• Publicationsclose
• English close
• EPOS close

This report concerns Deliverable D1.1 EPOS IP Management Plan. The report describes the whole EPOS implementation phase consisting of the legal establishment of the EPOS-ERIC and of the TCS- ICS service implementation through the EPOS IP project. In particular, the report focuses on the description of the EPOS IP project concept and organization and on the management structure foreseen in the Grant Agreement and discussed with the EPOS IP partnership during the kick-off meeting. Indeed, this report describes the structure and the procedures adopted to guarantee the effective management of the EPOS IP project, the risks assessment and the strategies adopted to deal with ethics issues. The EPOS IP Management Plan is one of the three key documents describing the project organization and planning. The other two are the EPOS IP Communication Plan (D2.1 released at M6) and the TCS-ICS Implementation Plan (various deliverables released from M12).

The Sentinel-1 constellation of the Copernicus Program already represents a big revolution within the Earth Observation (EO) scenario. This result is mainly due to the capability of this constellation to acquire huge volumes of SAR data all over the globe, with a wide spatial coverage, a short revisit time (12 or 6 days in the case of one or two operating satellites, respectively), and a free and open access data policy. In particular, the availability of such a large amount of SAR data acquired through the TOPS mode, characterized by a short "orbital tube" (with a 200m nominal diameter) and a specific design for ensuring differential SAR interferometry (DInSAR) applications, has opened the possibility to investigate Earth surface deformation phenomena at unprecedented spatial scale and with a high temporal rate. Among several advanced DInSAR algorithms, a widely used approach is the Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) technique, which has already proven its effectiveness to investigate surface displacements with centimeter- to millimeter-level accuracy in different scenarios. Moreover, a parallel algorithmic solution for the SBAS approach, referred to as Parallel Small BAseline Subset (P-SBAS), has been recently developed. This approach permits to generate, in an automatic and unsupervised way, advanced DInSAR products by taking full benefit from parallel computing architectures, such as cluster, grid and, above all, cloud computing infrastructures. In this work we present the results of a DInSAR experiment, based on the P-SBAS approach, carried out at the European scale. In particular, we exploited the entire available Sentinel-1 dataset collected through the TOPS acquisition mode between March 2015 and September 2018 from descending orbits over large part of Europe. Moreover, the overall analysis wasbcarried out by using the Copernicus Data and Information Access Services (DIAS) and, in particular, those provided by the ONDA DIAS platform, which was selected through a public tender. This activity, carried out as stress test of the EPOSAR service included in the Satellite Data Thematic Core Service of the EPOS infrastructure, permitted to investigate the DIAS capacity to operationally serve systematic and automatic DInSAR processing services, such as the one based on the P-SBAS approach. Our experiment was successfully completed, allowing the retrieval of the deformation time-series of the overall investigated area with the final products having the main characteristics summarized in the following: Exploited Sentinel-1 data: ~72.000 Covered Area: ~4.500.000 km2 Coherent (multilook) SAR pixels: ~120.000.000 Final products pixel dimension: ~80 m Time elapsed: ~6 months The presented discussion will highlight the main pros and cons of the exploited solution for such wide area DInSAR experiment. Moreover, the analysis of the achieved results will also show the high quality of the retrieved DInSAR results, that can be of interest for the Solid Earth scientific community, and the potentially positive impact of the presented solution for what concerns the future development of the European Ground Motion Service.This work is supported by: the 2019-2021 IREA-CNR and Italian Civil Protection Department agreement; the H2020 EPOS-SP project (GA 871121); the I-AMICA (PONa3_00363) project; and the IREA-CNR/DGSUNMIG agreement.

