doi: 10.1007/jhep12(2021)106 , 10.18154/rwth-2022-00589 , 10.3204/pubdb-2021-05603 , 10.18154/rwth-2022-00477 , 10.3204/pubdb-2021-02583 , 10.5445/ir/1000141722 , 10.48550/arxiv.2104.12853
handle: 10651/62265 , 10261/260948 , 10902/24685 , 11368/3004615 , 10281/472060 , 10486/717605 , 10446/201186 , 10679/8197 , 10067/1849070151162165141 , 11449/233924 , 11492/5824 , 10831/110966 , 11503/1996 , 11577/3413571 , 11573/1623042 , 11584/368925 , 11567/1075946 , 11568/1134098 , 20.500.14017/4138ba92-1579-43a2-b61d-5bd089ae8db4 , 11589/277040 , 11391/1507178 , 11384/141483 , 11585/859155 , 20.500.11769/526924 , 2158/1262369 , 1854/LU-8754144 , 2318/1840724 , 1721.1/138786 , 11563/158896 , 10044/1/93719 , 11579/134676 , 1911/111910 , 11571/1477375
doi: 10.1007/jhep12(2021)106 , 10.18154/rwth-2022-00589 , 10.3204/pubdb-2021-05603 , 10.18154/rwth-2022-00477 , 10.3204/pubdb-2021-02583 , 10.5445/ir/1000141722 , 10.48550/arxiv.2104.12853
handle: 10651/62265 , 10261/260948 , 10902/24685 , 11368/3004615 , 10281/472060 , 10486/717605 , 10446/201186 , 10679/8197 , 10067/1849070151162165141 , 11449/233924 , 11492/5824 , 10831/110966 , 11503/1996 , 11577/3413571 , 11573/1623042 , 11584/368925 , 11567/1075946 , 11568/1134098 , 20.500.14017/4138ba92-1579-43a2-b61d-5bd089ae8db4 , 11589/277040 , 11391/1507178 , 11384/141483 , 11585/859155 , 20.500.11769/526924 , 2158/1262369 , 1854/LU-8754144 , 2318/1840724 , 1721.1/138786 , 11563/158896 , 10044/1/93719 , 11579/134676 , 1911/111910 , 11571/1477375
Abstract A search for a heavy resonance decaying to a top quark and a W boson in the fully hadronic final state is presented. The analysis is performed using data from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb−1 recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The search is focused on heavy resonances, where the decay products of each top quark or W boson are expected to be reconstructed as a single, large-radius jet with a distinct substructure. The production of an excited bottom quark, b*, is used as a benchmark when setting limits on the cross section for a heavy resonance decaying to a top quark and a W boson. The hypotheses of b* quarks with left-handed, right-handed, and vector-like chiralities are excluded at 95% confidence level for masses below 2.6, 2.8, and 3.1 TeV, respectively. These are the most stringent limits on the b* quark mass to date, extending the previous best limits by almost a factor of two.
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citations | 1 | |
popularity | Average | |
influence | Average | |
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handle: 10831/111920
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popularity | Average | |
influence | Average | |
impulse | Average |
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handle: 10831/56434
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handle: 10831/113612
3D printing has evolved as a disruptive technology for fabrication of industrial components, however due to the intrinsic nature of the process, the mechanical strength of the parts developed by 3D printing is a subject of research. The economic and technical advantages offered by 3D printing makes it as a potential replacement for the conventional manufacturing processes, particularly for developing complex and optimized products. The current paper is structured to\ud focus on the various processes of 3D printing used for the development of industrial products, the various process parameters involved in each process and their effect on the mechanical properties of these parts particularly fatigue, tensile, bending strength, etc. primarily focusing on polymeric\ud materials. Further an important aspect of 3D printed parts i’e tribological properties have been highlighted. A systemic literature review related to these aspects has also been presented. A section highlights the various applications of these 3D printed parts particularly in medical, aerospace and\ud automotive. A section also highlights the sustainability aspects of these 3D printed parts. The paper also highlights the possible future research areas, recommendations and challenges involved in developing 3D printed parts.
