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  • 2020-2024
  • Publications
  • Publikationer från KTH
  • UArctic

  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Nettelbladt, Max; Stojanovski, Kevin;

    This thesis provides insights into the feasibility of managing product requirements in a concept leveraging an object-centric information model. The aim of this concept is to provide efective management of product requirements in the context of rising volume and complexity of requirements. Firstly, benefts and challenges between the current document-centric way of managing requirements and the novel object-centric concept for managing requirements are mapped and presented. Secondly, the organizational prerequisites necessary for adopting the object-centric product requirement applicability concept are explored and insights into how this transition can be facilitated with knowledge management are generated. Thirdly, the accuracy of this novel concept is evaluated in terms of applying the correct requirements onto products and not more nor less. The methods in this thesis are of mixed nature and combine qualitative and quantitative data sets. The quantitative data was collected from the analysis of the requirement applicability concept and the previous tests of the same concept on diferent products at Company X. The analysis of quantitative data for concept accuracy revolved around interpreting the nature of negative- and positive delta values following an automatic application of requirements in the novel object-centric concept. The former of these delta values relates to relevant requirements missing onto products whereas the latter relates to non-relevant requirements being applied following the automatic application. The qualitative data was collected mainly through a comprehensive literature review, semi-structured interviews, a workshop, meetings, Company X documents and observations. The analysis of qualitative data was done via an adaptation of two frameworks: The Multi-Dimensional Framework for Digital Transformation by Hanelt et al, 2021 and The Process of Organizational Knowledge Creation by Nonaka, 1994. These adapted frameworks were leveraged to generate insights into the necessary organizational prerequisites for adopting the object-centric product requirement applicability concept. While benefts and challenges exist between the two diferent ways of managing requirements, these are not weighted and thus no defnitive conclusion on best practice is drawn. Instead these fndings provide organizations a reference point for evaluating each approach in relation to their own circumstances. Some of the prerequisites identifed as critical for adopting an object-centric product requirement applicability model are a digital library of requirement specifcations that are convertible to object-centric data format, and a suitable PLM strategy chosen by the Top Management Teams that is aiding the development of the concept. As for knowledge management in order to transition to the new concept, fndings show that standardized knowledge creation and knowledge exchange is necessary as well as developing centralized knowledge databases. Lastly, the quantitative fndings indicate that the applicability concept is accurate, but that there is a need for additional iterations with model improvements where the negative delta can be eliminated and the positive delta held at an acceptable level. Den här studien ger insikter om genomförbarheten av att hantera produktkrav i ett koncept som utnyttjar en objektcentrerad informationsmodell. Syftet med detta koncept är att tillhandahålla efektiv hantering av produktkrav i samband med att de ökar i volym samt komplexitet. Studien kartlägger först fördelar och utmaningar mellan det nuvarande dokumentcentrerade sättet att hantera krav och det nya objektcentrerade konceptet. Även de organisatoriska förutsättningar som krävs för att införa det objektcentrerade produktkravskonceptet undersöks i samband med hur denna övergång kan underlättas med hjälp av kunskapshantering. Slutligen så utvärderas det objektcentrerade konceptet för kravapplicering beträfande hur exakt konceptet är i att applicera rätt krav på produkter. Metodiken i denna studie kombinerar kvalitativa och kvantitativa datamängder. Den kvantitativa datan samlades in från analys av kravappliceringskonceptet samt de tidigare testerna av konceptet på olika produkter som gjorts av Företag X. Analysen av kvantitativ data för hur exakt konceptet är i att applicera rätt krav kretsar kring att förstå grundorsakerna till de negativa och positiva deltavärden som uppkommit efter en automatisk applicering av krav i det nya objektcentrerade konceptet. Det negativa deltavärdet relaterar till nödvändiga krav som saknas på produkter, medan det positiva deltavärdet avser icke-relevanta krav som har applicerats efter en systemförfrågan och automatisk applicering av krav. Den kvalitativa datan samlades huvudsakligen in genom en omfattande litteraturstudie, semistrukturerade intervjuer, workshops, möten, dokument från Företag X och observationer. Analysen av kvalitativ data gjordes via en anpassning av två vetenskapliga ramverk: The Multi-Dimensional Framework for Digital Transformation av Hanelt et al, 2021 och The Process of Organizational Knowledge Creation av Nonaka, 1994. Dessa anpassade ramverk utnyttjas för att generera insikter i de nödvändiga organisatoriska förutsättningarna som krävs för att införa det objektcentrerade kravappliceringskonceptet i en organisation. Fördelar och utmaningar med de två olika sätten att hantera krav viktades inte i denna studie, därför dras ingen defnitiv slutsats om bästa praxis. Istället ger dessa fynd en referenspunkt till organisationer att utvärdera bästa praxis i förhållande till sina egna omständigheter. Några av förutsättningarna identiferade som kritiska för att tillämpa en objektcentrerad produktkravappliceringsmodell är ett digitalt bibliotek av kravspecifkationer som är konverterbara till objektcentrerat dataformat, samt en PLM-strategi införd av de högsta ledningsgrupperna som hjälper till med stödja det objekcentrerade konceptet för produktkravsapplicering. Vad gäller kunskapshantering för att övergå till det nya konceptet visar resultaten att standardiserad kunskapsskapande och utbyte av kunskap är nödvändigt, samt utvecklingen av centraliserade kunskapsdatabaser. Slutligen indikerar de kvantitativa resultaten att tillämpningskonceptet är noggrant, men att ytterligare iterationer med modellförbättringar behövs där den negativa deltan kan elimineras och där den positiva deltan hålls på en acceptabel nivå.

