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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ridder, Iris;

    Review: Axel Hörstedt. Latin Dissertations and Disputations in the Early Modern Swedish Gymnasium: A Study of a Latin School Tradition c. 1620–c. 1820. Göteborgs universitet (PhD diss.), 2018, 502 pp.

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    Nordic Journal of Educational History
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Nordic Journal of Educational History
    Article
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Nordic Journal of Ed...arrow_drop_down
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      Nordic Journal of Educational History
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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      Nordic Journal of Educational History
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    Authors: Traian Rotariu;

    Abstract The article presents a few of the demographic transformations in Romania in the period after the fall of the communist regime in 1989, when the new social circumstances, along with legal changes, had an undeniable effect on the manifestation of the demographic phenomena and thus on the volume and the structure of the population. The present article summarizes and also describes the transformations, with a few attempts at explaining them, without, however, aligning to any major theory that attempts to explain what has happened and to predict what will come next. In order to avoid entrapment within an enclosed discursive universe, there will be references to the situation of other countries, mainly in the geographical area of Romania and, more widely, in the European Union. The demographic phenomena that are analysed individually are fertility and mortality, which have a direct impact on the natural growth of the population. There are only a few suggestions on transnational migration in the section devoted to the changes of the population. Last, but not least, the text is a critical analysis of some of the official demographic statistics put forward by the National Institute of Statistics and even by EUROSTAT – data that is questionable or outright false and risks misleading the reader that is less familiar with the demographic situation of Romania.

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    Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Sociologia
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC ND
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Studia Universitatis...arrow_drop_down
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      Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Sociologia
      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY NC ND
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    Authors: Andrej Kotljarchuk;

    AbstractThousands of Roma were killed in Ukraine by the Nazis and auxiliary police on the spot. There are more than 50,000 Roma in today’s Ukraine, represented by second and third generation decendants of the genocide survivors. The discussion on Roma identity cannot be isolated from the memory of the genocide, which makes the struggle over the past a reflexive landmark that mobilizes the Roma movement. About twenty Roma genocide memorials have been erected in Ukraine during last decade, and in 2016 the national memorial of the Roma genocide was opened in Babi Yar. However, scholars do not have a clear picture of memory narratives and memory practices of the Roma genocide in Ukraine. A comprehensive analysis of the contemporary situation is not possible without an examination of the history and memory of the Roma genocide before 1991.

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    Nationalities Papers
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    Nationalities Papers
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Publikationer från S...arrow_drop_down
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      Nationalities Papers
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      Nationalities Papers
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Vu Quoc Do; Ho Nguyen; Kien Gia To; Hiep Van Hong; +8 Authors