During the last decades, the availability of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite missions, such as the ERS-1/2 and ENVISAT ones operating at C-band who have worked since 1992 to 2011, as well as the X-band COSMOSkyMed and TerraSAR-X constellations, up to the brand new Sentinel-1 mission, have strongly contributed to SAR data diffusion and popularity in the generation of different studies at different scales and in different research fields. One of the most popular SAR technique is the one referred to as Differential SAR Interferometry (DInSAR), which allows measuring with centimeter accuracy the Earth's surface deformation entity related to both natural and man-made hazards. Nowadays, with the increasing of SAR data availability provided by Sentinel-1 constellation of Copernicus European Program, which is composed by two twin satellites operating in C-band since 2014 and 2016, with a repeat pass of 6 days and with a global (i.e. worldwide) data acquisition policy, the SAR EO scenario is becoming more and more operational, thus mainly providing support for natural hazards monitoring. This allows, in theory, and disposing of sufficient computing power, the EO community to monitor, for instance, the deformation of every volcano or to obtain co-seismic displacement maps in a short time frame and anywhere in the world. Accordingly, in this work, we present a fully automatic and fast processing service for the generation of co-seismic displacement maps by using Sentinel-1 data. The implemented system is completely unsupervised and is triggered by the all significant (i.e. larger than a defined magnitude) seismic event registered by the online catalog as those provided by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology of Italy (INGV). The service has been specifically designed to operate for Civil Protection purposes. The generated DInSAR measurements are made available to the geoscience community through the EPOS Research Infrastructure and they will contribute to the creation of a global database of co-seismic displacement maps. Finally, it is worth noting that the developed system relies on widely common IT methods and protocols and is not specifically tied to a defined computing architecture, thus implying its portability, in view also of the European Commission Data and Information Access Services (DIAS) where satellite data (mainly Sentinel) and processing facilities are co-located to reduce the data transfer time during their processing.

EPOS – the European Plate Observing System – is the ESFRI infrastructure serving the need of the solid Earth science community at large. The EPOS mission is to create a single sustainable, and distributed infrastructure that integrates the diverse European Research Infrastructures for solid Earth science under a common framework. Thematic Core Services (TCS) and Integrated Core Services (Central Hub, ICS-C and Distributed, ICS-D) are key elements, together with NRIs (National Research Infrastructures), in the EPOS architecture. Following the preparatory phase, EPOS has initiated formal steps to adopt an ERIC legal framework (European Research Infrastructure Consortium). The statutory seat of EPOS will be in Rome, Italy, while the ICS-C will be jointly operated by France, UK and Denmark. The TCS planned so far cover: seismology, near-fault observatories, GNSS data and products, volcano observations, satellite data, geomagnetic observations, anthropogenic hazards, geological information modelling, multiscale laboratories and geo-energy test beds for low carbon energy. In the ERIC process, EPOS and all its services must achieve sustainability from a legal, governance, financial, and technical point of view, as well as full harmonization with national infrastructure roadmaps. As EPOS is a distributed infrastructure, the TCSs have to be linked to the future EPOS ERIC from legal and governance perspectives. For this purpose the TCSs have started to organize themselves as consortia and negotiate agreements to define the roles of the different actors in the consortium as well as their commitment to contribute to the EPOS activities. The link to the EPOS ERIC shall be made by service agreements of dedicated Service Providers. A common EPOS data policy has also been developed, based on the general principles of Open Access and paying careful attention to licensing issues, quality control, and intellectual property rights, which shall apply to the data, data products, software and services (DDSS) accessible through EPOS. From a financial standpoint, EPOS elaborated common guidelines for all institutions providing services, and selected a costing model and funding approach which foresees a mixed support of the services via national contributions and ERIC membership fees. In the EPOS multi-disciplinary environment, harmonization and integration are required at different levels and with a variety of different stakeholders; to this purpose, a Service Coordination Board (SCB) and technical Harmonization Groups (HGs) were established to develop the EPOS metadata standards with the EPOS Integrated Central Services, and to harmonize data and product standards with other projects at European and international level, including e.g. ENVRI+, EUDAT and EarthCube (US). Geophysical Research Abstracts, 19 ISSN:1607-7962 ISSN:1029-7006