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    Publikationer från KTH
    Bachelor thesis . 2024
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      Publikationer från KTH
      Bachelor thesis . 2024
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    Authors: Kulbay, Mustafa;

    This report is about a novel approach to attenuation of fan noise in aerial vehicles, by way of implementing a ducted fan in the chassis of a four meter blended wing body plane. Three different one meter PVC pipes were used and their performances as silencers were tested by measuring the sound power level and calculating the insulation loss compared to a fan by itself. The ducts were either empty or lined with acoustic absorbents and micro perforated panels. Experiments were carried out in the reverberation room at KTH Marcus Wallenberg laboratory for sound and vibration research using the guidelines in ISO 3741 (2010). The results showed that the empty duct lead to a 15.3 dB(A) insulation loss with no decrease in thrust from the fan. The absorbent and micro perforated panel, however, lead to a 22.7 dB(A) insulation loss while giving a major decrease in thrust of more than one order of magnitude. The results show the failure of implementation of the latter two silencers due to choking, but also the success of the empty duct. This shows that there is room for improvement and perhaps even a future possibility of a successful implementation in a real vehicle.

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    Authors: Perrin, Jason;

    Efficient coverage of wireless telecommunication networks requires the ability to control the directions in which base station antennas radiate. Conventional phased array in base stations are composed of large numbers of radiating elements. Ideally, each one of the radiating elements should be controlled to precisely steer the beams produced by the array, but this can prove both complex and costly. Instead of feeding each one of them separately, the elements can be grouped into what is called subarrays. In which case, only the input of the subarray is controlled, feeding multiple radiating elements at once uniformly. The complexity is reduced, but so are the overall performance and beam steering capabilities. A subarray can instead be passively controlled with an analog circuit called a Beam Forming Network (BFN), giving more flexibility in the operation of the array. Such beamformer should be compact, cost-effective and introduce as little losses as possible to justify its integration in the complete antenna system. BFNs are built from couplers and phase shifters that can route and combine the input signals to produce the desired output signals. The design of those components is therefore key to obtaining array systems with the desired characteristics and performance. A stripline coupler and a stripline phase shifter are proposed in this work, both are broadband. They can be useful in a variety of applications. In this project, they are used to build a Butler matrix. This BFN is compact and could help reduce complexity in advanced antenna systems with respect to current technology. Effektiv täckning av trådlösa telekommunikationsnätverk kräver förmågan att styra i vilka riktningar basstationsantenner strålar. Konventionell fasad array i basstationer är sammansatta av ett stort antal strålande element. Helst bör vart och ett av de strålande elementen styras för att exakt styra strålarna som produceras av arrayen, men detta kan visa sig vara både komplext och kostsamt. Istället för att mata var och en av dem separat, kan elementen grupperas i vad som kallas subarrayer. I vilket fall kontrolleras endast ingången av subarrayen, vilket matar flera utstrålande element på en gång enhetligt. Komplexiteten minskar, men det är också den övergripande prestandan och strålstyrningskapaciteten. Subarrayer kan istället styras passivt med en analog krets som kallas BFN, vilket ger mer flexibilitet i driften av arrayen. Sådana strålbildare bör vara kompakta, kostnadseffektiva och medföra så små förluster som möjligt för att motivera deras integration i hela antennsystemet. BFNs är byggda av kopplare och fasskiftare som kan dirigera och kombinera ingångssignalerna för att producera de önskade utsignalerna. Utformningen av dessa komponenter är därför nyckeln till att erhålla arraysystem med önskade egenskaper och prestanda. En stripline-kopplare och en stripline-fasskiftare föreslås i detta arbete, båda är bredbandiga. De kan vara användbara i en mängd olika tillämpningar. I det här projektet används de för att bygga en Butler-matris. Denna BFN är kompakt och kan bidra till att minska komplexiteten i avancerade antennsystem med avseende på nuvarande teknik.