    Étudier la relation entre les chutes, l'activité physique et d'autres facteurs sociodémographiques et visuels chez les patients atteints de cataracte à Ho Chi Minh-Ville, au Vietnam. Une étude transversale a été menée entre avril et novembre 2018. Les patients se présentant dans deux hôpitaux avec une cataracte unilatérale ou bilatérale liée à l'âge, âgés de ≥50 ans, alphabétisés et programmés pour une chirurgie de la cataracte du premier œil ont été recrutés. Le formulaire abrégé International Physical Activity Questionnaires a été utilisé pour mesurer l'activité physique. Le score de déficience visuelle a été auto-déclaré à l'aide du Catquest-9SF. Le nombre de chutes au cours des 12 derniers mois précédant la collecte des données a été autodéclaré. L'acuité visuelle et la sensibilité au contraste ont été mesurées à l'aide de protocoles standard. Au total, 340 patients avaient des données complètes, dont la majorité étaient des femmes (62,4 %), vivant avec un conjoint (66,5 %), avaient un niveau d'éducation de 5e année ou moins (68,2 %) et un revenu mensuel de moyen à élevé (58,5 %). L'âge moyen était de 65,7 ans. Au total, 135 chutes ont été signalées au cours des 12 derniers mois, 27,6 % signalant ≥1 chute et 7,1 % ≥2 chutes. Les personnes ayant des niveaux d'activité physique élevés (taux de prévalence ajusté (aPR) = 2,4, IC à 95 % = 1,2, 4,7) et faibles (aPR = 2,4, IC à 95 % = 1,2, 4,6) présentaient plus de chutes que celles ayant des niveaux modérés. Les femmes (aPR = 1,7, IC à 95 % = 1,04, 2,7) et celles ayant un revenu moyen (aPR = 2,9, IC à 95 % = 1,2, 6,9) étaient plus susceptibles de tomber. Une faible acuité visuelle logMAR binoculaire avec correction habituelle (aPR = 2,3, IC à 95 % = 1,1, 4,6) et de faibles scores de déficience visuelle (aPR = 1,4, IC à 95 % = 1,02, 2,0) ont été associés à des chutes. Les patients ayant un niveau modéré d'activité physique étaient moins susceptibles de tomber que ceux ayant des niveaux faibles ou élevés, bien que cette relation en forme de U doive être étudiée plus avant dans des essais interventionnels prospectifs. Les hommes et ceux ayant un revenu mensuel élevé, une meilleure acuité visuelle et un score de déficience visuelle étaient également moins susceptibles de tomber. Il peut être conseillé aux patients atteints de cataracte de maintenir un niveau modéré d'activité physique en attendant une intervention chirurgicale. Les stratégies de prévention des chutes peuvent également donner la priorité à la chirurgie de la cataracte pour les femmes et les personnes à faible revenu. Para investigar la relación entre las caídas, la actividad física y otros factores sociodemográficos y visuales entre los pacientes con cataratas en la ciudad de Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam, se realizó un estudio transversal entre abril y noviembre de 2018. Se reclutaron pacientes que se presentaron en dos hospitales con cataratas unilaterales o bilaterales relacionadas con la edad, ≥50 años, alfabetizados y programados para una cirugía de cataratas en el primer ojo. Se utilizó el formulario corto