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International audience; Although the problem of computing frequent queries in relational databases is known to be intractable, it has been argued in our previous work that using functional and inclusion dependencies, computing frequent conjunctive queries becomes feasible for databases operating over a star schema. However, the implementation considered in this previous work showed severe limitations for large fact tables. The main contribution of this paper is to overcome these limitations using appropriate auxiliary tables. We thus introduce a novel algorithm, called Frequent Query Finder (FQF), and we report on experiments showing that our algorithm allows for an effective and efficient computation of frequent queries.

International audience; Deterministic networking allows carrying data flows with low data-loss rates and with bounded latency. A typical use-case is the convergence of Operational Technology (OT) with Information Technology (IT), also known as the Industrial Internet. Wireless networks operate on a shared communication medium where the potential external interference along with multi-path fading impact data packet delivery. Since the medium is shared, it is not necessarily possible to employ wired techniques, such as preemption, to guarantee timely delivery. By employing diversity in the time, frequency and spatial domains, wireless technologies with scheduled transmissions, such as IEEE 802.15.4 Time Slot Channel Hopping (TSCH), can mitigate those effects and provide Reliable and Available Wireless communications that approach determinism. Nevertheless, a radio link operating in the ISM band, such as IEEE 802.15.4-TSCH, still needs to handle collisions and possibly re-transmission. Therefore, a single link cannot reliably ensure delivery at all times within bounded latency. It takes redundant links and paths to provide both the high availability and the near consistent reliability that industrial applications require. In this paper, we present the Packet Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ), Replication and Elimination (RE), and Overhearing (PAREO) functions to further increase the Quality of Service (QoS) in industrial networks, even when implemented on top of best-effort traffic in a shared network.

Trophy hunting is one of the most controversial issues in the field of biodiversity conservation. In particular, proponents and opponents debate fiercely over whether it poses a threat to hunted populations. Here, we show that trophy hunting constitutes a greater menace to threatened species than previously realized. Because humans value rarity, targeted species that are threatened are likely to be disproportionately hunted, thereby becoming even more vulnerable, which could eventually push them to extinction. With the ten felid species currently hunted for their trophies, we present evidence that (1) the number of killed individuals increases with time, in several cases exponentially, despite population declines, (2) the price of trophies is strongly dependent on species protection status, (3) changes of protection status coincide with counter-intuitive changes of hunting pressures: protection intensification with augmented hunting effort, and protection relaxation with lower effort. This suggests an over-exploitation of trophy-hunted felids and the necessity of a better quota system coupled with reconsidered protection methods.

International audience; Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was applied on fresh (NF), freeze-dried (FD) and cell wall materials (AIS) of raw and processed apples. These samples prepared from 36 apple sets and the corresponding 72 purees, issued from different varieties, agricultural practices, storage periods and processing conditions, were used to build models including exploratory analysis, supervised classification and multivariate calibration. Fresh and freeze-dried samples presented similar fingerprint spectral variations due to processing. ATR-FTIR directly on fresh purees satisfactorily predicted textural properties such as particle average size and volume (RPD > 3.0), while freeze-drying improved assessment of chemical (RPD > 3.2) and rheological (RPD > 3.1) parameters using partial least-squares regression. The assessment of texture and macrocomponents of purees can be obtained with a limited sample preparation. For research applications because of a need of sample preparation, changes of cell wall composition during fruit processing could be assessed in relationship with pectin degradation.