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    Publikationer från KTH
    Bachelor thesis . 2022
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      Publikationer från KTH
      Bachelor thesis . 2022
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    Authors: Markendahl, Jan;

    Denna rapport ingår som en del i projektet ”City As Platform” (CaaP) där vi genom att arbeta med ett gemensamt minimiramverk enkelt ska kunna dela på data samt flytta data-drivna tjänster inom en stad samt mellan städer. Rapporten beskriver olika behov, möjliga tjänster, datamodeller och informationsflöden inom området Parkeringstjänster. Arbetet fokuserar på två olika tjänster som ger information om tillgängliga och upptagna parkeringsplatser 1. En tjänst för transportföretag med information om parkeringsplatser för lastning/lossning 2. En tjänst för bilister med information om antalet lediga och/eller upptagna platser i ett område Det praktiska arbetet har skett i en arbetsgrupp där intresserade kommuner bidragit med input, erfarenheter och synpunkter på projektets analys och resultat. Arbetet har innefattat följande olika typer av aktiviteter och resultat som redovisas i denna delrapport: · Behovsanalys: Beskrivning av behov och möjliga tjänster · Beskrivning av informationsflöden · Identifiering och beskrivning av datamodeller · En intervjustudie om delning av data för parkering För båda områdena beskrivs möjliga tjänster och funktioner utifrån olika kommuners behov, detaljerade beskrivningar på behov från tre kommuner återfinns i appendix. När det gäller datamodeller finns för de båda tjänsterna lämpliga kandidater i FIWARE benämnda: ”On StreetParking”, ”OffStreetParking” samt ”Parking spot” . Tjänster inom det andra området baseras på återanvändning av parkeringsdata från P-hus, biljettautomater och mobila betalningslösningar. Data kan komma från kommunens egna system, privata P-hus och P-bolag samt olika leverantörer av betalnings-appar. Härvid är det av största vikt att data från olika källor och leverantörer görs tillgängliga för denna typ av informationstjänst. En intervjustudie visar att det kan olika ut i olika kommuner när det gäller vilka typer av parkeringsområden som ”täcks” av informationstjänster. Resultaten visar på olika grad av täckning och mix av information avseende gatumark, kommunal eller privat tomtmark och P-hus.  This report is one part of the documentation of the Vinnova funder project "City As Platform" (CaaP). In this project, by working with a common minimum framework, we want to achieve that you can easily share data and move data-driven IoT services within a city and between cities. The report describes different needs, possible services, data models and information flows in the area of Parking Services. The work focus on two different services providing information on available and occupied parking spaces 1. A service for transport companies with information about parking spaces for loading/unloading 2. A service for motorists with information on the number of vacancies and/or occupied places in an area For both areas, possible services and functions are described based on the needs of different municipalities, detailed descriptions of needs from three municipalities can be found in the appendix. For data models, FIware has suitable candidates for both types of servioces: "On StreetParking", "OffStreetParking" and "Parking spot" . Services in the second area are based on the reuse of parking data from P-houses, ticket machines and mobile payment solutions. Data can come from the municipality's own systems, private P-houses and P-companies as well as various providers of payment apps. In this respect, it is of the utmost importance that data from different sources and suppliers be made available for this type of information service. A interview study shows that different types of parking areas can be "covered" by information services in different municipalities. The results show different levels of coverage and mix of information regarding parking at streets, municipal or private parking areas. City as a Platform QC 20211029

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    Authors: Stiby Kopp, Mathias;

    Vid användning av Virtual Reality (VR) fanns en stor nackdel; Användare kunde inte utföra fullt rörelseomfång, framför allt förflyttning av olika slag; promenad, löpning, hopp samt sidosteg och gång baklänges. Användare förblev begränsade till utrymmets area och luft-rum. Antingen var användaren tvungen att strukturera om sitt utrymme eller så anpassades själva VR-programmet och dess headset för att kunna tillgodose detta problem på mest optimala sätt. Det har uppstått olika koncept av löpband som är inriktade för VR med syftet att lösa denna begränsning. Däremot var dessa koncept inte tillräckligt effektiva i att översätta normalt rörelsemönster till VR. Syftet med detta projekt var att vidareutveckla de etablerade koncepten med målet att ta reda på om en helt ny koncept-idé kunde fungera optimalt. Resultaten visade på att koncept-idén har potential men fortsatt arbete i en större omfattning skulle vara nödvändigt. When using Virtual Reality (VR) there was a major drawback; Users could not perform full range of motion, especially locomotion of various kinds; walking, running, jumping as well as side steps and walking backwards. Users remained limited to the space's area and airspace. Either the user had to restructure their space or the VR-program itself and its headset were adapted to accommodate this problem in the most optimal way. Various treadmill concepts have emerged that are geared for VR with the aim of solving this limitation. However, these concepts were not effective enough in translating normal movement pattern to VR. The purpose of this project was to further develop the established concepts with the goal of finding out if a completely new concept idea could work optimally. The results showed that the concept idea has potential but continued work on a larger scale would be necessary.

