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contribution à un site web; En dépit d’inquiétudes croissantes face aux conséquences économiques de la pandémie de coronavirus, la crise sanitaire ne semble pas alimenter pour l’heure le soutien aux partis de droite populiste tels que le Rassemblement national de Marine Le Pen en France, la Ligue italienne ou l’AfD en Allemagne. [Premier paragraphe]

contribution à un site web; Several countries in the Western Balkans have responded to the Covid-19 outbreak with draconian measures that entail a further erosion of democracy, writes Natasha Wunsch. She argues the pandemic is shining a spotlight on the impact of geopolitical competition in the Western Balkans, where authoritarian forces are undermining the EU’s democracy promotion efforts.

contribution à un site web; L’épidémie de coronavirus va poser des questions politiques de fond sur l’après-crise. Ces questions se posent sur plusieurs plans. [Premier paragraphe]

contribution à un site web; Quel régime politique est le plus efficace en temps de pandémie ? La comparaison entre « l’Occident démocratique » et « la Chine totalitaire » fait rage depuis le début de la crise sanitaire. Au risque de peser sur les décisions en matière de santé : le retard des démocraties occidentales dans la prise en compte du danger que représentait le Covid-19 peut ainsi être lié à l’incapacité de l’Occident à se penser en semblable de la Chine. Cette façon de penser a un nom : l’orientalisme.

contribution à un site web; Les décisions prises dans l’urgence par les institutions économiques nationales et européennes seront-elles suffisantes pour amortir le choc de la crise économique, conséquence inévitable de la pandémie du Covid-19 ? Analyse par Xavier Ragot, président de l’Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (OFCE), qui évoque aussi la nécessité de repenser, à l'issue de cet épisode tragique, les liens entre économie, société et environnement. [Premier paragraphe]

Medicīna Veselības aprūpe Medicine Health Care Saistībā ar Kovid-19 pandēmiju Multisistēmu iekaisuma sindroms bērniem (MIS-C) ir kļuvusi par jaunu slimību bērnu populācijā. Tiek uzskatīts, ka tā ir SARS-CoV-2 infekcijas imūnmediēta pēcinfekcijas komplikācija, lai gan tieša cēloņsakarība starp abām slimībām vēl nav skaidra. Sindroms izpaužas ar līdzīgu klīnisko ainu kā Kavasaki slimība un toksiskā šoka sindroms, izraisot vairāku orgānu mazspēju. Tas izpaužas 2-6 nedēļas pēc akūtas Covid-19 infekcijas ar drudzi un galvenokārt kuņģa un zarnu trakta, sirds un asinsvadu sistēmas un gļotādas simptomiem. Bieži sastopama hemodinamikas nestabilitāte un šoka attīstība ar vazopresoru terapiju. Iekaisuma marķieri ir vispārēji paaugstināti. Ārstēšana ietver imunomodulējošu un pretiekaisuma terapiju. Lielākajai daļai bērnu nepieciešama intensīva terapija. Tomēr kopējais mirstības līmenis ir zems, un prognoze ir laba. Sindroma ilgtermiņa sekas pašlaik nav zināmas, tāpēc ir nepieciešama regulāra novērošana. Šis jaunais sindroms ir plaši novērots, un visā pasaulē ir publicēti gadījumu apraksti un pētījumi, lai to raksturotu. Es esmu tos pārskatījis, lai aprakstītu sindromu attiecībā uz tā patofizioloģiju, klīnisko izpausmi, laboratorijas un attēlu izmaiņām, ārstēšanas iespējām un iznākumu saskaņā ar pašreizējo zināšanu līmeni. Multisystem inflammatory disease in children (MIS-C) has been emerging as a novel condition in the paediatric population in relation to the Covid-19 pandemic. It is thought to be an immune-mediated post-infectious complication of a SARS-CoV-2 infection, although the direct causality between the two is not yet understood. The syndrome presents with a similar clinical picture as Kawasaki disease and toxic shock syndrome, leading to multi-organ failure. It presents 2 to 6 weeks after an acute Covid-19 infection with fever and predominantly gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and mucocutaneous symptoms. Haemodynamic instability and development of shock with vasopressor treatment is common. Inflammatory markers are universally increased. Treatment includes immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory therapy. With most children requiring intensive care treatment. Nonetheless, the overall mortality rate is low, and the prognosis good. Long-term sequelae of the syndrome is unknown at this point in time, warranting a regular follow-up. This new syndrome has been extensively observed and case reports and studies have been published across the globe, to characterise it. I have reviewed these, to describe the syndrome regarding its pathophysiology, clinical presentation, laboratory and imaging changes, treatment options and outcome, according to the current state of knowledge.

