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Mutual fund families increasingly hold bonds and stocks from the same firm. We study the implications of such dual holdings for corporate governance and firm decision-making. We present evidence that dual ownership allows financially distressed firms to increase investments and to refinance by issuing bonds with lower yields and fewer restrictive covenants. As such, dual ownership reduces shareholder-creditor conflicts, especially when families encourage cooperation among their managers. Overall, our results suggest that mutual fund families internalize the shareholder-creditor agency conflicts of their portfolio companies, highlighting the positive governance externalities of intra-family cooperation.

Per Magnus Wijkman was the first foreign observer to urge Iceland in print to regulate its fisheries by price. This was in 1975, nine years before the Icelandic fishing quota system came into effect, a system judged discriminatory and unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of Iceland in 1998 (but not in 2000!) as well as by the United Nations Committee on Human Rights in 2007, principally because the advice given by Wijkman and others was not heeded. This paper discusses the human rights aspects of natural resources management in view of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights which stipulates the inalienable rights of nations to the rents from their natural resources.

Gender roles of Syrian women started to shift in 2011, in light of the Syrian conflict. This shift was a response to the difficult situations which Syrian women faced inside Syria as well as in the neighboring countries to which they fled in the attempt to find safer living conditions. However, the uncertain situation and the precarious working and living conditions in Syria and the neighboring countries forced many Syrian women and families to flee to Europe, with the highest number to Germany, facing the challenge of a new culture and new social norms. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate if and how the gender roles of Syrian women who fled to Berlin, Germany, have shifted. Using semi-structured interviews conducted in the period July - December 2016, the study illustrates the challenges and opportunities they face, both as women and as refugees, and in how far these affect their gender roles.

This working document presents the results of the most significant cephalopods caught on the Porcupine Spanish Groundfish Survey (SP-PORC-Q3) in 2020. Biomass, abundance, geographical distribution and length frequencies were analysed for Eledone cirrhosa (horned octopus), Bathypolypus sponsalis (globose octopus), Todarodes sagittatus (European flying squid), Todaropsis eblanae (lesser flying squid), Loligo forbesi (veined squid), Illex coindetii (broadtail shortfin squid), Rossia macrosoma (stout bobtail squid) and other scarce cephalopods. The biomass and abundance of the most common cephalopods increased, especially I. coindetii and T. sagitattus. In contrast, T. eblanae and B. sponsalis decreased in this last survey. E. cirrhosa and L. forbesi remained at very similar values to the previous year and most of the usually scarce species also generally increased their biomass, with the exception of A. lichtensteinii, R. minor and S. oweniana, which decreased.

An accurate forecast for inflation is mandatory in the conduct of monetary policy in every monetary framework. This research puts a first effort to accurately model and consequently forecast monthly inflation for the economy of Suriname. This paper employs various econometric techniques such as Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average models, Vector Autoregressive models, Factor Augmented Vector Autoregressive models, Bayesian Vector Autoregressive models and Vector Error Correction models to model monthly inflation for Suriname over the period 2004 to 2018. Consequently, the in-sample forecast performance of the models is evaluated by comparison of the Root Mean Square Error and the Mean Average Errors. Since Suriname encountered a high-inflation period, we split up the sample in two periods, i.e. including and excluding this high-inflation episode. In this evaluation, not surprisingly, the Root Mean Square Errors of the models was considerably lower in the sample excluding the high inflation episode. Consequently, we also conducted an out-of-sample forecasting exercise. The VECM yields the best results forecasting up to three months ahead, while thereafter, the FAVAR, which includes more economic information, outperforms the VECM, based on the assessment of the out-of-sample forecast performance of the models. The authors are staff members of the Research Department of the Central Bank of Suriname. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Bank. Research papers constitute work in progress and are published to elicit comments and to further debate

The world of digital data is full of unknown data, with are not FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable). This modern species of dragons on a (digital) map of the internet as sign for unknown and dangerous areas, the unknown digital data dragons, have to be resolved by digital techniques. We could use the Semantic Web and all of its ideas for this challenge. This paper focuses on data dragons in the humanities domain, especially in archaeology and proposes ideas to overcome the data dragons to achieve FAIR LOUD in archaeology!

Abstract Policymakers in crisis countries often hesitate to enter IMF programs out of the fear that they trigger adverse reactions on financial markets. We explain why credit ratings and investor assessments are reliable measures of creditworthiness during crises, and examine how IMF programs affect them with three distinct identification strategies. The first strategy exploits the differential effect of changes in IMF liquidity on loan allocation as an instrument, the second uses the exact timing of program agreements, and the third provides text-based evidence from rating agency statements. When accounting for endogenous selection, we find that IMF programs help countries regain their creditworthiness. Even though IMF programs tend to result in economic contractions, the agreement on a program is perceived as a positive signal on financial markets. Our text-based analysis supports this signaling effect and suggests that the content of programs matters for how they are perceived.

2nd International Conference on Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences (ICANAS) -- APR 18-21, 2017 -- Antalya, TURKEY Kunt, Mehmet/0000-0002-8730-5370 WOS: 000461184700011 In this paper, we establish an identity for n-times differentiable functions via Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals. By using this new identity, we have some new results about trapezoid type inequalities for n-times differentiable convex functions via Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals. The results, given here extended the results given the previous works. Agri Ibrahim Cecen Univ, IC Fdn