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Green | |
gold |
citations | 52 | |
popularity | Top 1% | |
influence | Top 10% | |
impulse | Top 1% |
views | 33 | |
downloads | 225 |
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doi: 10.1103/physrevd.104.012015 , 10.3204/pubdb-2021-03524 , 10.18154/rwth-2021-08885 , 10.18154/rwth-2021-08923 , 10.5445/ir/1000136371 , 10.3204/pubdb-2020-04941
handle: 10486/703205 , 10261/260477 , 10902/24676 , 11588/931225 , 11368/2993594 , 20.500.12960/1250 , 20.500.14243/472343 , 10281/476067 , 10679/8239 , 10067/1805480151162165141 , 11492/5213 , 10831/111023 , 11503/1731 , 11577/3400572 , 11573/1626440 , 11584/420785 , 11567/1058113 , 11568/1134048 , 20.500.14017/1b7c0469-23ab-424f-93fe-c76dd468bec6 , 11589/276831 , 11391/1507439 , 11384/139583 , 11585/852552 , 20.500.11769/526762 , 2158/1297782 , 1854/LU-8754178 , 2318/1846120 , 11586/376631 , 11579/134915 , 11571/1477946 , 11563/159050 , 10044/1/91085
doi: 10.1103/physrevd.104.012015 , 10.3204/pubdb-2021-03524 , 10.18154/rwth-2021-08885 , 10.18154/rwth-2021-08923 , 10.5445/ir/1000136371 , 10.3204/pubdb-2020-04941
handle: 10486/703205 , 10261/260477 , 10902/24676 , 11588/931225 , 11368/2993594 , 20.500.12960/1250 , 20.500.14243/472343 , 10281/476067 , 10679/8239 , 10067/1805480151162165141 , 11492/5213 , 10831/111023 , 11503/1731 , 11577/3400572 , 11573/1626440 , 11584/420785 , 11567/1058113 , 11568/1134048 , 20.500.14017/1b7c0469-23ab-424f-93fe-c76dd468bec6 , 11589/276831 , 11391/1507439 , 11384/139583 , 11585/852552 , 20.500.11769/526762 , 2158/1297782 , 1854/LU-8754178 , 2318/1846120 , 11586/376631 , 11579/134915 , 11571/1477946 , 11563/159050 , 10044/1/91085
An inclusive search is presented for long-lived particles using displaced jets. The search uses a data sample collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2017 and 2018, from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The results of this search are combined with those of a previous search using a data sample collected with the CMS detector in 2016, yielding a total integrated luminosity of 132 fb$^{-1}$. The analysis searches for the distinctive topology of displaced tracks and displaced vertices associated with a dijet system. For a simplified model, where pair-produced long-lived neutral particles decay into quark-antiquark pairs, pair production cross sections larger than 0.07 fb are excluded at 95% confidence level (CL) for long-lived particle masses larger than 500 GeV and mean proper decay lengths between 2 and 250 mm. For a model where the standard model-like Higgs boson decays to two long-lived scalar particles that each decays to a quark-antiquark pair, branching fractions larger than 1% are excluded at 95% CL for mean proper decay lengths between 1 mm and 340 mm. A group of supersymmetric models with pair-produced long-lived gluinos or top squarks decaying into various final-state topologies containing displaced jets is also tested. Gluino masses up to 2500 GeV and top squark masses up to 1600 GeV are excluded at 95% CL for mean proper decay lengths between 3 and 300 mm. The highest lower bounds on mass reach 2600 GeV for long-lived gluinos and 1800 GeV for long-lived top squarks. These are the most stringent limits to date on these models. Physical review / D 104(1), 012015 (1-38) (2021). doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.104.012015 Published by Inst., Melville, NY
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citations | 26 | |
popularity | Top 10% | |
influence | Average | |
impulse | Top 10% |
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handle: 10831/58276
AbstractThe charge-discharge characteristics and the aging mechanism of PbO2 layers doped with bismuth in contact with sulfuric acid solutions were studied by using combined cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) techniques. For this purpose, thick lead dioxide layers (non-doped and doped with Bi) were electrodeposited on gold substrate from aqueous solutions of Pb(NO3)2 dissolved in nitric acid and they were investigated in sulfuric acid media. Based on the electrochemical and the mass change responses, it is concluded that during the electrodeposition, bismuth influences the structure of the PbO2 formed. Bi(III) also inhibits the oxidation of lead sulfate and affects the reduction kinetics of lead dioxide. During successive cyclization (aging), the presence of bismuth accelerates the hydration of PbO2.
