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The present work aims at setting the bases for the critical study of settlement patterns and resource management among Holocene hunteregatherer and agro-pastoral groups in arid margins. The case study is set on the SWmargin of the Thar Desert, in N Gujarat, an ecotone sensitive to the slightest shifts in precipitation patterns (Indian Summer Monsoon). The potential significance of published and newly acquired archaeological information is discussed in the light of physiographical data collected from satellite imagery and field exploration. The review of available and newly acquired records includes: (a) The integration of field and remote observation of regional traits and (b) The definition of active morphological processes that may bias archaeological preservation and visibility. A synthetic geoarchaeological map of the study area is proposed that integrates physiographical and archaeological evidence at the regional scale. The potential significance of the archaeological evidence in the region (i.e. presence/absence/concentration of archaeological materials in different physiographical units) is discussed in terms of preservation and visibility. At this stage, results are considered at the regional level of macroscopic units. The results constitute the first step towards the full multi-scalar integration of landscape architectures, stratified archaeological sites and surface sediments at regional and local levels This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN: I+D HAR2010-16052 and CONSOLIDER-Ingenio 2010-00034), the Spanish Ministry of Culture (Excavaciones Arqueológicas al Exterior) and the MS University of Baroda (India). AB was funded via JAEDoc program and FC by JAEPreDoc program (Spanish National Research Council and European Social Found), BR was funded by MICINN (SB2009-060). CL is a member of AGRIWESTMED Project. Archaeological data derive from research carried out at Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda (MSBU Baroda), the Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN Kyoto) and the Institució Milà i Fontanals (IMF-CSIC Barcelona). Access to Landsat, ASTER images and DEMs was granted by NASA-USGS servers (Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center – LP DAAC – United States Geological Survey – USGS – Earth Resources Observation and Science Center - EROS) (lpdaac.usgs.gov). Access to GoogleEarthPro was granted via the GoogleEarth Outreach Program (earth.google.com/outreach) Peer reviewed

Abstract. In the last years many efforts have been invested in the cultural heritage digitization: surveying, modelling, diagnostic analysis and historic data collection. Nowadays, this effort is finalized in many cases towards the Historical Building Information Modelling. The number of informative models testifying the multifaceted richness and unicity of the architectural heritage and its components is progressively increasing. Information and Model are generally acquired under researches and analysis phases addressed to the preservation and restoration process. Unfortunately, once concluded the research such documentation is mostly left abandoned in the drawers or in the local memory of the computers, and in some cases totally missed. Just a few of them are saved in a server or in the cloud for the duration of the restoration, but without any connection with the maintenance process of historic architectures or knowledge transfer purposes and dissemination. This data loss would lead to the breaking of the cycle of past, present and future, with loss of memory and knowledge. The paper start facing the aspect of managing the information and models acquired on the case of vaulted systems. Information is collected within a semantic based hub platform to perform cross co-relation at a PanEuropean level. Such functionality allows to reconstruct the rich history of the construction techniques and skilled workers across Europe, enriched by 3 case studies surveyed in Prague region. To this purpose a Vault DB has been undertaken with a Vocabulary enriched by the granular information gained from the HBIM models, and with the vault sub-typologies highlighted by a detailed surveying.

This article considers the sources of long-term economic growth for Turkey over the period 1880–2005. The period in question covers the decline and eventual dissolution of the former Ottoman Empire and the emergence of the new Turkish Republic in 1923. Hence, the article provides a unique look at the growth experience of these two different political and economic regimes. The article examines in detail the evolution of factors that led to growth in output across broad periods, including the post-World War II period and the era of globalization beginning in the 1980s. It also considers output growth in the agricultural and non-agricultural sectors separately and allows for the effects of sectoral re-allocation. The lessons from this exercise have important implications for Turkey's future economic performance, for its ability to converge to per capita income levels of developed countries, and for the viability of its current bid for European Union membership.