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    Publikationer från KTH
    Bachelor thesis . 2022
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      Publikationer från KTH
      Bachelor thesis . 2022
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    Authors: Jawad, Hadil; Nabatyan, Aren;

    To meet the needs of the growing city of Stockholm, a large-scale project to expand the subway has been initiated. The tunneling involved in the project causes several disturbances, in terms of vibration and noise pollution, on the surroundings. This is problematic as vibration and noise pollution has been shown to have a negative health impact.One of the working tunnels in this project is built in Hammarby Sjöstad. The school Kulturama is situated in close proximity to the tunnel which required partial evacuation due to the disturbances. The relocation of certain activities of the school increased the project costs by several million SEK. In addition, the school resources were focused on planning the evacuation leading to loss of education time as well as inflicting stress on school personnel.This thesis investigates which effective measures could have been implemented instead of relocating school premises. The suggested measures are to increase sound isolation on current windows by the installation of additional glass and thereby increasing the absorption in specific classrooms.The study shows that the proposed measures have noise reducing effects, however these alone may not be enough. Airborne noise can be addressed by these measures, though structure-borne noise would need additional actions and research to achieve adequate noise reduction. I takt med att Stockholms stad växer så har ett storskaligt projekt påbörjats för att bygga ut tunnelbanan. Tunneldrivningen orsakar mycket störningar, i form av vibration och buller, på omgivningen. Detta är problematiskt då buller- och vibrationspåverkan kan ha förödande hälsoeffekter.I samband med projektet “nya tunnelbanan” byggs en arbetstunnel i Hammarby Sjöstad. Skolan Kulturama ligger i nära anslutning till tunneln och behövde evakuera en del av sina lokaler till följd av störningarna från tunneldrivningen. Skolan omplacerades till nya lokaler. Åtgärden kostade projektet flera miljoner kronor och skolpersonal utsattes för stress och förlorade mycket tid på att planera för evakueringen.Detta examensarbete undersöker vilka åtgärder som skulle kunna vara effektiva att tillämpa istället för att flytta skolans lokaler. Föreslagna åtgärder är att öka ljudisolering på befintliga fönster genom installation av tilläggsruta och därmed öka absorptionen i utvalda klassrum.Studien visar att åtgärderna har en ljudreducerande effekt, dock är de inte tillräckligt effektiva. Luftburet buller kan hanteras genom dessa åtgärder, dock kräver stomljudet ytterligare insatser och forskning för att uppnå lämplig ljudreduktion.

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    Authors: Lars Zetterberg; Filip Johnsson; Kenneth Möllersten;

    Negative carbon dioxide (CO2)-emissions are prevalent in most global emissions pathways that meet the Paris temperature targets and are a critical component for reaching net-zero emissions in Year 2050. However, economic incentives supporting commercialization and deployment of BioEnergy Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) are missing. This Policy and Practice Review discusses five different models for creating incentives and financing for BECCS, using Sweden as an example: (1) governmental guarantees for purchasing BECCS outcomes; (2) quota obligation on selected sectors to acquire BECCS outcomes; (3) allowing BECCS credits to compensate for hard-to-abate emissions within the EU ETS; (4) private entities for voluntary compensation; and (5) other states acting as buyers of BECCS outcomes to meet their mitigation targets under the Paris Agreement. We conclude that successful implementation of BECCS is likely to require a combination of several of the Policy Models, implemented in a sequential manner. The governmental guarantee model (Model 1) is likely to be required in the shorter term, so as to establish BECCS. Policy Models 2 and 3 may become more influential over time once BECCS has been established and accepted. Model 3 links BECCS to a large carbon-pricing regime with opportunities for cost-effectiveness and expanded financing. We conclude that Policy Models 4 and 5 are associated with high levels of uncertainty regarding the timing and volume of negative emissions that can be expected—Thus, they are unlikely to trigger BECCS implementation in the short term, although may have roles in the longer term. Based on this study, we recommend that policymakers carefully consider a policy sequencing approach that is predictable and sustainable over time, for which further analyses are required. It is not obvious how such sequencing can be arranged, as the capacities to implement the different Policy Models are vested in different organizations (national governments, EU, private firms). Furthermore, it is important that a BECCS policy is part of an integrated climate policy framework, in particular one that is in line with policies aimed at the mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the creation of a circular economy. It will be important to ensure that BECCS and the associated biomass resource are not overexploited. A well-designed policy package should guarantee that BECCS is neither used to postpone the reduction of fossil fuel-based emissions nor overused in the short term as a niche business for “greenwashing” while not addressing fossil fuel emissions.

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    DOAJ
    Article . 2021
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    Frontiers in Climate
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Frontiers in Climate
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    Frontiers in Climate
    Article . Other literature type . 2021
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      Frontiers in Climate
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      Frontiers in Climate
      Article . Other literature type . 2021
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    Authors: Simes, Egil;