The critical zone (CZ) represents the most-shallow subsurface, where the bio-, hydro-, and geospheres interact with anthropogenic activity. To characterize the thickness and lateral variations of the CZ, here we focus on the Eastern Betic Shear Zone (EBSZ), one of the most tectonically active regions in the Iberian Peninsula. Within the EBSZ, the Guadalentín Depression is a highly populated area with intensive agricultural activity, where the characterization of the CZ would provide valuable assets for land use management and seismic hazard assessments. To achieve this, we have conducted an interdisciplinary geophysical study along the eastern border of the Guadalentín Depression to characterize the CZ and the architecture of the shallow subsurface. The datasets used include Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), first-arrival travel time seismic tomography, and multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW). The geophysical datasets combined help to constrain the high-resolution structure of the subsurface and image active fault systems along four transects. The resulting geophysical models have allowed us to interpret the first ~150 m of the subsurface and has revealed: (i) the variable thickness of the CZ; (ii) the CZ relationship between the fault zone and topographic slope; and (iii) the differences in CZ thickness associated with the geological units. Our results provide a method for studying the shallow subsurface of active faults, complementing previous geological models based on paleo-seismological trenches, and can be used to improve the CZ assessment of tectonically active regions. The geophysical data used in this study consisted of two datasets, namely electrical resistivity data and seismic data. Resistivity data were obtained from the Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) method, while seismic data (Vp and Vs) were obtained from the multi-channel analysis of surface waves (MASW) and P-wave travel time tomography. The resistivity and seismic data used in this study were acquired within the INTER GEO research project, which was funded by the Spanish national research program. Funding: J.A. is funded by grant IJC2018-036074-I and by MCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033. I.P. is funded by the Spanish Government and the Universidad de Salamanca (Beatriz Galindo grant BEGAL 18/00090). This project was funded by Grant 2017SGR1022 (GREG) from the Generalitat de Catalunya (AGAUR); EU (H2020) 871121 (EPOS-SP); and EIT-RawMaterias 17024 from the European Institute of Technology (EIT) (SIT4ME). Horizon 2020 Framework Programme 871121, EIT-RawMaterias 17024 Universidad de Salamanca 2017SGR1022, BEGAL 18/00090 Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca European Institute of Technology SIT4ME Spanish national research program Agencia Estatal de Investigación Generalitat de Catalunya European Commission MCIN

We present an unsupervised and automatic system for volcano deformation monitoring via the Copernicus Sentinel-1 data. The system relies on the Parallel Small BAseline Subset (P-SBAS) approach, permitting us to generate updated displacement time series at every new Sentinel-1 acquisition over a selected area of interest in a fast and accurate way. The service is currently operative to monitor the main active Italian volcanoes in the framework of cooperation with the Italian Department of Civil Protection. The system is potentially extendable to every area on the Earth, thus making it suitable for surface displacement monitoring of a large variety of phenomena. Finally, the obtained results are made available to the scientific community through the EPOS Research Infrastructure.

International audience; In the framework of EPOS (EPOS - European Plate Observing System) project implementation phase, an analysis center is hosted in France at Université Grenoble Alpes – CNRS.Within the work package WP10, GNSS data and product, UGA-CNRS is responsible for providing products (position time series and velocity field) generated by a processing using double difference method (via GAMIT/GLOBK software). For this purpose, we developed strategies to take up the up-scaling challenge and generate from a big data set the usual GNSS products. For computational efficiency, the massive data set was split into sub-networks and the GAMIT software launched for each sub-network independently, following the same approach than the one presented in the framework of the PBO project.The informatics resources at our disposal are composed of a management tool for batch processing on computing environments (CiGri) and an open source data management software (IRODS), installed on the high performance computer available at UGA (CIMENT). Concerning the velocity field computation, we used MIDAS software. A few different tests were performed in order to check the reliability of our solution and to determine the best way to proceed.We also take advantage of the human and computational resources available in order to include in our solution some no-EPOS stations and generate:- An exhaustive solution in France, including stations from Rénag, RGP and Orpheon. Such dense solution was never performed before using DD method. - A solution in Greece including data from the SMARTNET network.Our solution includes more than 1500 stations constituting a widespread pan-European network, over an 18-years time span [2000-2017].; Dans le cadre de la phase de mise en œuvre du projet EPOS (EPOS - European Plate Observing System), un centre d'analyse est hébergé en France à l'Université Grenoble Alpes - CNRS.Dans le cadre du work package WP10, données GNSS et produit, UGA-CNRS est responsable de la fourniture des produits (séries temporelles de position et champ de vitesse) générés par un traitement utilisant la méthode des doubles différences (via le logiciel GAMIT/GLOBK). Pour ce faire, nous avons développé des stratégies pour relever le défi de la mise à l'échelle et générer à partir d'un grand ensemble de données les produits GNSS habituels. Par souci d'efficacité informatique, l'énorme ensemble de données a été divisé en sous-réseaux et le logiciel GAMIT a été lancé indépendamment pour chaque sous-réseau, suivant la même approche que celle présentée dans le cadre du projet PBO.Les moyens informatiques à notre disposition sont composés d'un outil de gestion des traitements batch sur environnements informatiques (CiGri) et d'un logiciel de gestion de données open source (IRODS), installés sur l'ordinateur haute performance disponible chez UGA (CIMENT). En ce qui concerne le calcul du champ de vitesse, nous avons utilisé le logiciel MIDAS. Quelques tests différents ont été effectués afin de vérifier la fiabilité de notre solution et de déterminer la meilleure façon de procéder.Nous profitons également des ressources humaines et informatiques disponibles afin d'inclure dans notre solution des stations sans EPOS et de générer :- Une solution exhaustive en France, incluant les stations de Rénag, RGP et Orphéon. Une telle solution dense n'a jamais été réalisée avant l'utilisation de la méthode DD. - Une solution en Grèce incluant les données du réseau SMARTNET.Notre solution comprend plus de 1500 stations constituant un réseau paneuropéen étendu, sur une période de 18 ans (2000-2017).