International audience; Thirty lactating dairy cows were used in a 333 Latin-square design to investigate the effects of a raw or extruded blend of linseed and wheat bran (70:30) on plasma and milk fatty-acids (FA). Linseed diets, containing 16.6% linseed blend on a dry-matter basis, decreased milk yield and protein percentage. They decreased the proportions of FA with less than 18 carbons in plasma and milk and resulted in cis -9, cis -12, cis -15 18:3 proportions that were more than three and four times higher in plasma and milk, respectively, whereas cis -9, cis -12 18:2 proportions were decreased by 10–15%. The cis -9, trans -11, cis -15 18:3 isomer of conjugated linolenic acid was not detected in the milk of control cows, but was over 0.15% of total FA in the milk fat of linseed-supplemented cows. Similarly, linseed increased plasma and milk proportions of all biohydrogenation (BH) intermediates in plasma and milk, including the main isomer of conjugated linoleic acid cis -9, trans -11 18:2, except trans -4 18:1 and cis -11, trans -15 18:2 in plasma lipids. In milk fat, compared with raw linseed, extruded linseed further reduced 6:0–16:0 even-chain FA, did not significantly affect the proportions of 18:0, cis -9 18:1 and cis- 9, cis -12 18:2, tended to increase cis -9, cis -12, cis -15 18:3, and resulted in an additional increase in the proportions of most BH intermediates. It was concluded that linseed addition can improve the proportion of conjugated linoleic and linolenic acids, and that extrusion further increases the proportions of intermediates of ruminal BH in milk fat.

International audience; Magnitudes of differential stress in the lithosphere, especially in the crust, are still disputed. Earthquake-based stress drop estimates indicate median values ca. 180 MPa, corresponding to a friction angle of ca. 10° to maintain the topographic relief between lowland and plateau for >10 Ma. The relative contribution of crustal strength to total lithospheric strength varies considerably laterally. In the region between lowland and plateau and inside the plateau the depth-integrated crustal strength is approximately equal to the depth-integrated strength of the mantle lithosphere. Simple analytical formulae predicting the lateral variation of depth-integrated stresses agree with numerically calculated stress fields, which show both the accuracy of the numerical results and the applicability of simple, rheology-independent, analytical predictions to highly variable, rheology-dependent stress fields. Our results indicate that (1) crustal strength can be locally equal to mantle lithosphere strength and that (2) crustal stresses must be at least one order of magnitude larger than median stress drops in order to support the plateau relief over a duration of ca. 10 Ma.

Dans No Thoroughfare de Charles Dickens et Wilkie Collins (f870), le déséquilibre de l’intrigue survient lorsque le « personnage principal » apprend qu’il est, et qu’à la fois, il n’est pas Walter Wilding. Les deux auteurs nous amènent à la limite de l’appellation, un procédé dont ils rappellent la complexité et dont ils proposent diverses déviances. Ils mettent en présence deux personnages, qui pour survivre dans le récit devront se poser la question des rapports complexes entre nom propre et référence. A travers deux modes de construction de personnages, Wilkie Collins et Charles Dickens illustrent le débat des logico-linguistes et y apportent leur participation. In No Thoroughfare by Charles Dickens and Wilkie Collins (1870), the main plot is starts on the “main character’s” learning that he both is and is not Walter Wilding. The two authors thus take us to the limits of naming, reminding us of the complexity of its process while they display various deviances of the naming process. Two characters are involved and their endurance in the narrative they consider the complex relations between proper noun and referent. Through two modes of character framing, Wilkie Collins and Charles Dickens illustrate and take part in the logico-linguists’ long existing debate on this issue.