Cuestionarios Internacionales de Actividad Física para medir la actividad física. La puntuación de discapacidad visual se autoinformó utilizando el Catquest-9SF. El número de caídas en los últimos 12 meses antes de la recopilación de datos se autoinformó. La agudeza visual y la sensibilidad al contraste se midieron utilizando protocolos estándar. Un total de 340 pacientes tenían datos completos, la mayoría de los cuales eran mujeres (62.4%), vivían con un cónyuge (66.5%), tenían un nivel de educación de Grado 5 o inferior (68.2%) y un ingreso mensual de medio a alto (58.5%). La edad media era de 65,7 años. Se informó un total de 135 caídas en los últimos 12 meses, con un 27,6% que informó ≥1 caída y un 7,1% ≥2 caídas. Las personas con niveles de actividad física altos (cociente de prevalencia ajustado (aPR) = 2,4, IC del 95% = 1,2, 4,7) y bajos (aPR = 2,4, IC del 95% = 1,2, 4,6) tuvieron más caídas en comparación con aquellas con niveles moderados. Las mujeres (aPR = 1.7, IC 95% = 1.04, 2.7) y aquellas con ingresos medios (aPR = 2.9, IC 95% = 1.2, 6.9) tenían más probabilidades de caer. La mala agudeza visual logMAR binocular con corrección habitual (aPR = 2,3, IC del 95% = 1,1, 4,6) y las malas puntuaciones de discapacidad visual (aPR = 1,4, IC del 95% = 1,02, 2,0) se asociaron con caídas. Los pacientes con un nivel moderado de actividad física tenían menos probabilidades de caer en comparación con aquellos con niveles bajos o altos, aunque esta relación en forma de U debe investigarse más a fondo en ensayos de intervención prospectivos. Los hombres y aquellos con altos ingresos mensuales, mejor agudeza visual y puntuación de discapacidad visual también tenían menos probabilidades de caer. Se puede aconsejar a los pacientes con cataratas que mantengan un nivel moderado de actividad física mientras esperan la cirugía. Las estrategias para prevenir caídas también pueden dar prioridad a la cirugía de cataratas para mujeres y personas con ingresos más bajos. To investigate the relationship between falls, physical activity, and other socio-demographic and visual factors among cataract patients in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.A cross-sectional study was conducted between April and November 2018. Patients presenting to two hospitals with age-related unilateral or bilateral cataract, aged ≥50 years, literate, and scheduled for a first-eye cataract surgery were recruited. The International Physical Activity Questionnaires short form was used to measure physical activity. Visual disability score was self-reported using the Catquest-9SF. The number of falls in the last 12 months prior to data collection were self-reported. Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity were measured using standard protocols.A total of 340 patients had complete data, the majority of whom were women (62.4%), living with a spouse (66.5%), had an education level of Grade 5 or below (68.2%), and a monthly income from medium to high (58.5%). Average age was 65.7 years. A total of 135 falls were reported in the last 12 months with 27.6% reporting ≥1 fall and 7.1% ≥2 falls. Persons with high (adjusted Prevalence Ratio (aPR) = 2.4, 95%CI = 1.2, 4.7) and low (aPR = 2.4, 95%CI = 1.2, 4.6) physical activity levels had more falls compared to those with moderate levels. Women (aPR = 1.7, 95%CI = 1.04, 2.7) and those with medium income (aPR = 2.9, 95%CI = 1.2, 6.9) were more likely to fall. Poor binocular logMAR visual acuity with habitual correction (aPR = 2.3, 95%CI = 1.1, 4.6) and poor visual disability scores (aPR = 1.4, 95%CI = 1.02, 2.0) were associated with falling.Patients with a moderate level of physical activity were less likely to fall compared to those with low or high levels although this U-shape relationship needs to be further investigated in prospective interventional trials. Men and those with high monthly income, better visual acuity and visual disability score were also less likely to fall. Cataract patients might be advised to maintain a moderate level of physical activity while waiting for surgery. Strategies to prevent falls may also prioritise cataract surgery for women and those with lower income. للتحقيق في العلاقة بين السقوط والنشاط البدني والعوامل الاجتماعية والديموغرافية والبصرية الأخرى بين مرضى إعتام عدسة العين في مدينة هوشي منه، فيتنام. أجريت دراسة مقطعية بين أبريل ونوفمبر 2018. تم تعيين المرضى الذين قدموا إلى مستشفيين مصابين بإعتام عدسة العين الأحادي أو الثنائي المرتبط بالعمر، والذين تتراوح أعمارهم بين ≥50 عامًا، ومثقفين، ومن المقرر إجراء جراحة إعتام عدسة العين للعين الأولى. تم استخدام النموذج المختصر لاستبيانات النشاط البدني الدولية لقياس النشاط البدني. تم الإبلاغ عن درجة الإعاقة البصرية ذاتيًا باستخدام Catquest -9SF. تم الإبلاغ عن عدد حالات السقوط في آخر 12 شهرًا قبل جمع البيانات ذاتيًا. تم قياس حدة البصر وحساسية التباين باستخدام البروتوكولات القياسية. كان لدى ما مجموعه 340 مريضًا بيانات كاملة، معظمهم من النساء (62.4 ٪)، ويعيشون مع زوج (66.5 ٪)، وكان لديهم مستوى تعليمي من الصف الخامس أو أقل (68.2 ٪)، ودخل شهري من المتوسط إلى العالي (58.5 ٪). وكان متوسط العمر 65.7 سنة. تم الإبلاغ عن ما مجموعه 135 هبوطًا في الأشهر الـ 12 الماضية، حيث أبلغ 27.6 ٪ عن هبوط أكبر من أو يساوي1 و 7.1 ٪ هبوط أكبر من أو يساوي2. الأشخاص الذين يعانون من ارتفاع (نسبة الانتشار المعدلة (aPR) = 2.4، 95 ٪CI = 1.2، 4.7) ومنخفضة (aPR = 2.4، 95 ٪CI = 1.2، 4.6) مستويات النشاط البدني كان أكثر انخفاضًا مقارنة مع أولئك الذين لديهم مستويات معتدلة. كانت النساء (aPR = 1.7، 95 ٪CI = 1.04، 2.7) وذوي الدخل المتوسط (aPR = 2.9، 95 ٪CI = 1.2، 6.9) أكثر عرضة للانخفاض. ارتبطت حدة البصر اللوغاريتمية للعينين الضعيفة مع التصحيح المعتاد (aPR = 2.3، 95 ٪CI = 1.1، 4.6) وضعف درجات الإعاقة البصرية (aPR = 1.4، 95 ٪CI = 1.02، 2.0) بالسقوط. كان المرضى الذين لديهم مستوى معتدل من النشاط البدني أقل عرضة للسقوط مقارنة بأولئك الذين لديهم مستويات منخفضة أو عالية على الرغم من أن هذه العلاقة على شكل حرف U تحتاج إلى مزيد من التحقيق في التجارب التدخلية المستقبلية. كما كان الرجال وأولئك الذين لديهم دخل شهري مرتفع، وحدّة بصرية أفضل ودرجة إعاقة بصرية أقل عرضة للسقوط. قد يُنصح مرضى إعتام عدسة العين بالحفاظ على مستوى معتدل من النشاط البدني أثناء انتظار الجراحة. قد تعطي استراتيجيات الوقاية من السقوط الأولوية أيضًا لجراحة إعتام عدسة العين للنساء وذوي الدخل المنخفض.