An extended brief overviewing a bread swath of responses from higher educational institutions worldwide, to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic changed the world, and its spread left drastic consequences for everyday life and business both in the world and in the Republic of Croatia. Given such a situation, we are forced to change established habits and behavior, adapt and survive. This applies to all of us, but especially to entrepreneurs, who were brought to the position of closing their companies overnight, and transferring part of their activities to the virtual world in order to ensure at least some income, necessary for the company's survival. With the digitization of business, numerous destination management companies have developed their web shops, e-commerce, while conducting meetings and certain events online. In order to maintain their business, numerous destination management companies were encouraged to create a personalized product. Examples are Booking.com and Expedia, which increased their investments in technology and data platforms, while on the other hand, they were forced to reduce the number of employees in order to maintain their operations. The purpose of this work is to present the operations of destination management companies during the Covid-19 pandemic, the interpretation of the measures and restrictions they have taken. Pojava pandemije COVID-19 promijenila je svijet, a njezino širenje ostavilo je drastične posljedice na svakodnevni život i poslovanje kako u svijetu tako i u Republici Hrvatskoj. S obzirom na takvu situaciju, prisiljeni smo promijeniti ustaljene navike i ponašanje, prilagoditi se i preživjeti. Ovo se odnosi na sve nas, ali posebno na poduzetnike, koji su preko noći dovedeni u poziciju zatvaranja firmi, te prebacivanja dijela djelatnosti u virtualni svijet kako bi osigurali barem neki prihod, potreban za opstanak firme. Digitalizacijom poslovanja brojne destinacijske menadžment kompanije razvile su svoje web shopove, e-commerce dok su sastanke i određene događaje vodile online putem. Kako bi održali svoje poslovanje brojne destinacijske menadžment kompanije bile su potaknute kreiranju presonaliziroanog proizvoda. Sami primjer su nam Booking.com i Expedia koji su povećali svoja ulaganja u tehnološke i podatkovne platforme dok su s druge strane bile primorane smanjiti broj zaposlenih kako bi održali poslovanje. Svrha je ovoga rada je prikaz poslovanja destinacijskih menadžment kompanija za vrijeme pandemije Covid-19, tumačenje primjenjenih mjera i restrikcija koje su poduzele.