    Projektet utforskar rådande maktbalans mellan staden och landsbygden, och riktar kritik åt den dominerande urbana normen. Ur en sarkastisk vinkel implementeras kasinot som medel för landsbygden att hävda sig mot staden i en värld styrd av kapital. Kasinot används som en symbol för den kapitaldrivna och ofta moraliskt ifrågasättbara världsutvecklingen, och genom denna allusion söker projektet ifrågasätta i vilken utsträckning målet om tillväxt kan tillåtas helga de allt mer extrema medel som används för att nå dit. Projektets tematik utvecklades som ett svar på det av skolan ställda kravet att rita en hybridbyggnad innehållandes ett folkets hus och ett egenvalt plusprogram omfattande totalt 2000 kvadratmeter på landsbygden i Nynäshamns kommun. Då den största delen av produktraffineringen som tidigare skedde i Sorunda, där projektet tar plats, har tvingats lägga ner på grund av centralisering uppstod en svårighet att finna ett trovärdigt plusprogram som kunde ge skäl för ett folkets hus. Då orten dessutom drabbas kraftigt av av den ökade lastbilstrafiken som Stockholm stads omläggning av Frihamnen till Nynäshamn har gett upphov till kom frågan om urban norm att hamna i fokus, och projektet att kretsa kring landsbygdens möjligheter att parasitera på samma maktförhållanden som den förtrycks av. This project explores the current power dynamic between urban and rural, and aims to critique the domineering urban norm. From a sarcastic point of view the casino is implemented as a means for the countryside to assert power over the city in a world ruled by capital. The casino is used as a symbol for the capital-driven and often morally questionable world development. Through this allusion the project seeks to question to what extent the goal of growth should be allowed to justify the ever more extreme means used to achieve this end. The thematic of the project was developed as an answer to the schools requirement to design a hybrid building containing a peoples house and a self chosen plus-programme to an extent of 2000 metres squared in Nynäshamn municipality. As most of the product refinement that used to exist in Sorunda, where the project takes place, har been forced to shut down due to centralisation there was an issue with finding a feasible plus-programme that could support the peoples house-function. Further, as the region has been heavily affected by the increasing heavy traffic caused by Stockholm Stads relocation of Frihamnen to Nynäshamn, the question of urban norm came into focus, and the project was oriented towards the possibility for the countryside to parasitize on the same power structures that oppress it.

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    Publikationer från KTH
    Bachelor thesis . 2023
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      Publikationer från KTH
      Bachelor thesis . 2023
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    Authors: Ma, Hanna;

    PLAS is a cloud-based software used for planning and scheduling fleets of vehicles for material transport. PLAS consists of two components; the Logistic Flow Solver (LFS) and the Material Transport Scheduler (MTS). Based on transportation requests, the LFS generates a set of logistic flows. The MTS then transforms the logistic flows into tasks that are assigned to the vehicles. The LFS is implemented with Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP). Currently, the LFS and the MTS are decoupled from each other and there is information that is not considered in the LFS. Thus, the choice of logistic flows generated with the current formulation may negatively impact the final transport plan. The objective of this thesis is to investigate how the generation of logistic flows can be improved. Two alternative mathematical models for the LFS were developed using MILP formulation. Compared to the current model, more information is taken into account in the two new models. Three different objective functions were considered. Scheduling of the vehicles were modelled as pickup and delivery problems, where pickup and delivery pairs correspond to the generated logistic flows. The models were implemented using Google OR-Tools, an open-source software suite for optimization. The different mathematical formulations were evaluated based on their performance for test problems with different fleet compositions. The results show that problem characteristics influence the performance of the models and that there is no model that gives the best result for every type of problem. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse problem characteristics in order to choose a suitable model for generation of logistic flows. PLAS är en molnbaserad mjukvara som används för planering och schemaläggning av fordonsflottor för materialtransport. PLAS består av två komponenter; Logistic Flow Solver (LFS) and Material Transport Scheduler (MTS). Baserat på transportbehov genererar LFS ett antal logistikflöden. MTS omvandlar sedan logistikflödena till uppdrag som är tilldelade till fordonen. LFS är implementerad med blandad heltalsprogrammering. För närvarande är LFS och MTS frikopplade från varandra och det finns information som inte tas hänsyn till i LFS. Därför kan valet av logistikflöden genererade med den nuvarande formuleringen negativt påverka den slutliga transportplanen. Målet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka hur genereringen av logistikflöden kan förbättras. Två alternativa matematiska modeller utvecklades med MILP-formulering. Jämfört med den nuvarande modellen, tar de två nya modellerna hänsyn till mer information. Tre olika målfunktioner beaktades. Modellerna implementerades med Google OR-Tools, en öppen programvara för optimering. De matematiska formuleringarna utvärderades baserat på deras prestation på testproblem med olika kompositioner av fordonsflottor. Resultaten visar att problemegenskaper påverkar modellernas prestationer och att det inte finns någon modell som ger bäst resultat för varje problemtyp. Därför är det nödvändigt att analysera problemegenskaper för att kunna välja en lämplig modell för generering av logistikflöden.