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citations | 4 | |
popularity | Top 10% | |
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handle: 10831/82996
AbstractCourts conducting constitutional review do not work as ‘ivory towers’ any longer: they are part of the global dialogue on constitutional ideas and thoughts. This dialogue includes an exchange of experiences with fellow constitutional and apex courts, as well as the close observation of developments in foreign constitutional and legal systems, scholarship, and international trends. The Constitutional Court of Hungary has been an active participant in this dialogue since the Court's establishment in 1989, albeit with varying levels of intensity and goals. Moving beyond the often anecdotal observations in this field, the paper aims to conduct a deep analysis of how the Court uses comparative law in its work (during the preparatory phase and the drafting of final decisions) and examines the factors that may influence the Court's practice in this area. Such a clear overview can assist proponents of the use of comparative reasoning to contravene the increasing amount of criticism of the practice's legitimacy and selectivity.
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citations | 1 | |
popularity | Average | |
influence | Average | |
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handle: 10831/77492
A nemzetközi magánjogban a jogi személy személyes joga konkrét kapcsolóelveken keresztül kijelöli a jogi személy jogállására alkalmazandó jogot. A nemzetközi magánjogban a személyes jog meghatározására két kapcsolóelv alakult ki, amelyek eltérő jogpolitikai megfontolásokat tükröznek: az inkorporációs elv és a tényleges székhely elve. Az Európai Unió jogalkotása nem tartalmaz rendelkezést a jogi személyek személyes jogának meghatározására. Az uniós tagállamok így szabadságot élveznek a kapcsolóelv kiválasztásában, de azok alkalmazása nem eredményezheti a letelepedés szabadságának korlátozását.
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citations | 0 | |
popularity | Average | |
influence | Average | |
impulse | Average |
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The finite temperature QCD transition for physical quark masses is a crossover. For smaller quark masses a first-order phase transition is expected. Using Symanzik improved gauge and stout improved fermion action for 2+1 flavour staggered QCD we give estimates/bounds for the phase line separating the first-order region from the crossover one. The calculations are carried out on two different lattice spacings. Our conclusion for the critical mass is $m_0 \lesssim 0.07 \cdot m_{phys}$ for $N_T=4$ and $m_0 \lesssim 0.12 \cdot m_{phys}$ for $N_T=6$ lattices. Talk presented at the XXV International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, July 30 - August 4 2007, Regensburg, Germany. 7 pages, 6 figures
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popularity | Average | |
influence | Average | |
impulse | Average |
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handle: 10831/110718
Abstract The combined use of the stable isotope compositions of speleothem carbonate and inclusion-hosted water presents great potential in paleotemperature reconstructions, due to the various temperature-dependent isotope fractionations detected in cave systems and their environment. This paper evaluates the applicational possibilities of hydrogen and oxygen isotope measurements of inclusion-hosted water and its host calcite, in three different approaches: i) direct determination of calcite-water oxygen isotope fractionation by measuring inclusion water and carbonate compositions, ii) calculation of water oxygen isotope composition from hydrogen isotope data and of temperature from the inferred calcite-water fractionation, and iii) calculation of formation temperature from measured hydrogen isotope data and its temperature dependence in the modern precipitation water. Fluid inclusion oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions as well as calcite oxygen isotope compositions were determined for five speleothem occurrences in Hungary. Although the background processes are not resolved, calculations involving measured calcite and water oxygen isotope compositions yielded unrealistic paleotemperatures, likely because of syn-formation isotope fractionation processes and diagenetic alterations. The hydrogen isotope data may yield realistic temperatures, provided that long-term isotopic composition - temperature relationships are known and the stable hydrogen isotope composition of the precipitation waters in the study area is temperature-controlled. Winter half-year and annual isotope-temperature relationships (δ2H/T gradients) were calculated using multidecadal isotope composition records from the Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP), gridded surface temperatures, and precipitation amounts from the E-OBS 21.0e database. The calculations yielded a paleotemperature record for the last ~250 ka, with average precisions ranging from ±0.6 °C for interglacial to ±2.4 °C for glacial periods. Clumped isotope analyses of cave-hosted flowstones support the inferred formation temperatures based on gradients, while detection of kinetic fractionations by combined hydrogen and oxygen isotope analyses of calcite and inclusion water lead to filtering clumped isotope (Δ47) data and more coherent Δ47-temperature relationships.