The Leonetti law outlaws excessive professional practice leading to prolongation of life by medical means. Any treatment, including artificial nutrition may be withheld or withdrawn. The law defines 3 situations, in which : the patient is conscious and at end of life, conscious and not at end of life, and unconscious (whether or not at end of life). In the case of a conscious end of life patient who requests a limitation of care, the doctor is obliged to respect the patient’s request and inform the patient of the consequences. For a person who is not end of life the doctor must respect the patient’s request, inform him/her of the consequences and do all in his/her power to convince the patient, and the patient must repeat his/her request after a reasonable period of time. If a patient is unable to express his/her own will the law requires that the patient’s will and collegiate discussion, which must reach a consensus, be respected. The will of the unconscious patient should be investigated by the practitioner through advanced instructions which the patient may have written within 3 years, or failing this from reportage by the trusted person and those close to the patient. The law stipulates that the decision of the trusted person will prevail over any other non-medical opinion. The collegiate procedure indicates consultation with the care team and with a doctor other than the doctor in charge of the patient and not within that doctor’s line management. In all situations, the patient’s will, the medical decision and its justifications and medical actions will be recorded in the patient dossier for the purposes of transparency and the sick person will receive palliative care. La Loi Leonetti pose le refus de l’acharnement thérapeutique. La limitation ou arrêt des traitements (LATA) peut concerner tout traitement dont la nutrition artificielle. La loi encadre trois situations selon que le malade est conscient et en fin de vie, conscient et non en fin de vie, inconscient (en fin de vie ou non). Envers un malade conscient et en fin de vie qui demande une LATA, le médecin a les obligations de respecter sa demande et de l’informer des conséquences. Pour une personne qui n’est pas en fin de vie, le médecin doit respecter sa demande, l’informer des conséquences, mettre tout en œuvre pour le convaincre et le malade doit réitérer sa demande après un délai raisonnable. Si le malade est en incapacité d’exprimer sa volonté, la loi pose le respect de la volonté du malade et la collégialité de la discussion. La volonté du malade inconscient sera recherchée par le praticien au travers des directives anticipées qu’il aurait éventuellement rédigées moins de 3 ans avant, sinon des témoignages de sa personne de confiance et de ses proches. La loi pose que l’avis de la personne de confiance, en l’absence de directives anticipées, prévaut sur tout autre avis non médical. La procédure collégiale signifie une consultation de l’équipe de soin et d’un autre médecin que le médecin en charge du patient, sans rapport de hiérarchie entre eux. Dans tous les cas, la volonté du malade, la décision médicale et ses motivations, et l’action médicale sont inscrites dans le dossier du malade dans un souci de transparence et la personne malade reçoit des soins palliatifs.

Abstract In recent years, Topology Optimization (TO) gained interest in the scientific community. It assists in finding the best arrangement of material in a design volume. The classical approach named ”Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization” (SIMP) associates a fictitious density to each finite element in the domain. While SIMP is described as an implicit approach which can lead to problems with dimensionality of variables, explicit methods adopt a geometric projection of simple elements (eg.: bars) to reduce the number of design variables. This simplifies the geometric interpretation of the optimal architecture. The major explicit methods were recently unified into a general framework, Generalized Geometric Projection (GGP). Currently it is quite challenging to take into account manufacturing constraints in the topology optimization design phase. Therefore this paper presents an application of the GGP Method to the design of products made by Additive Layer Manufacturing (ALM). Every printed layer constitutes a geometric element, involving design variables relative to position and width. Specific constraints of ALM, including bridge length and overhang angle, can be easily monitored by exploiting the geometric features of the combined elements. Examples in two dimensions will be reported, analyzing two academic benchmark problems. A comparison to other proven techniques is also detailed. An mean difference of 7.7% is observed for solutions with only overhang angle constraint, while a mean difference of 11% is observed for solutions with overhang angle and bridge length constraint. The presented work integrates design and manufacturing, directly identifying the path of the printed layers.

ABSTRACT As a preliminary to the localization of the receptor-binding site(s) on the Nipah virus (NiV) glycoprotein (NiV-G), we have undertaken the identification of NiV-G residues that play a role in fusion promotion. To achieve this, we have used two strategies. First, as NiV and Hendra virus (HeV) share a common receptor and their cellular tropism is similar, we hypothesized that residues functioning in receptor attachment could be conserved between their respective G proteins. Our initial strategy was to target charged residues (which can be expected to be at the surface of the protein) conserved between the NiV-G and HeV-G globular heads. Second, we generated NiV variants that escaped neutralization by anti-NiV-G monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that neutralize NiV both in vitro and in vivo, likely by blocking receptor attachment. The sequencing of such “escape mutants” identified NiV-G residues present in the epitopes to which the neutralizing MAbs are directed. Residues identified via these two strategies whose mutation had an effect on fusion promotion were localized on a new structural model for the NiV-G protein. Our results suggest that seven NiV-G residues, including one (E533) that was identified using both strategies, form a contiguous site on the top of the globular head that is implicated in ephrinB2 binding. This site commences near the shallow depression in the center of the top surface of the globular head and extends to the rim of the barrel-like structure on the top loops of β-sheet 5. The topology of this site is strikingly similar to that proposed to form the SLAM receptor site on another paramyxovirus attachment protein, that of the measles virus hemagglutinin.