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    Authors: Henrik Frisk; Derek Holzer; Andre Holzapfel;

    This paper provides a study of a workshop which invited composers, musicians, and sound designers to explore instruments from the history of electronic sound in Sweden. The workshop participants applied media archaeology methods towards analyzing one particular instrument from the past, the Dataton System 3000. They then applied design fiction methods towards imagining several speculative instruments of the future. Each stage of the workshop revealed very specific utopian ideas surrounding the design of sound instruments. After introducing the background and methods of the workshop, the authors present an overview and thematic analysis of the workshop's outcomes. The paper concludes with some reflections on the use of this method-in-progress for investigating the ethics and affordances of historical electronic sound instruments. It also suggests the significance of ethics and affordances for the design of contemporary instruments. QC 20210804

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    Authors: Nettelbladt, Max; Stojanovski, Kevin;

    This thesis provides insights into the feasibility of managing product requirements in a concept leveraging an object-centric information model. The aim of this concept is to provide efective management of product requirements in the context of rising volume and complexity of requirements. Firstly, benefts and challenges between the current document-centric way of managing requirements and the novel object-centric concept for managing requirements are mapped and presented. Secondly, the organizational prerequisites necessary for adopting the object-centric product requirement applicability concept are explored and insights into how this transition can be facilitated with knowledge management are generated. Thirdly, the accuracy of this novel concept is evaluated in terms of applying the correct requirements onto products and not more nor less. The methods in this thesis are of mixed nature and combine qualitative and quantitative data sets. The quantitative data was collected from the analysis of the requirement applicability concept and the previous tests of the same concept on diferent products at Company X. The analysis of quantitative data for concept accuracy revolved around interpreting the nature of negative- and positive delta values following an automatic application of requirements in the novel object-centric concept. The former of these delta values relates to relevant requirements missing onto products whereas the latter relates to non-relevant requirements being applied following the automatic application. The qualitative data was collected mainly through a comprehensive literature review, semi-structured interviews, a workshop, meetings, Company X documents and observations. The analysis of qualitative data was done via an adaptation of two frameworks: The Multi-Dimensional Framework for Digital Transformation by Hanelt et al, 2021 and The Process of Organizational Knowledge Creation by Nonaka, 1994. These adapted frameworks were leveraged to generate insights into the necessary organizational prerequisites for adopting the object-centric product requirement applicability concept. While benefts and challenges exist between the two diferent ways of managing requirements, these are not weighted and thus no defnitive conclusion on best practice is drawn. Instead these fndings provide organizations a reference point for evaluating each approach in relation to their own circumstances. Some of the prerequisites identifed as critical for adopting an object-centric product requirement applicability model are a digital library of requirement specifcations that are convertible to object-centric data format, and a suitable PLM strategy chosen by the Top Management Teams that is aiding the development of the concept. As for knowledge management in order to transition to the new concept, fndings show that standardized knowledge creation and knowledge exchange is necessary as well as developing centralized knowledge databases. Lastly, the quantitative fndings indicate that the applicability concept is accurate, but that there is a need for additional iterations with model improvements where the negative delta can be eliminated and the positive delta held at an acceptable level. Den här studien ger insikter om genomförbarheten av att hantera produktkrav i ett koncept som utnyttjar en objektcentrerad informationsmodell. Syftet med detta koncept är att tillhandahålla efektiv hantering av produktkrav i samband med att de ökar i volym samt komplexitet. Studien kartlägger först fördelar och utmaningar mellan det nuvarande dokumentcentrerade sättet att hantera krav och det nya objektcentrerade konceptet. Även de organisatoriska förutsättningar som krävs för att införa det objektcentrerade produktkravskonceptet undersöks i samband med hur denna övergång kan underlättas med hjälp av kunskapshantering. Slutligen så utvärderas det objektcentrerade konceptet för kravapplicering beträfande hur exakt konceptet är i att applicera rätt krav på produkter. Metodiken i denna studie kombinerar kvalitativa och kvantitativa datamängder. Den kvantitativa datan samlades in från analys av kravappliceringskonceptet samt de tidigare testerna av konceptet på olika produkter som gjorts av Företag X. Analysen av kvantitativ data för hur exakt konceptet är i att applicera rätt krav kretsar kring att förstå grundorsakerna till de negativa och positiva deltavärden som uppkommit efter en automatisk applicering av krav i det nya objektcentrerade konceptet. Det negativa deltavärdet relaterar till nödvändiga krav som saknas på produkter, medan det positiva deltavärdet avser icke-relevanta krav som har applicerats efter en systemförfrågan och automatisk applicering av krav. Den kvalitativa datan samlades huvudsakligen in genom en omfattande litteraturstudie, semistrukturerade intervjuer, workshops, möten, dokument från Företag X och observationer. Analysen av kvalitativ data gjordes via en anpassning av två vetenskapliga ramverk: The Multi-Dimensional Framework for Digital Transformation av Hanelt et al, 2021 och The Process of Organizational Knowledge Creation av Nonaka, 1994. Dessa anpassade ramverk utnyttjas för att generera insikter i de nödvändiga organisatoriska förutsättningarna som krävs för att införa det objektcentrerade kravappliceringskonceptet i en organisation. Fördelar och utmaningar med de två olika sätten att hantera krav viktades inte i denna studie, därför dras ingen defnitiv slutsats om bästa praxis. Istället ger dessa fynd en referenspunkt till organisationer att utvärdera bästa praxis i förhållande till sina egna omständigheter. Några av förutsättningarna identiferade som kritiska för att tillämpa en objektcentrerad produktkravappliceringsmodell är ett digitalt bibliotek av kravspecifkationer som är konverterbara till objektcentrerat dataformat, samt en PLM-strategi införd av de högsta ledningsgrupperna som hjälper till med stödja det objekcentrerade konceptet för produktkravsapplicering. Vad gäller kunskapshantering för att övergå till det nya konceptet visar resultaten att standardiserad kunskapsskapande och utbyte av kunskap är nödvändigt, samt utvecklingen av centraliserade kunskapsdatabaser. Slutligen indikerar de kvantitativa resultaten att tillämpningskonceptet är noggrant, men att ytterligare iterationer med modellförbättringar behövs där den negativa deltan kan elimineras och där den positiva deltan hålls på en acceptabel nivå.

