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La Historia ha sido una de las palabras de “intersección”, o mejor aún, el concepto cardinal alrededor del cual se ha cristalizado lo creíble, durante los dos últimos siglos. ¿Qué se designa hoy al pronunciar la palabra Historia? ¿De cuál creencia se trata? Es menester, ante todo, desprenderse por completo de una acepción del nombre que, incluso si ya no tiene eficacia alguna en el mundo actual, merodea aún en lo ordinario de la disciplina. Acepción promovida e impuesta por Europa: la del concepto moderno de historia, que al ser responsable del progreso de los pueblos, se engalanaba con una H mayúscula. Cabe preguntarse, entonces, si ese viejo nombre de historia puede volver a tener alguna utilidad para designar una manera nueva de articular esas tres categorías del pasado, presente y futuro, que los humanos siempre han requerido para ordenar su vida en común. History has been one of the words of “intersection,” or better yet, the cardinal concept around which the credible has crystalized over the past two centuries. What does the word History mean today? What belief does it entail? It is necessary, first of all, to free oneself completely from accepting a meaning for the word which, even if it is no longer effective in the present world, still lurks in the shadows throughout most of the discipline. It is the meaning that has been promoted and imposed by Europe: the modern concept of history, which in being responsible for the progress of the peoples of the world, embellished itself with a capital H. It is thus worthwhile asking whether the old name of history can once again prove somehow useful for designating a new way of articulating the three categories of past, present and future that human beings have always required to organize their common life. A História tem sido uma das palavras de “interseção”, ou melhor ainda, o conceito cardinal ao redor do qual se tem cristalizado o acreditável, durante os dois últimos séculos. O que se designa hoje ao se pronunciar a palavra História? De qual crença se trata? É necessário, acima de tudo, desprender-se por completo de uma acepção do nome que, inclusive se já não tem eficácia alguma no mundo atual, vagueia ainda no ordinário da disciplina. Acepção promovida e imposta pela Europa: a do conceito moderno de história, que ao ser responsável pelo progresso dos povos, ostentava-se com um H maiúsculo. Cabe perguntar-se, então, se esse velho nome de história pode voltar a ter alguma utilidade para designar uma maneira nova de articular essas três categorias do passado, presente e futuro, que os humanos sempre requereram para ordenar sua vida em comum.

This paper studies the imaginary food in ancient Greek tragedy including satyric drama. Sophocles’ fragment (Radt 167) “Live, drink, eat” expresses a common belief that food is both a vital biological function and one of the simple pleasures of life. But food has also an important social function and, on the stage, bread and wine are associated with the concept of equality, which was an important value in Athenian democracy. Finally, food had a religious dimension due to the rituals observed at banquets and sacrifices as well as due to the assimilation between Demeter and bread, but also Dionysos and wine.

Togi Bogi's one of the caves which located up to the hill around 75 metres from the surface of the sea. There was also an archaeological remains such as artefact and ecofact inside it, that had the same characteristics which was found in Togi Ndrawa’s cave. From the excavation, it’s found mollusk and other lithics that described the culture of the megalithic’s area. The result of the dating analysis using radiocarbon method on the mollusk and cinder indicated the activities at Togi bogi's cave, Nias was about on 4960 ± 130 BP untill 950 ±110 BP

The development of new technologies and the information society has accelerated changes in everyday life and modern teaching. Information and communication technologies (ICT) better motivate students to learn. In order to better preserve historical sources, they are digitized and thus protected, hence researchers can access the source faster and at a less cost. The possibilities of using the Internet in teaching are vast. It is necessary for schools to have computers, as well as for teachers and students to be motivated to use new electronic sources. Many websites have original historical material, from written and printed sources to audio-visual ones. We can call all this material digital resources (materials, sources, electronic historical sources). Teachers need to create engaging and imaginative teaching materials. However, a critical approach and caution in working with materials from the internet is essential. It is the teacher's responsibility to recommend verified sites and documents. Much of the material on the Internet has been posted with the conscious intention of spreading inaccurate data. The possibilities of ICT are great in history studies, as well. It is possible to modernize teaching at all levels of studies, but the financial capabilities of schools do not allow the possibility of keeping up with those innovations. One of the web portals that can be used for teaching purposes with its digitized content is Europeana. It is a database of the cultural and historical heritage of Europe, through which it is possible to search the digitized material of institutions. The Europeana portal is a broad project that provides free access to tens of millions of digital units. One of the most important collections within this portal is dedicated to the First World War and is called Europeana 1914-1918.

La Inquisición Española instauró en el s.XVI un modelo sistemático de censura que se mantuvo en vigor hasta su desaparición, buscando imponer una ideología dominante en función de sus propios intereses. La Biblioteca Histórica de la Universidad de Valencia conserva un total de ocho incunables que fueron sometidos a expurgo por diversos motivos y en distintas épocas. Este conjunto de obras supone una buena muestra de la actividad censora llevada a cabo por la Inquisición, que contribuyó a crear una memoria negativa, perjudicando tanto a autores e impresores como a los propios lectores. The Spanish Inquisition established a systematic pattern of censorship in the sixteenth century; it maintained a force of purging until its demise seeking to impose a dominant ideology in terms of its own interests. The Historical Library of the University of Valencia keeps eight incunabula which were expurgated for various reasons and at different times. These books are a good example of the censorship activity carried out by the Inquisition, which helped to create a negative memory, harming authors, printers and readers themselves.

In archaeological research, the collection, storage, query and analysis of data is conducted with the help of the Geographical Information System (GIS) in order to acquire the most accurate information about the area. Spatial analyses made with the help of GIS in ancient cities contribute to revealing the social, cultural and survival features of these cities. The aim of this study is to examine the rationale for spatial site selection in Knidos ancient city, which is in the Turkish province of Muğla and which has different city planning with its geographical features. For this reason, firstly, a digital elevation model that reveals the topography of the city was constituted. Then, the database design and spatial analyses (slope, aspect and visibility) were conducted in line with the aim of the study in ArcGIS 10.2 Software. The site selection rationale for structures was evaluated through spatial analyses (slope, aspect and visibility) in Knidos ancient city. Site selection rationales of the historical structures have been ascertained related to the preferred planning form of the period (grille planning), the geography of the city, the functions given to the historical structures, the visibility of structures, the ports which were as a focal point of the city, the ideological point of view and the reflection power of the ruler's.

The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of social distance on people during COVID-19 pandemic using twitter sentiment analysis through a comparison between the k-means clustering and Mini-Batch k-means clustering approaches. To find the most common frequent words, two datasets have been investigated (WHO and Bahrain ministry of health datasets) to be as data preparation and exploration. Another two datasets (English and Arabic datasets) are used in the clustering of k-means. In this paper, a comparison between k-means and Mini-Batch k-means is performed to find a pattern. The word frequency shows that there are several words related to the pandemic. The sentiment analysis result show that in USA, Australia, Nigeria, Canada, and England, most tweets are neutral. However, the majority of tweets are positive tweets from both Italy and India. In addition, the k-means cluster in the English dataset reveals several cluster trends where COVID-19 pandemic procedures are addressed in cluster 1, and health workers are encouraged in cluster 3.

The article provides information on the 1927 trip of medical researcher Alan Gregg to the Soviet Union to study public health and medical education in Russia.