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Data set from the publication "Delikoura, E.; Kouis, D. Open Research Data and Open Peer Review: Perceptions of a Medical and Health Sciences Community in Greece. Publications 2021, 9, 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/publications9020014" Questionnaire results: Results_final_Questionaire_Zenodo.xlsx Publication info: AnonymizedPublicationHistoryV2.xlsx

Improved household accessibility to credit is a significant determinant of intra‐household allocation of labor resources with important implications for productivity, income, and poverty status. However, credit accessibility could also have wider impacts on poverty if it leads to new hires outside the household. This paper contributes to the existing literature on microcredit in two important ways. First, it investigates the routes through which microcredit reaches those in poverty outside the household. We test whether by lending to the vulnerable non‐poor microcredit can indirectly benefit poor laborers through increased employment. Second, we conduct the study in the context of urban poverty Mexico. This is relevant when considering that labor often represents the only source of livelihoods to the extreme urban poor. Our findings point to significant trickle‐down effects of microcredit that benefit poor laborers; however, these effects are only observed after loan‐supported enterprising households achieve earnings well above the poverty line.

The “United Nations (UN) 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development” is calling on businesses to apply their creativity and innovation initiatives to tackle sustainable development challenges. In this respect, this study intends to propose a sustainability model for business use. The proposed model will facilitate businesses in selecting the appropriate Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicators, highlight potential sustainability “gaps” and emphasize the related best practices. For the development of the sustainability model, we used some basic economic principles (e.g., cost minimization, risk theory, etc.), a sustainability survey and a statistical study based on EU data. As a result, a quantitative model for the sustainable development assessment of organizations to formulate appropriate decision-making policies is proposed. The model was tested in a real-world context as a case study that was carried out at the Greek Atomic Energy Commission.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the efficiency and productivity of a Greek bank's branches.Design/methodology/approachThe sample consists of 458 branches of a Greek commercial bank, operating in 13 regions of Greece over the period 2002‐2005, a total of 1,795 observations. Data envelopment analysis was used to explore the efficiency and productivity of the branches. Then, fixed and random effects models were used to determine the impact of internal and external factors on the efficiency and productivity scores.FindingsThe results indicate that the branches in the sample could have achieved improved overall performance during 2002‐2005. Also, that the inclusion of loan loss provisions as an input variable increases the efficiency score, but for the total factor productivity (TFP) change, the results are mixed. The second stage regressions indicate that both the logarithm of personnel and the logarithm of income per capita in the local market have a significant impact on efficiency, while the loans to total assets ratio has a significant impact on pure technical efficiency only. When the various productivity change measures were regressed over the explanatory variables, it was found that the logarithm of per capita gross fixed capital formation has a positive and statistically significant impact on all measures. Also, that the return on assets, the loans to deposit ratio, the logarithm of personnel, and the logarithm of income of per capita, all have a positive and statistically significant impact on overall efficiency change.Originality/valueThis paper is the first study on Greek branches which examines the impact of market conditions. It examines the impact of risk‐taking on the efficiency of the branches and examines the productivity growth of the branch network using the Malmquist TFP index.

Objective. Anxious major depressive disorder (A‐MDD) is differentially diagnosed from nonanxious MDD (NA‐MDD) as MDD with a cut‐off score ≥7 on the HAM‐D anxiety‐somatization factor (ASF). We investigated whether additional HAM‐D items discriminate A‐MDD from NA‐MDD. Moreover, we tested the validity of ASF criterion against HAM‐A, gold standard of anxiety severity assessment. Methods. 164 consecutive female middle‐aged inpatients, diagnosed as A‐MDD (n = 92) or NA‐MDD (n = 72) by the normative HAM‐A score for moderate‐to‐severe anxiety (≥25), were compared regarding 17‐item HAM‐D scores. The validity of ASF ≥7 criterion was assessed by receiver‐operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. Results. We found medium and large effect size differences between A‐MDD and NA‐MDD patients in only four out of the six ASF items, as well as in three further HAM‐D items, namely, those of agitation, middle insomnia, and delayed insomnia. Furthermore, the ASF cut‐off score ≥9 provided the optimal trade‐off between sensitivity and specificity for the differential diagnosis between A‐MDD and NA‐MDD. Conclusion. Additional HAM‐D items, beyond those of ASF, discriminate A‐MDD from NA‐MDD. The ASF ≥7 criterion inflates false positives. A cut‐off point ≥9 provides the best trade‐off between sensitivity and specificity of the ASF criterion, at least in female middle‐aged inpatients.

This paper investigates the performance of trading strategies identified through computational intelligence techniques. We focus on trading rules derived by genetic programming, as well as, generalized moving average rules optimized through differential evolution. The performance of these rules is investigated using recently proposed risk-adjusted evaluation measures and statistical testing is carried out through simulation. Overall, the moving average rules proved to be more robust, but genetic programming seems more promising in terms of generating higher profits and detecting novel patterns in the data.

We construct a theoretical model to explain profligate electoral fiscal behaviour and to provide a tool, namely the estimated elasticity of intertemporal substitution, for the fiscal authorities to detect and timely constrain such behaviour to promote fiscal prudence. The key is to obtain data on the incumbent party preferred sequence of public consumption levels over time. The model frames this case using a CES utility function and provides one possible mechanism to explain why there are so many examples in the empirical literature that find insignificant electoral biases in fiscal variables.

In recent years, particularly in the European Union, it is believed that the reduction of labor costs will contribute to the competitiveness and adaptability of enterprises and thus to maintain existing and create new jobs. Since the early 1990s, Greece following the guidelines of the European Union, gradually pushed a series of legislative changes relating to payments, working time, etc. aiming to promote flexible working. This paper examines the relationship of flexible working, employment and unemployment in the Greek labor market. More specifically, we study the evolution of flexible forms of employment during the period 2000-2013 and examine whether these changes had an impact on the overall scale of employment and unemployment. The main conclusion of the study supports findings of other researches that the significant increase in flexible working, particularly after 2009, failed to increase employment and reduce unemployment in the Greek labor market.