International audience; In the framework of the implementation phase of the European Plate Observing System (EPOS) project, a pan-European processing center is hosted in Université Grenoble Alpes – CNRS, France. The prototype solution spans the 2005-2015 period, and includes more than 500 European cGPS stations. RInEx data and metadata from RING, NOA and Rénag cGPS networks were downloaded from archive centres (GSAC) maintained in France (CNRS-OCA), Greece (NOA) and Italy (INGV). RINEX data from the European Permanent Network (EPN) were downloaded from the EPN ftp server. Data were processed in double difference with the GAMIT/GLOBK software. The network is first split into daily sub-networks (between 8 and 14 sub-networks) using NETSEL tool included in the GAMIT/GLOBK package. The sub-networks consist in about 40 stations, with 2 overlapping stations. For each day and for each sub-network, the GAMIT processing is conducted independently on the high performance computing platform CIMENT hosted at the University of Grenoble Alpes (UGA). A quality check on GAMIT post-fit RMS allows then to identify potential errors, correct them and launch again the processing. Once each sub-network achieves satisfactory results, a daily combination is performed in order to produce SINEX files. The Chi square value associated with the combination allows us to evaluate its quality. This quality check pointed out some necessary sub-networks reorganisation concerning only a few days. Eventually, a multi year combination generates position time series for each station. Each time series is visualized and the jumps associated with material change (antenna or receiver) are estimated and corrected. This procedure allows us to generate daily solutions, position time series and velocity field to be distributed as Level-1 or level-2 EPOS-GNSS products.; Dans le cadre de la phase de mise en œuvre du projet EPOS (European Plate Observing System), un centre de traitement paneuropéen est hébergé à l'Université Grenoble Alpes - CNRS, France. La solution prototype couvre la période 2005-2015 et comprend plus de 500 stations cGPS européennes. Les données et métadonnées RInEx des réseaux RING, NOA et Rénag cGPS ont été téléchargées depuis les centres d'archives (GSAC) maintenus en France (CNRS-OCA), Grèce (NOA) et Italie (INGV). Les données RINEX du Réseau permanent européen (EPN) ont été téléchargées depuis le serveur ftp de l'EPN. Les données ont été traitées en double différence avec le logiciel GAMIT/GLOBK. Le réseau est d'abord divisé en sous-réseaux quotidiens (entre 8 et 14 sous-réseaux) à l'aide de l'outil NETSEL inclus dans le package GAMIT/GLOBK. Les sous-réseaux se composent d'une quarantaine de stations, dont deux se chevauchent. Pour chaque jour et pour chaque sous-réseau, le traitement GAMIT est réalisé indépendamment sur la plate-forme de calcul haute performance CIMENT hébergée à l'Université de Grenoble Alpes (UGA). Un contrôle de qualité sur GAMIT post-fit RMS permet alors d'identifier les erreurs potentielles, de les corriger et de relancer le traitement. Une fois que chaque sous-réseau obtient des résultats satisfaisants, une combinaison quotidienne est effectuée afin de produire des fichiers SINEX. La valeur du chi carré associée à la combinaison nous permet d'évaluer sa qualité. Ce contrôle de qualité a mis en évidence quelques réorganisations de sous-réseaux nécessaires pour quelques jours seulement. Finalement, une combinaison pluriannuelle génère des séries chronologiques de positions pour chaque station. Chaque série temporelle est visualisée et les sauts associés au changement de matériau (antenne ou récepteur) sont estimés et corrigés. Cette procédure nous permet de générer des solutions quotidiennes, des séries chronologiques de position et des champs de vitesse qui seront distribués sous forme de produits EPOS-GNSS de niveau 1 ou 2.