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    Publikationer från KTH
    Bachelor thesis . 2024
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      Publikationer från KTH
      Bachelor thesis . 2024
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    Authors: Kulbay, Mustafa;

    This report is about a novel approach to attenuation of fan noise in aerial vehicles, by way of implementing a ducted fan in the chassis of a four meter blended wing body plane. Three different one meter PVC pipes were used and their performances as silencers were tested by measuring the sound power level and calculating the insulation loss compared to a fan by itself. The ducts were either empty or lined with acoustic absorbents and micro perforated panels. Experiments were carried out in the reverberation room at KTH Marcus Wallenberg laboratory for sound and vibration research using the guidelines in ISO 3741 (2010). The results showed that the empty duct lead to a 15.3 dB(A) insulation loss with no decrease in thrust from the fan. The absorbent and micro perforated panel, however, lead to a 22.7 dB(A) insulation loss while giving a major decrease in thrust of more than one order of magnitude. The results show the failure of implementation of the latter two silencers due to choking, but also the success of the empty duct. This shows that there is room for improvement and perhaps even a future possibility of a successful implementation in a real vehicle.

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    Authors: Perrin, Jason;

    Efficient coverage of wireless telecommunication networks requires the ability to control the directions in which base station antennas radiate. Conventional phased array in base stations are composed of large numbers of radiating elements. Ideally, each one of the radiating elements should be controlled to precisely steer the beams produced by the array, but this can prove both complex and costly. Instead of feeding each one of them separately, the elements can be grouped into what is called subarrays. In which case, only the input of the subarray is controlled, feeding multiple radiating elements at once uniformly. The complexity is reduced, but so are the overall performance and beam steering capabilities. A subarray can instead be passively controlled with an analog circuit called a Beam Forming Network (BFN), giving more flexibility in the operation of the array. Such beamformer should be compact, cost-effective and introduce as little losses as possible to justify its integration in the complete antenna system. BFNs are built from couplers and phase shifters that can route and combine the input signals to produce the desired output signals. The design of those components is therefore key to obtaining array systems with the desired characteristics and performance. A stripline coupler and a stripline phase shifter are proposed in this work, both are broadband. They can be useful in a variety of applications. In this project, they are used to build a Butler matrix. This BFN is compact and could help reduce complexity in advanced antenna systems with respect to current technology. Effektiv täckning av trådlösa telekommunikationsnätverk kräver förmågan att styra i vilka riktningar basstationsantenner strålar. Konventionell fasad array i basstationer är sammansatta av ett stort antal strålande element. Helst bör vart och ett av de strålande elementen styras för att exakt styra strålarna som produceras av arrayen, men detta kan visa sig vara både komplext och kostsamt. Istället för att mata var och en av dem separat, kan elementen grupperas i vad som kallas subarrayer. I vilket fall kontrolleras endast ingången av subarrayen, vilket matar flera utstrålande element på en gång enhetligt. Komplexiteten minskar, men det är också den övergripande prestandan och strålstyrningskapaciteten. Subarrayer kan istället styras passivt med en analog krets som kallas BFN, vilket ger mer flexibilitet i driften av arrayen. Sådana strålbildare bör vara kompakta, kostnadseffektiva och medföra så små förluster som möjligt för att motivera deras integration i hela antennsystemet. BFNs är byggda av kopplare och fasskiftare som kan dirigera och kombinera ingångssignalerna för att producera de önskade utsignalerna. Utformningen av dessa komponenter är därför nyckeln till att erhålla arraysystem med önskade egenskaper och prestanda. En stripline-kopplare och en stripline-fasskiftare föreslås i detta arbete, båda är bredbandiga. De kan vara användbara i en mängd olika tillämpningar. I det här projektet används de för att bygga en Butler-matris. Denna BFN är kompakt och kan bidra till att minska komplexiteten i avancerade antennsystem med avseende på nuvarande teknik.