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    Authors: Evelyn Brakema; Rianne M. J. J. van der Kleij; Charlotte C Poot; Pham Lê An; +14 Authors

    ContexteL' efficacité des programmes de santé peut être compromise lorsque la mise en œuvre ne correspond pas aux croyances et aux comportements locaux. Pour concevoir des stratégies de mise en œuvre contextualisées, nous avons exploré les croyances et les comportements concernant les maladies respiratoires chroniques (MRC) dans divers contextes à faibles ressources. MéthodesCette étude observationnelle à méthodes mixtes a été menée en Afrique (Ouganda), en Asie (Kirghizistan et Vietnam) et en Europe (Grèce rurale et camp de Roms). Nous avons systématiquement cartographié les croyances et les comportements à l'aide de l'outil SETTING. Plusieurs méthodes qualitatives parmi les membres de la communauté, les professionnels de la santé et les informateurs clés sélectionnés à dessein ont été triangulées avec une enquête quantitative auprès d'un groupe représentatif de membres de la communauté et de professionnels de la santé. Nous avons utilisé une analyse thématique et des statistiques descriptives. ConclusionsNous avons inclus des données qualitatives de 340 informateurs (77 entretiens, 45 discussions de groupe, 83 observations des ménages des membres de la communauté et des consultations des professionnels de la santé) et des données quantitatives de 1037 membres de la communauté et 204 professionnels de la santé. Nous avons identifié trois thèmes clés dans tous les contextes ; à savoir : (1) l'identité CRD perçue (les membres de la communauté dans tous les contextes, à l'exception de la Grèce rurale, attribuaient fortement des symptômes respiratoires durables à l'infection, principalement la tuberculose) ; (2) les croyances sur les causes (682 [65·8%] des 1037 membres de la communauté étaient tout à fait d'accord pour dire que le tabagisme provoque des symptômes, ce nombre était de 198 [19·1%] pour la pollution de l'air domestique ; les causes perçues typiques allaient de la sorcellerie [Ouganda] à un déséquilibre chaud et froid [Vietnam]) ; et (3) les normes et les structures sociales (par exemple, de vrais hommes fument [Kirghizistan et Vietnam]). InterprétationLors de la conception de stratégies de mise en œuvre contextualisées pour les interventions liées à la CRD dans ces contextes mondiaux, trois thèmes cohérents devraient être abordés, chacun avec des croyances et des comportements communs et spécifiques au contexte. Les stratégies axées sur le contexte peuvent réduire le risque d'échec de la mise en œuvre, optimisant ainsi l'utilisation des ressources au profit des résultats en matière de santé.FinancementHorizon 2020 de la Commission européenne.TraductionsPour les traductions en grec, russe et vietnamien du résumé, voir la section Documents supplémentaires. AntecedentesLa eficacia de los programas de salud puede verse socavada cuando la implementación no se alinea con las creencias y comportamientos locales. Para diseñar estrategias de implementación basadas en el contexto, exploramos creencias y comportamientos con respecto a las enfermedades respiratorias crónicas (ERC) en diversos entornos de bajos recursos. Métodos Este estudio observacional de métodos mixtos se realizó en África (Uganda), Asia (Kirguistán y Vietnam) y Europa (Grecia rural y un campamento romaní). Mapeamos sistemáticamente creencias y comportamientos utilizando la herramienta SETTING. Múltiples métodos cualitativos entre miembros de la comunidad seleccionados a propósito, profesionales de la salud e informantes clave se triangularon con una encuesta cuantitativa entre un grupo representativo de miembros de la comunidad y profesionales de la salud. Utilizamos análisis temáticos y estadísticas descriptivas. HallazgosIncluimos datos cualitativos de 340 informantes (77 entrevistas, 45 discusiones de grupos focales, 83 observaciones de hogares de miembros de la comunidad y consultas de profesionales de la salud) y datos cuantitativos de 1037 miembros de la comunidad y 204 profesionales de la salud. Identificamos tres temas clave en todos los entornos; a saber, (1) la identidad percibida de la DRC (los miembros de la comunidad en todos los entornos, excepto el griego rural, atribuyeron fuertemente los síntomas respiratorios duraderos a la infección, predominantemente la tuberculosis); (2) las creencias sobre las causas (682 [65.8%] de 1037 miembros de la comunidad estuvieron totalmente de acuerdo en que el tabaquismo causa síntomas, este número fue de 198 [19.1%] para la contaminación del aire doméstico; las causas típicas percibidas iban desde la brujería [Uganda] hasta un desequilibrio frío-caliente [Vietnam]); y (3) las normas y las estructuras sociales (por ejemplo, los hombres