsbetyg, så kommuner kan förstå vilka variabler som är viktiga för att förbättra de genomsnittliga skolresultaten. En regressionsanalys utfördes, på data från Skolverket, för att se vilka variabler som var statistiskt signifikanta. Den slutgiltiga regressionsmodellen, erhållen genom iterativ reducering av variabler, visade att främst strukturella kovariat, som akademisk bakgrund hos elever, andel kvinnliga studenter och andel studenter med svensk bakgrund hade en signifikant betydelse på studenters akademiska resultat. Justerad R2 var 0.5289 för den slutgiltiga modellen. I diskussionen utvärderades modellen utifrån tidigare forskning. Vidare användes teorin om balanserat styrkort, utvecklat av Robert S. Kaplan och David P. Norton, för att diskutera relevanta nyckeltal för att uppnå strategiska mål för skolan.

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    Publikationer från KTH
    Bachelor thesis . 2020
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      Publikationer från KTH
      Bachelor thesis . 2020
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    Authors: Johannesson, Alexandra;

    Neuroblastom är en barncancer som uppstår ur det sympatiska nervsystemet och drabbar omkring 15 barn i Sverige varje år. Högriskvarianten är associerad med mycket hög dödlighet och risk för återfall, vilket tros ha att göra med att tumörernas ovanligt heterogena sammansättning tillåter resistenta subpopulationer att motstå konventionella behandlingsmetoder. Tidigare forskning har identifierat rubbade mekanismer för celldelning som ett tillvägagångssätt för tumörcellerna att överleva DNA-skador som kemoterapeutiska droger orsakar. I detta masterprojekt analyserades fem ultra-högrisk neuroblastomcellinjer i syfte att belysa deras progression genom celldelningen efter behandling med doxorubicin och/eller gemcitabin. Vidare identifierades ataxia telangesia mutated (ATM) serine/threonine kinase som ett essentiellt protein vid inhibering av celldelningen och i samband med reparation av DNA-skador, vilket bekräftades av förhöjt uttryck av fosforylerat ATM i alla fem cellinjer efter behandling med doxorubicin, gemcitabin, och/eller en kombination av båda. Återväxt av tumörcellerna efter inhibering av fosforylerat ATM i kombination med doxorubicin och gemcitabin analyserades sedan, och fördröjd återväxt noterades i en av cellinjerna efter kombinationsbehandling. Sammantaget har nya mekanismer för behandlingsresistens hos tumörceller identifierats och alternativa kombinationsbehandlingar har visat effekt på en av fem testade neuroblastomcellinjer. Neuroblastoma is a pediatric cancer of the sympathetic nervous system that afflicts around 15 children annually in Sweden. Despite aggressive treatment, high-risk neuroblastoma is associated with a mortality of 50% and relapse rate of up to 60%, emphasizing the need for novel treatment options. In this study, fluoresce activated cell sorting was used to analyze cell cycle progression in five ultra-high-risk neuroblastoma cell lines: BE(2)-C, Kelly, SK-N-AS, SK-N-DZ, and SK-N-FI, post-treatment with doxorubicin and gemcitabine. In line with previous research, doxorubicin primarily induced cell cycle arrest in G2/M-phase and gemcitabine in the S-phase. Combined, the compounds induced varied effects, with accumulation primarily in the G1-and S-phase. Immunoblotting revealed elevated levels of phosphorylated ATM (pATM), a key regulator of cell cycle arrest and DNA damage signaling, across all five cell lines post-treatment to doxorubicin, gemcitabine, and/or the combination, indicating its vital role in their survival. Kelly stood out in both cell cycle progression and ATM phosphorylation, exhibiting minimal to no changes in cell cycle accumulation or pATM expression when exposed to the combined treatment, despite reacting to both monotherapies. These results may indicate that Kelly might implement an alternative mechanism of regulation compared to the remaining cell lines. To explore targeted inhibition of pATM, we employed the ATM kinase inhibitor KU-55933, which in BE(2)-C cells reduced expression levels of pATM when combined with doxorubicin, but not gemcitabine or the combination. Regrowth assays showed increased efficacy of doxorubicin and gemcitabine upon addition of the ATM kinase inhibitor KU-55933 in one of the tested cell lines in comparison to doxorubicin alone. However, longer incubation time is needed before the effect can be fully evaluated. These findings shed light on the differential cell cycle behavior in high-risk neuroblastoma cell lines exposed to combination therapy and suggest a vital role of ATM in the DNA damage response following doxorubicin and gemcitabine treatment. Further investigations are warranted to explore alternative strategies for enhancing the effectiveness of doxorubicin and gemcitabine in the treatment of this aggressive cancer subtype.

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    Bachelor thesis . 2023
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