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citations | 14 | |
popularity | Top 10% | |
influence | Average | |
impulse | Top 10% |
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doi: 10.1007/jhep12(2021)106 , 10.18154/rwth-2022-00589 , 10.3204/pubdb-2021-05603 , 10.18154/rwth-2022-00477 , 10.3204/pubdb-2021-02583 , 10.5445/ir/1000141722 , 10.48550/arxiv.2104.12853
handle: 10651/62265 , 10261/260948 , 10902/24685 , 11368/3004615 , 10281/472060 , 10486/717605 , 10446/201186 , 10679/8197 , 10067/1849070151162165141 , 11449/233924 , 11492/5824 , 10831/110966 , 11503/1996 , 11577/3413571 , 11573/1623042 , 11584/368925 , 11567/1075946 , 11568/1134098 , 20.500.14017/4138ba92-1579-43a2-b61d-5bd089ae8db4 , 11589/277040 , 11391/1507178 , 11384/141483 , 11585/859155 , 20.500.11769/526924 , 2158/1262369 , 1854/LU-8754144 , 2318/1840724 , 1721.1/138786 , 11563/158896 , 10044/1/93719 , 11579/134676 , 1911/111910 , 11571/1477375
doi: 10.1007/jhep12(2021)106 , 10.18154/rwth-2022-00589 , 10.3204/pubdb-2021-05603 , 10.18154/rwth-2022-00477 , 10.3204/pubdb-2021-02583 , 10.5445/ir/1000141722 , 10.48550/arxiv.2104.12853
handle: 10651/62265 , 10261/260948 , 10902/24685 , 11368/3004615 , 10281/472060 , 10486/717605 , 10446/201186 , 10679/8197 , 10067/1849070151162165141 , 11449/233924 , 11492/5824 , 10831/110966 , 11503/1996 , 11577/3413571 , 11573/1623042 , 11584/368925 , 11567/1075946 , 11568/1134098 , 20.500.14017/4138ba92-1579-43a2-b61d-5bd089ae8db4 , 11589/277040 , 11391/1507178 , 11384/141483 , 11585/859155 , 20.500.11769/526924 , 2158/1262369 , 1854/LU-8754144 , 2318/1840724 , 1721.1/138786 , 11563/158896 , 10044/1/93719 , 11579/134676 , 1911/111910 , 11571/1477375
Abstract A search for a heavy resonance decaying to a top quark and a W boson in the fully hadronic final state is presented. The analysis is performed using data from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb−1 recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The search is focused on heavy resonances, where the decay products of each top quark or W boson are expected to be reconstructed as a single, large-radius jet with a distinct substructure. The production of an excited bottom quark, b*, is used as a benchmark when setting limits on the cross section for a heavy resonance decaying to a top quark and a W boson. The hypotheses of b* quarks with left-handed, right-handed, and vector-like chiralities are excluded at 95% confidence level for masses below 2.6, 2.8, and 3.1 TeV, respectively. These are the most stringent limits on the b* quark mass to date, extending the previous best limits by almost a factor of two.
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citations | 1 | |
popularity | Average | |
influence | Average | |
impulse | Average |
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handle: 10831/111920
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citations | 0 | |
popularity | Average | |
influence | Average | |
impulse | Average |
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handle: 10831/56434
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citations | 0 | |
popularity | Average | |
influence | Average | |
impulse | Average |
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handle: 10831/113612
3D printing has evolved as a disruptive technology for fabrication of industrial components, however due to the intrinsic nature of the process, the mechanical strength of the parts developed by 3D printing is a subject of research. The economic and technical advantages offered by 3D printing makes it as a potential replacement for the conventional manufacturing processes, particularly for developing complex and optimized products. The current paper is structured to\ud focus on the various processes of 3D printing used for the development of industrial products, the various process parameters involved in each process and their effect on the mechanical properties of these parts particularly fatigue, tensile, bending strength, etc. primarily focusing on polymeric\ud materials. Further an important aspect of 3D printed parts i’e tribological properties have been highlighted. A systemic literature review related to these aspects has also been presented. A section highlights the various applications of these 3D printed parts particularly in medical, aerospace and\ud automotive. A section also highlights the sustainability aspects of these 3D printed parts. The paper also highlights the possible future research areas, recommendations and challenges involved in developing 3D printed parts.