Abstract. The recovery phase of an earthquake-affected settlement is a time-consuming and complex process that requires monitoring, which is now possible using UAS. The purpose of this paper is to present the methodology followed and the results obtained by the exploitation of UAS for rapid multitemporal 3D mapping during the recovery phase of Vrisa traditional settlement, Lesvos island, Greece, which was highly damaged by the earthquake (Mw=6.3) on 12th June 2017. More analytically, three (3) flight campaigns covering the period July 2017 – May 2020 took place by means of an UAS for collecting high-resolution images on: i) 19th May 2019, ii) 29th September 2019, iii) 17th May 2020. Structure from Motion (SfM) and Multi Stereo View (MSV) methods have been applied and produced: i) Digital Surface Models – DSMs, ii) 3D Point Clouds – 3DPC and iii) Orthophoto-maps, of Vrisa. In parallel, GIS capabilities has been exploit to calculate building volumes based on: a) DSM produced by UAS image processing, b) DEM produced by 233 RTK measurements and c) building footprints derived by the digitization of the orthophoto-map of 25th July 2017. The methodology developed and implemented achieves extremely reliable results in a relatively easy, fast and economically feasible way, which is confirmed with great precision by field work. By applying the above-described methodology, it was possible to monitoring the recovery phase during July 2017 and May 2020 which 302/340 buildings that had been severely damaged by the earthquake have been demolished. A small number of new buildings have also been rebuilded and small number of buildings that have just begun excavations for their construction. An important parameter for obtaining reliable data and comparable results is the correct selection of flight parameters and their maintenance at all times when it is decided to take data, without affecting the accuracy of the results from taking photos or videos. Automation in the future of the proposed methodology can significantly accelerate the achievement of reliable results without the intermediate interpretation of orthophoto-maps.

In this study, we explore the constitution of user representations of robots in design practice. Using the results of ethnographic research in two robot laboratories, we show how user representations emerge in and are entangled with design activities. Our study speaks to the growing popularity of and investment in robotics, robots and other forms of artificial intelligence. Scholars in Science and Technology Studies (STS) have shown that it is often difficult for designers and engineers to develop accurate ideas about potential users of such technologies. However, the social context of robots and design settings themselves have received significantly less attention. Based on our laboratory ethnographies, we argue that the practices in which engineers are engaged are important as they can shape the kind of user images designers create. To capture these dynamics, we propose two new concepts: ‘image-evoking activities’ as well as ‘user image landscape’. Our findings provide pertinent input for researchers, designers and policy-makers, as they raise questions with regards to contemporary fears of robots replacing humans, for the effectiveness of user involvement and participatory design, and for user studies in STS. If design activities co-constitute the user images that engineers develop, a greater awareness is needed specifically of the locales in which the design of robots and other types of technologies takes place.

This paper presents a new method for the isolation of displacement from atmospheric fringes. This novel approach is based on complex correlation of interferograms. Compared to other methods, this method has the advantage of requiring only a few interferograms (two at least). Its main limitation is the hypothesis of temporally varying atmospheric conditions between acquisitions (not the same heterogeneities on different interferograms). In the city of Paris, this method reveals 2 subsiding zones. Both have the same location as an important underground working site, which took place from 1995 to 1997. The existence of subsidence in the area was known previously from ground truth data. Their spatial extent can now be mapped by interferometry, and the temporal evolution of the subsidence is also examined here.

