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The court cannot preclude the ECB and other national central banks from doing it, and the only country to suffer if the Bundesbank stopped participating would be Germany, writes Matthias Weber

Universitäten sind teure öffentliche Einrichtungen der Bildung und Forschung. Die ihnen zur Verfügung gestellten öffentlichen Mittel bleiben hinter dem wachsenden Bedarf infolge steigender Studierendenzahlen, wachsenden Lehr- und Forschungsaufwands sowie einer anspruchsvoller werdenden administrativen Infrastruktur zurück. Die Aufsichtsbehörden verlangen von den Universitäten zunehmend die teilweise Selbstfinanzierung. Dementsprechend nimmt deren Abhängigkeit von privaten Drittmitteln spürbar zu. Spätestens die Diskussion über das mit 100 Millionen Schweizer Franken vonseiten der UBS gegründete "UBS International Center of Economics in Society" an der Universität Zürich hat aufgezeigt, wie dringend klare und glaubwürdige Normen definiert werden müssen, die sicherstellen, dass finanzielle Zuwendungen nicht zur Aushöhlung der Wissenschaftsfreiheit führen. Skizziert werden zwei idealtypische, sich polar gegenüberstehende Universitätsmodelle. In ihrem Licht wird kurz die realtypische Universitätspolitik charakterisiert und auf dieser Basis ein Kriterienkatalog für vertretbare Formen des Universitätssponsoring entworfen.

The demand for more transparency is heard in all aspects of society, but what lies behind this term? For Emmanuel Alloa it carries an inherent paradox of being a codeless code of sorts.

[http://www.srf.ch/player/radio/echo-der-zeit/audio/der-insieme-effekt-lehren-aus-dem-debakel?id=3b8723d6-f70f-4005-9eb2-f54d2badcbd9 Link zum Beitrag]

Well-designed eurobonds would lower financing costs for many euro area countries while hardly or not increasing the costs for the others. These bonds should have an explicit guarantee from the ECB. The bonds could be used up to a limit of GDP (a low number of 10-25% of GDP would allow to observe market reactions before deciding whether to expand). Their introduction would increase the costs on regular German 10-year bonds by at most 10 to 30 basis points.

In allen Bereichen der Gesellschaft werden gegenwärtig Forderungen nach mehr Transparenz laut. Was steht hinter diesem Wort? Für Emmanuel Alloa wohnt der Transparenzforderung die Paradoxie inne, ein "codefreier Code" sein zu wollen.

In 2009, The Economist noted that "Atlas felt a sense of déjà vu": in the wake of the economic crisis and the market interventions by the US government, the novels by Ayn Rand (1905-1982) experienced an actual renaissance and would keep making news thanks to the Tea Party movement as well as due to high-profile US politicians like Paul Ryan, who had to explain the extent of Rand's influence on them. Once again, Americans discussed the appeal of novels like The Fountainhead (1943) and Atlas Shrugged (1957), and how a Russian immigrant could become "the ultimate gateway drug to life on the right," as historian Jennifer Burns put it. While most people are aware of Rand's political impact, her legacy in American culture-low and high brow-is less frequently commented on, even though it is the one arena in which she has been a constant source of inspiration. From Mary Gaitskill's novel Two Girls, Fat and Thin to the "Ayn Rand School for Tots" featured in The Simpsons, Rand's work and persona have been satirized, ridiculed, celebrated, and perpetuated in different forms and contexts. Her presence is, however, most markedly felt in one particular form of "low brow art," namely in the superhero comic book genre, as I discuss in a recent article.