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Green | |
gold |
citations | 52 | |
popularity | Top 1% | |
influence | Top 10% | |
impulse | Top 1% |
views | 33 | |
downloads | 225 |
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doi: 10.1103/physrevd.104.012015 , 10.3204/pubdb-2021-03524 , 10.18154/rwth-2021-08885 , 10.18154/rwth-2021-08923 , 10.5445/ir/1000136371 , 10.3204/pubdb-2020-04941
handle: 10486/703205 , 10261/260477 , 10902/24676 , 11588/931225 , 11368/2993594 , 20.500.12960/1250 , 20.500.14243/472343 , 10281/476067 , 10679/8239 , 10067/1805480151162165141 , 11492/5213 , 10831/111023 , 11503/1731 , 11577/3400572 , 11573/1626440 , 11584/420785 , 11567/1058113 , 11568/1134048 , 20.500.14017/1b7c0469-23ab-424f-93fe-c76dd468bec6 , 11589/276831 , 11391/1507439 , 11384/139583 , 11585/852552 , 20.500.11769/526762 , 2158/1297782 , 1854/LU-8754178 , 2318/1846120 , 11586/376631 , 11579/134915 , 11571/1477946 , 11563/159050 , 10044/1/91085
doi: 10.1103/physrevd.104.012015 , 10.3204/pubdb-2021-03524 , 10.18154/rwth-2021-08885 , 10.18154/rwth-2021-08923 , 10.5445/ir/1000136371 , 10.3204/pubdb-2020-04941
handle: 10486/703205 , 10261/260477 , 10902/24676 , 11588/931225 , 11368/2993594 , 20.500.12960/1250 , 20.500.14243/472343 , 10281/476067 , 10679/8239 , 10067/1805480151162165141 , 11492/5213 , 10831/111023 , 11503/1731 , 11577/3400572 , 11573/1626440 , 11584/420785 , 11567/1058113 , 11568/1134048 , 20.500.14017/1b7c0469-23ab-424f-93fe-c76dd468bec6 , 11589/276831 , 11391/1507439 , 11384/139583 , 11585/852552 , 20.500.11769/526762 , 2158/1297782 , 1854/LU-8754178 , 2318/1846120 , 11586/376631 , 11579/134915 , 11571/1477946 , 11563/159050 , 10044/1/91085
An inclusive search is presented for long-lived particles using displaced jets. The search uses a data sample collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2017 and 2018, from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The results of this search are combined with those of a previous search using a data sample collected with the CMS detector in 2016, yielding a total integrated luminosity of 132 fb$^{-1}$. The analysis searches for the distinctive topology of displaced tracks and displaced vertices associated with a dijet system. For a simplified model, where pair-produced long-lived neutral particles decay into quark-antiquark pairs, pair production cross sections larger than 0.07 fb are excluded at 95% confidence level (CL) for long-lived particle masses larger than 500 GeV and mean proper decay lengths between 2 and 250 mm. For a model where the standard model-like Higgs boson decays to two long-lived scalar particles that each decays to a quark-antiquark pair, branching fractions larger than 1% are excluded at 95% CL for mean proper decay lengths between 1 mm and 340 mm. A group of supersymmetric models with pair-produced long-lived gluinos or top squarks decaying into various final-state topologies containing displaced jets is also tested. Gluino masses up to 2500 GeV and top squark masses up to 1600 GeV are excluded at 95% CL for mean proper decay lengths between 3 and 300 mm. The highest lower bounds on mass reach 2600 GeV for long-lived gluinos and 1800 GeV for long-lived top squarks. These are the most stringent limits to date on these models. Physical review / D 104(1), 012015 (1-38) (2021). doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.104.012015 Published by Inst., Melville, NY
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handle: 10831/58276
AbstractThe charge-discharge characteristics and the aging mechanism of PbO2 layers doped with bismuth in contact with sulfuric acid solutions were studied by using combined cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) techniques. For this purpose, thick lead dioxide layers (non-doped and doped with Bi) were electrodeposited on gold substrate from aqueous solutions of Pb(NO3)2 dissolved in nitric acid and they were investigated in sulfuric acid media. Based on the electrochemical and the mass change responses, it is concluded that during the electrodeposition, bismuth influences the structure of the PbO2 formed. Bi(III) also inhibits the oxidation of lead sulfate and affects the reduction kinetics of lead dioxide. During successive cyclization (aging), the presence of bismuth accelerates the hydration of PbO2.