We live in an accelerated future, as the futurologists have been saying. In fact, the temporalityinstituted by the pandemic anticipates many changes that were already underway, such as theinstitutionalization of homework, online education, the even greater relevance of sustainabilityin its broadest sense and the social demand for companies and brands to be more sociallyresponsible. Other changes, that have been embryonic up to now, become more evident, suchas the strengthening of values of solidarity and empathy, the transformation of individualpractices into collective actions – staying at home and using mask are also used as a practice of collective respect, concern to others –, in addition to questioning the economic modelsthemselves, such as the proposal of shifting shareholder capitalism, focusing exclusively onfinancial and short-term, into another dynamic that takes into account all stakeholders,accelerating the criticisms of the society model based on hyperconsumption.Within these profound transformations, new professions, new ways of life, new ways ofteaching and learning are being established. Valuing experiences, reinforcing ways of life thatcontribute to a more just and solidary society, will become even more relevant in a pandemicand post-pandemic world. At a time when empathy is so valued, reestablishing the most basicforms of relationship between people becomes indeclinable, highlighting collective attitudesthat dignify the subject, understanding his life story. Renegotiating new collective and groupactions becomes primordial, which includes new ways of learning, teaching and coexisting.That is what education needs right now. A perspective of respect for the subject's path, for lifenarratives, not only transporting the teaching-learning process into digital platforms, which isnot exactly new.In this moment of subverted daily lives, of digitized spaces, of “visible” inequalities, ofdisconnected connectivity, it is necessary to develop a process of trust that gives meaning tothe “new” relationships between teacher, student, teaching (as a substance to be apprehendedand learned) and technologies. Trying to adjust to the time, making sense of the senselessmoment. Losing the fear of interacting, trusting the other as a partner in the process ofreciprocal construction of knowledge when faced with remote, virtual classes, in “supervisibility”discussion spaces, initiatives that may even be experienced as a normal life practice,for some, but certainly arousing much concern for others.The objective of this article is to briefly understand and analyze the challenges faced byeducation in Brazil in this current pandemic moment and, at the same time, to proposemethodological paths that can address such challenges regarding to the technological issuesthat education, in digital environments, creates and establishes both for teachers and students– and, eventually, for their families –, in the face of regarding social, cultural and educationalinequalities, which this present time has been intensifying, as well as facing an inevitable newscenario for technological university education, which will need to be rewritten in the postpandemiccontext.As it is observed today, and as it will possibly be observed in the near future, not everyone cantravel to higher education centers and, in this way, it is also proposed, in this work, to thinkabout a methodology based on use of Digital Information and Communication Technologies(DICT) in university technological education, which is commonly excluded from more consistent discussions in relation to the teaching-learning process, although considering theincorporation of technologies within a more humanistic, sensitive and welcoming view.Sometimes, the geographical hierarchy ends up centralizing what should be decentralized,such as democratizing access to quality education for all. In this aspect, and in confronting thesocial injustices demarcated, also by the territoriality, it is that a “look broadly”, a “learncollectively”, can impact in more solidary and respectful attitudes, with broad, unrestricted andinclusive participation.This new form of interaction, teacher-student-technology, moves towards a minimallyconsistent methodological proposal to face the challenges of the current moment of universitytechnological education. Thus, the dialogue was established between the Pedagogy ofAutonomy, by the educator Paulo Freire, defender of a pedagogy founded on ethics, respect,dignity and autonomy of the student, and the interaction regimes - and even of regimes ofsense - from Eric Landowski's sociosemiotics, trying to understand the new teaching practicesthat are being established sometimes in the mediated presence of teacher and student,sometimes in their virtualized presences, in an asynchronous way, in a path that, at thismoment, is set as necessary.Therefore, it will be sought, in a brief way, to associate the elementary forms of educationalpractices, from the perspective of socio-semiotics, from Landowski's interactional regimes, toFreire's criticality of curiosity. In other words, a knowledge produced in action, a "blooming" inthe interaction, which puts in relationship the naive curiosity with criticism to a knowledge, toan "awakening", to a passion to know, transforming this knowledge, as Freire says, into anepistemological curiosity, in a related knowledge that motivates a broader understanding ofreality. Know the own space, reflect on it and provoke changes through out a systematizedknowledge, with constant debates, valuing the individual and his path, in line with the teachingcontents.In these new mediated and virtualized interactions, in which different types of distances areobserved between people, inclusion, in the broad sense of the term, becomes fundamentaland should generate a space for social well-being, motivating practices that foster more humaneducational actions in the face of all digital transformation, with an irresistibility to the valuesof cooperation, tolerance and mutual respect; welcoming actions, therefore.Thus, it is necessary to promote social inclusion actions for the transformation and respect forthe community at this unique moment. The OFE Institute was created in this direction, objectingto offer high quality education, to be a reference in university technological professional education, based on innovation, social justice, sustainable, participatory and ethicalmanagement, in order to promote local and regional development by means of a humane,sensitive, welcoming methodology, with certification in stages, and which values the subject'spath based on a hybrid teaching with welcoming. The term OFE, chosen to name the Institute,a word in Yoruba to designate a form of magic that makes a person light, to the point of floatingin the wind and jumping very high, is a way of honoring our African ancestry and language anda way of representing all segments that did not have the same social and educationalopportunities in the development of Brazilian society, with a commitment to take universitytechnological professional education, with quality, to less privileged segments of society, inorder to contribute to the reduction of educational and social dissymmetry.The word OPO, chosen to name the methodology, is a term in Yoruba, which designatesfullness, plurality for all, a way of highlighting the possibility of offering university technologicaleducation for all. As a proposal to combat inequalities, due to the lack of opportunities, it willalso be worked in the perspective of family welcoming, providing the dependents of studentswith the possibility of entering professional courses, associated with craftsmanship andgastronomy practices, available through the ONA core, which in Yoruba means path, road,access. Linked to OFE Institute, this center aims to develop competencies and skills to providefuture generation of income and employability to the family nucleus, with a proposal to alwaysact collectively and in solidarity.

International audience; Mars' polar regions are covered with ice-rich layered deposits that potentially contain a record of climate variations. The sounding radar SHARAD on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter mapped detailed subsurface stratigraphy in the Promethei Lingula region of the south polar plateau, Planum Australe. Radar reflections interpreted as layers are correlated across adjacent orbits and are continuous for up to 150 kilometers along spacecraft orbital tracks. The reflectors are often separated into discrete reflector sequences, and strong echoes are seen as deep as 1 kilometer. In some cases, the sequences are dipping with respect to each other, suggesting an interdepositional period of erosion. In Australe Sulci, layers are exhumed, indicating recent erosion.