reales fuman [Kirguistán y Vietnam]) .InterpretaciónCuando se diseñan estrategias de implementación basadas en el contexto para las intervenciones relacionadas con la DRC en estos entornos globales, se deben abordar tres temas consistentes, cada uno con creencias y comportamientos comunes y específicos del contexto. Las estrategias basadas en el contexto pueden reducir el riesgo de fallas en la implementación, optimizando así el uso de recursos para beneficiar los resultados de salud. Financiación Comisión Europea Horizonte 2020. Traducciones Para las traducciones al griego, ruso y vietnamita del resumen, consulte la sección de Materiales complementarios. BackgroundEffectiveness of health programmes can be undermined when the implementation misaligns with local beliefs and behaviours. To design context-driven implementation strategies, we explored beliefs and behaviours regarding chronic respiratory disease (CRD) in diverse low-resource settings.MethodsThis observational mixed-method study was conducted in Africa (Uganda), Asia (Kyrgyzstan and Vietnam) and Europe (rural Greece and a Roma camp). We systematically mapped beliefs and behaviours using the SETTING-tool. Multiple qualitative methods among purposively selected community members, health-care professionals, and key informants were triangulated with a quantitative survey among a representative group of community members and health-care professionals. We used thematic analysis and descriptive statistics.FindingsWe included qualitative data from 340 informants (77 interviews, 45 focus group discussions, 83 observations of community members' households and health-care professionals' consultations) and quantitative data from 1037 community members and 204 health-care professionals. We identified three key themes across the settings; namely, (1) perceived CRD identity (community members in all settings except the rural Greek strongly attributed long-lasting respiratory symptoms to infection, predominantly tuberculosis); (2) beliefs about causes (682 [65·8%] of 1037 community members strongly agreed that tobacco smoking causes symptoms, this number was 198 [19·1%] for household air pollution; typical perceived causes ranged from witchcraft [Uganda] to a hot–cold disbalance [Vietnam]); and (3) norms and social structures (eg, real men smoke [Kyrgyzstan and Vietnam]).InterpretationWhen designing context-driven implementation strategies for CRD-related interventions across these global settings, three consistent themes should be addressed, each with common and context-specific beliefs and behaviours. Context-driven strategies can reduce the risk of implementation failure, thereby optimising resource use to benefit health outcomes.FundingEuropean Commission Horizon 2020.TranslationsFor the Greek, Russian and Vietnamese translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section. خلفية يمكن تقويض فعالية البرامج الصحية عندما يتعارض التنفيذ مع المعتقدات والسلوكيات المحلية. لتصميم استراتيجيات التنفيذ القائمة على السياق، استكشفنا المعتقدات والسلوكيات المتعلقة بأمراض الجهاز التنفسي المزمنة (CRD) في بيئات متنوعة منخفضة الموارد .الأساليب أجريت هذه الدراسة المختلطة القائمة على الملاحظة في أفريقيا (أوغندا) وآسيا (قيرغيزستان وفيتنام) وأوروبا (ريف اليونان ومخيم للروما). قمنا بتعيين المعتقدات والسلوكيات بشكل منهجي باستخدام أداة الإعداد. تم تثليث الأساليب النوعية المتعددة بين أفراد المجتمع المختارين بشكل هادف، وأخصائيي الرعاية الصحية، والمخبرين الرئيسيين من خلال مسح كمي بين مجموعة تمثيلية من أفراد المجتمع وأخصائيي الرعاية الصحية. استخدمنا التحليل المواضيعي والإحصاءات الوصفية. النتائج قمنا بتضمين بيانات نوعية من 340 مخبرًا (77 مقابلة، 45 مناقشة جماعية مركزة، 83 ملاحظة لأسر أفراد المجتمع ومشاورات أخصائيي الرعاية الصحية) وبيانات كمية من 1037 من أفراد المجتمع و 204 من أخصائيي الرعاية الصحية. حددنا ثلاثة مواضيع رئيسية عبر البيئات ؛ وهي: (1) الهوية المتصورة لـ CRD (أفراد المجتمع في جميع البيئات باستثناء اليونانية الريفية يعزون بقوة أعراض الجهاز التنفسي طويلة الأمد إلى العدوى، في الغالب السل )؛ (2) المعتقدات حول الأسباب (682 [65·8 ٪] من 1037 من أفراد المجتمع وافقوا بشدة على أن تدخين التبغ يسبب الأعراض، وكان هذا العدد 198 [19·1 ٪] لتلوث الهواء المنزلي ؛ تراوحت الأسباب المتصورة النموذجية من السحر [أوغندا] إلى اختلال التوازن البارد الساخن [فيتنام ])؛ و (3) المعايير والهياكل الاجتماعية (على سبيل المثال، يدخن الرجال الحقيقيون [قيرغيزستان وفيتنام]). التفسير عند تصميم استراتيجيات التنفيذ القائمة على السياق للتدخلات المتعلقة بـ CRD عبر هذه البيئات العالمية، يجب معالجة ثلاثة مواضيع متسقة، لكل منها معتقدات وسلوكيات مشتركة ومحددة السياق. يمكن للاستراتيجيات القائمة على السياق أن تقلل من مخاطر فشل التنفيذ، وبالتالي تحسين استخدام الموارد للاستفادة من النتائج الصحية. تمويلأفق المفوضية الأوروبية 2020 .الترجماتللحصول على الترجمات اليونانية والروسية والفيتنامية للملخص، انظر قسم المواد التكميلية.