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handle: 10831/82996
AbstractCourts conducting constitutional review do not work as ‘ivory towers’ any longer: they are part of the global dialogue on constitutional ideas and thoughts. This dialogue includes an exchange of experiences with fellow constitutional and apex courts, as well as the close observation of developments in foreign constitutional and legal systems, scholarship, and international trends. The Constitutional Court of Hungary has been an active participant in this dialogue since the Court's establishment in 1989, albeit with varying levels of intensity and goals. Moving beyond the often anecdotal observations in this field, the paper aims to conduct a deep analysis of how the Court uses comparative law in its work (during the preparatory phase and the drafting of final decisions) and examines the factors that may influence the Court's practice in this area. Such a clear overview can assist proponents of the use of comparative reasoning to contravene the increasing amount of criticism of the practice's legitimacy and selectivity.
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handle: 10831/77492
A nemzetközi magánjogban a jogi személy személyes joga konkrét kapcsolóelveken keresztül kijelöli a jogi személy jogállására alkalmazandó jogot. A nemzetközi magánjogban a személyes jog meghatározására két kapcsolóelv alakult ki, amelyek eltérő jogpolitikai megfontolásokat tükröznek: az inkorporációs elv és a tényleges székhely elve. Az Európai Unió jogalkotása nem tartalmaz rendelkezést a jogi személyek személyes jogának meghatározására. Az uniós tagállamok így szabadságot élveznek a kapcsolóelv kiválasztásában, de azok alkalmazása nem eredményezheti a letelepedés szabadságának korlátozását.
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The finite temperature QCD transition for physical quark masses is a crossover. For smaller quark masses a first-order phase transition is expected. Using Symanzik improved gauge and stout improved fermion action for 2+1 flavour staggered QCD we give estimates/bounds for the phase line separating the first-order region from the crossover one. The calculations are carried out on two different lattice spacings. Our conclusion for the critical mass is $m_0 \lesssim 0.07 \cdot m_{phys}$ for $N_T=4$ and $m_0 \lesssim 0.12 \cdot m_{phys}$ for $N_T=6$ lattices. Talk presented at the XXV International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, July 30 - August 4 2007, Regensburg, Germany. 7 pages, 6 figures
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handle: 10831/110718
Abstract The combined use of the stable isotope compositions of speleothem carbonate and inclusion-hosted water presents great potential in paleotemperature reconstructions, due to the various temperature-dependent isotope fractionations detected in cave systems and their environment. This paper evaluates the applicational possibilities of hydrogen and oxygen isotope measurements of inclusion-hosted water and its host calcite, in three different approaches: i) direct determination of calcite-water oxygen isotope fractionation by measuring inclusion water and carbonate compositions, ii) calculation of water oxygen isotope composition from hydrogen isotope data and of temperature from the inferred calcite-water fractionation, and iii) calculation of formation temperature from measured hydrogen isotope data and its temperature dependence in the modern precipitation water. Fluid inclusion oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions as well as calcite oxygen isotope compositions were determined for five speleothem occurrences in Hungary. Although the background processes are not resolved, calculations involving measured calcite and water oxygen isotope compositions yielded unrealistic paleotemperatures, likely because of syn-formation isotope fractionation processes and diagenetic alterations. The hydrogen isotope data may yield realistic temperatures, provided that long-term isotopic composition - temperature relationships are known and the stable hydrogen isotope composition of the precipitation waters in the study area is temperature-controlled. Winter half-year and annual isotope-temperature relationships (δ2H/T gradients) were calculated using multidecadal isotope composition records from the Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP), gridded surface temperatures, and precipitation amounts from the E-OBS 21.0e database. The calculations yielded a paleotemperature record for the last ~250 ka, with average precisions ranging from ±0.6 °C for interglacial to ±2.4 °C for glacial periods. Clumped isotope analyses of cave-hosted flowstones support the inferred formation temperatures based on gradients, while detection of kinetic fractionations by combined hydrogen and oxygen isotope analyses of calcite and inclusion water lead to filtering clumped isotope (Δ47) data and more coherent Δ47-temperature relationships.
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