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    Publikationer från KTH
    Bachelor thesis . 2022
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      Publikationer från KTH
      Bachelor thesis . 2022
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    Authors: Markendahl, Jan;

    Denna rapport ingår som en del i projektet ”City As Platform” (CaaP) där vi genom att arbeta med ett gemensamt minimiramverk enkelt ska kunna dela på data samt flytta data-drivna tjänster inom en stad samt mellan städer. Rapporten beskriver olika behov, möjliga tjänster, datamodeller och informationsflöden inom området Parkeringstjänster. Arbetet fokuserar på två olika tjänster som ger information om tillgängliga och upptagna parkeringsplatser 1. En tjänst för transportföretag med information om parkeringsplatser för lastning/lossning 2. En tjänst för bilister med information om antalet lediga och/eller upptagna platser i ett område Det praktiska arbetet har skett i en arbetsgrupp där intresserade kommuner bidragit med input, erfarenheter och synpunkter på projektets analys och resultat. Arbetet har innefattat följande olika typer av aktiviteter och resultat som redovisas i denna delrapport: · Behovsanalys: Beskrivning av behov och möjliga tjänster · Beskrivning av informationsflöden · Identifiering och beskrivning av datamodeller · En intervjustudie om delning av data för parkering För båda områdena beskrivs möjliga tjänster och funktioner utifrån olika kommuners behov, detaljerade beskrivningar på behov från tre kommuner återfinns i appendix. När det gäller datamodeller finns för de båda tjänsterna lämpliga kandidater i FIWARE benämnda: ”On StreetParking”, ”OffStreetParking” samt ”Parking spot” . Tjänster inom det andra området baseras på återanvändning av parkeringsdata från P-hus, biljettautomater och mobila betalningslösningar. Data kan komma från kommunens egna system, privata P-hus och P-bolag samt olika leverantörer av betalnings-appar. Härvid är det av största vikt att data från olika källor och leverantörer görs tillgängliga för denna typ av informationstjänst. En intervjustudie visar att det kan olika ut i olika kommuner när det gäller vilka typer av parkeringsområden som ”täcks” av informationstjänster. Resultaten visar på olika grad av täckning och mix av information avseende gatumark, kommunal eller privat tomtmark och P-hus.  This report is one part of the documentation of the Vinnova funder project "City As Platform" (CaaP). In this project, by working with a common minimum framework, we want to achieve that you can easily share data and move data-driven IoT services within a city and between cities. The report describes different needs, possible services, data models and information flows in the area of Parking Services. The work focus on two different services providing information on available and occupied parking spaces 1. A service for transport companies with information about parking spaces for loading/unloading 2. A service for motorists with information on the number of vacancies and/or occupied places in an area For both areas, possible services and functions are described based on the needs of different municipalities, detailed descriptions of needs from three municipalities can be found in the appendix. For data models, FIware has suitable candidates for both types of servioces: "On StreetParking", "OffStreetParking" and "Parking spot" . Services in the second area are based on the reuse of parking data from P-houses, ticket machines and mobile payment solutions. Data can come from the municipality's own systems, private P-houses and P-companies as well as various providers of payment apps. In this respect, it is of the utmost importance that data from different sources and suppliers be made available for this type of information service. A interview study shows that different types of parking areas can be "covered" by information services in different municipalities. The results show different levels of coverage and mix of information regarding parking at streets, municipal or private parking areas. City as a Platform QC 20211029

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    Authors: Stiby Kopp, Mathias;

    Vid användning av Virtual Reality (VR) fanns en stor nackdel; Användare kunde inte utföra fullt rörelseomfång, framför allt förflyttning av olika slag; promenad, löpning, hopp samt sidosteg och gång baklänges. Användare förblev begränsade till utrymmets area och luft-rum. Antingen var användaren tvungen att strukturera om sitt utrymme eller så anpassades själva VR-programmet och dess headset för att kunna tillgodose detta problem på mest optimala sätt. Det har uppstått olika koncept av löpband som är inriktade för VR med syftet att lösa denna begränsning. Däremot var dessa koncept inte tillräckligt effektiva i att översätta normalt rörelsemönster till VR. Syftet med detta projekt var att vidareutveckla de etablerade koncepten med målet att ta reda på om en helt ny koncept-idé kunde fungera optimalt. Resultaten visade på att koncept-idén har potential men fortsatt arbete i en större omfattning skulle vara nödvändigt. When using Virtual Reality (VR) there was a major drawback; Users could not perform full range of motion, especially locomotion of various kinds; walking, running, jumping as well as side steps and walking backwards. Users remained limited to the space's area and airspace. Either the user had to restructure their space or the VR-program itself and its headset were adapted to accommodate this problem in the most optimal way. Various treadmill concepts have emerged that are geared for VR with the aim of solving this limitation. However, these concepts were not effective enough in translating normal movement pattern to VR. The purpose of this project was to further develop the established concepts with the goal of finding out if a completely new concept idea could work optimally. The results showed that the concept idea has potential but continued work on a larger scale would be necessary.

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    Publikationer från KTH
    Bachelor thesis . 2022
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      Publikationer från KTH
      Bachelor thesis . 2022
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