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      https://doi.org/10.60692/rdc5s...
      Other literature type . 2022
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Evert Van de Vliert; Andrey Shcherbak; Christian Welzel; Christian Welzel; +2 Authors

    The roots and routes of cultural evolution are still a mystery. Here, we aim to lift a corner of that veil by illuminating the deep origins of encultured freedoms, which evolved through centuries-long processes of learning to pursue and transmit values and practices oriented toward autonomous individual choice. Analyzing a multitude of data sources, we unravel for 108 Old World countries a sequence of cultural evolution reaching from (a) ancient climates suitable for dairy farming to (b) lactose tolerance at the eve of the colonial era to (c) resources that empowered people in the early industrial era to (d) encultured freedoms today. Historically, lactose tolerance peaks under two contrasting conditions: cold winters and cool summers with steady rain versus hot summers and warm winters with extensive dry periods (Study 1). However, only the cold/wet variant of these two conditions links lactose tolerance at the eve of the colonial era to empowering resources in early industrial times, and to encultured freedoms today (Study 2). We interpret these findings as a form of gene-culture coevolution within a novel thermo-hydraulic theory of freedoms.

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    Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
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    Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology; PubMed Central
    Article . Other literature type . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
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      Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology; PubMed Central
      Article . Other literature type . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Östholm, Hanna;

    School in the shadow: Private education in Stockholm 1735. During the early eighteenth century, private education was a more significant sector of the educational market than was public education, regarding the number of students and teachers, the presence of female students and teachers, the social background of the students, and the introduction of a more diverse and modern curriculum. Hitherto, little has been known of the actual scope or general conditions of private education, which has been over-shadowed by studies of public education. The article maps private education through the Stockholm Church Consistory’s (Stockholms stads konsistorium) thorough inventory of private teachers in the capital of Sweden during 1734–36, providing information of both suppliers and consumers within the private sector of the educational market, as well as of the practice and functions of private education in early modern time.

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    Nordic Journal of Educational History
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      Nordic Journal of Educational History
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    Authors: Björn Fischer; Björn Fischer; Britt Östlund; Alexander Peine;

    In this study, we explore the constitution of user representations of robots in design practice. Using the results of ethnographic research in two robot laboratories, we show how user representations emerge in and are entangled with design activities. Our study speaks to the growing popularity of and investment in robotics, robots and other forms of artificial intelligence. Scholars in Science and Technology Studies (STS) have shown that it is often difficult for designers and engineers to develop accurate ideas about potential users of such technologies. However, the social context of robots and design settings themselves have received significantly less attention. Based on our laboratory ethnographies, we argue that the practices in which engineers are engaged are important as they can shape the kind of user images designers create. To capture these dynamics, we propose two new concepts: ‘image-evoking activities’ as well as ‘user image landscape’. Our findings provide pertinent input for researchers, designers and policy-makers, as they raise questions with regards to contemporary fears of robots replacing humans, for the effectiveness of user involvement and participatory design, and for user studies in STS. If design activities co-constitute the user images that engineers develop, a greater awareness is needed specifically of the locales in which the design of robots and other types of technologies takes place.

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    Social Studies of Science
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    PubMed Central; Social Studies of Science
    Article . Other literature type . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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      Social Studies of Science
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      PubMed Central; Social Studies of Science
      Article . Other literature type . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Jens O. Zinn; Jens O. Zinn;

    This chapter suggests using linguistic tools to examine the social understanding and management of risk. The approach bases on the assumption that risk language shapes and is shaped by the ways people think about and act on risk. In recent decades linguists developed a growing body of tools which facilitates the analysis of increasingly available digitised text data. This chapter introduces quantitative and qualitative tools in tandem to identify large-scale patterns of risk language and their embeddedness in (social) contexts. To illustrate the opportunities of such analysis for social research, the contribution focusses on examples from The Times (London) and examines how risk became pervasive over a long historical time span, in particular during the second half of the twentieth century.

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    Other literature type . Part of book or chapter of book . 2019 . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Springer Nature TDM
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ridder, Iris;

    Review: Axel Hörstedt. Latin Dissertations and Disputations in the Early Modern Swedish Gymnasium: A Study of a Latin School Tradition c. 1620–c. 1820. Göteborgs universitet (PhD diss.), 2018, 502 pp.

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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Nordic Journal of Educational History
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    Nordic Journal of Educational History
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      Nordic Journal of Educational History
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      Nordic Journal of Educational History
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    Authors: Traian Rotariu;

    Abstract The article presents a few of the demographic transformations in Romania in the period after the fall of the communist regime in 1989, when the new social circumstances, along with legal changes, had an undeniable effect on the manifestation of the demographic phenomena and thus on the volume and the structure of the population. The present article summarizes and also describes the transformations, with a few attempts at explaining them, without, however, aligning to any major theory that attempts to explain what has happened and to predict what will come next. In order to avoid entrapment within an enclosed discursive universe, there will be references to the situation of other countries, mainly in the geographical area of Romania and, more widely, in the European Union. The demographic phenomena that are analysed individually are fertility and mortality, which have a direct impact on the natural growth of the population. There are only a few suggestions on transnational migration in the section devoted to the changes of the population. Last, but not least, the text is a critical analysis of some of the official demographic statistics put forward by the National Institute of Statistics and even by EUROSTAT – data that is questionable or outright false and risks misleading the reader that is less familiar with the demographic situation of Romania.

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    Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Sociologia
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC ND
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Studia Universitatis...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Sociologia
      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY NC ND
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