Background: Our March 2021 edition of this review showed thoracic imaging computed tomography (CT) to be sensitive and moderately specific in diagnosing COVID-19 pneumonia. This new edition is an update of the review. Objectives: Our objectives were to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of thoracic imaging in people with suspected COVID-19; assess the rate of positive imaging in people who had an initial reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) negative result and a positive RT-PCR result on follow-up; and evaluate the accuracy of thoracic imaging for screening COVID-19 in asymptomatic individuals. The secondary objective was to assess threshold effects of index test positivity on accuracy. Search methods: We searched the COVID-19 Living Evidence Database from the University of Bern, the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register, The Stephen B. Thacker CDC Library, and repositories of COVID-19 publications through to 17 February 2021. We did not apply any language restrictions. Selection criteria: We included diagnostic accuracy studies of all designs, except for case-control, that recruited participants of any age group suspected to have COVID-19. Studies had to assess chest CT, chest X-ray, or ultrasound of the lungs for the diagnosis of COVID-19, use a reference standard that included RT-PCR, and report estimates of test accuracy or provide data from which we could compute estimates. We excluded studies that used imaging as part of the reference standard and studies that excluded participants with normal index test results. Data collection and analysis: The review authors independently and in duplicate screened articles, extracted data and assessed risk of bias and applicability concerns using QUADAS-2. We presented sensitivity and specificity per study on paired forest plots, and summarized pooled estimates in tables. We used a bivariate meta-analysis model where appropriate. Main results: We included 98 studies in this review. Of these, 94 were included for evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of thoracic imaging in the evaluation of people with suspected COVID-19. Eight studies were included for assessing the rate of positive imaging in individuals with initial RT-PCR negative results and positive RT-PCR results on follow-up, and 10 studies were included for evaluating the accuracy of thoracic imaging for imagining asymptomatic individuals. For all 98 included studies, risk of bias was high or unclear in 52 (53%) studies with respect to participant selection, in 64 (65%) studies with respect to reference standard, in 46 (47%) studies with respect to index test, and in 48 (49%) studies with respect to flow and timing. Concerns about the applicability of the evidence to: participants were high or unclear in eight (8%) studies; index test were high or unclear in seven (7%) studies; and reference standard were high or unclear in seven (7%) studies. Imaging in people with suspected COVID-19. We included 94 studies. Eighty-seven studies evaluated one imaging modality, and seven studies evaluated two imaging modalities. All studies used RT-PCR alone or in combination with other criteria (for example, clinical signs and symptoms, positive contacts) as the reference standard for the diagnosis of COVID-19. For chest CT (69 studies, 28285 participants, 14,342 (51%) cases), sensitivities ranged from 45% to 100%, and specificities from 10% to 99%. The pooled sensitivity of chest CT was 86.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 83.6 to 89.6), and pooled specificity was 78.3% (95% CI 73.7 to 82.3). Definition for index test positivity was a source of heterogeneity for sensitivity, but not specificity. Reference standard was not a source of heterogeneity. For chest X-ray (17 studies, 8529 participants, 5303 (62%) cases), the sensitivity ranged from 44% to 94% and specificity from 24 to 93%. The pooled sensitivity of chest X-ray was 73.1% (95% CI 64. to -80.5), and pooled specificity was 73.3% (95% CI 61.9 to 82.2). Definition for index test positivity was not found to be a source of heterogeneity. Definition for index test positivity and reference standard were not found to be sources of heterogeneity. For ultrasound of the lungs (15 studies, 2410 participants, 1158 (48%) cases), the sensitivity ranged from 73% to 94% and the specificity ranged from 21% to 98%. The pooled sensitivity of ultrasound was 88.9% (95% CI 84.9 to 92.0), and the pooled specificity was 72.2% (95% CI 58.8 to 82.5). Definition for index test positivity and reference standard were not found to be sources of heterogeneity. Indirect comparisons of modalities evaluated across all 94 studies indicated that chest CT and ultrasound gave higher sensitivity estimates than X-ray (P = 0.0003 and P = 0.001, respectively). Chest CT and ultrasound gave similar sensitivities (P=0.42). All modalities had similar specificities (CT versus X-ray P = 0.36; CT versus ultrasound P = 0.32; X-ray versus ultrasound P = 0.89). Imaging in PCR-negative people who subsequently became positive. For rate of positive imaging in individuals with initial RT-PCR negative results, we included 8 studies (7 CT, 1 ultrasound) with a total of 198 participants suspected of having COVID-19, all of whom had a final diagnosis of COVID-19. Most studies (7/8) evaluated CT. Of 177 participants with initially negative RT-PCR who had positive RT-PCR results on follow-up testing, 75.8% (95% CI 45.3 to 92.2) had positive CT findings. Imaging in asymptomatic PCR-positive people. For imaging asymptomatic individuals, we included 10 studies (7 CT, 1 X-ray, 2 ultrasound) with a total of 3548 asymptomatic participants, of whom 364 (10%) had a final diagnosis of COVID-19. For chest CT (7 studies, 3134 participants, 315 (10%) cases), the pooled sensitivity was 55.7% (95% CI 35.4 to 74.3) and the pooled specificity was 91.1% (95% CI 82.6 to 95.7). Authors' conclusions: Chest CT and ultrasound of the lungs are sensitive and moderately specific in diagnosing COVID-19. Chest X-ray is moderately sensitive and moderately specific in diagnosing COVID-19. Thus, chest CT and ultrasound may have more utility for ruling out COVID-19 than for differentiating SARS-CoV-2 infection from other causes of respiratory illness. The uncertainty resulting from high or unclear risk of bias and the heterogeneity of included studies limit our ability to confidently draw conclusions based on our results.

ImagineThe internet stops workingelectricity is cutthe many screens which connect you to the world turn blackyou no longer have access to your bank accountor functioning credits cardsthe walls behind which you retreated fade awayand you find yourself under the open skynow you are like menothing but a “dangerous body” on the streetwhat can you do now?what must you do now?out in the open where an invisible virus lurks?you roamroam the city forfoodinformationand means to protect those you love