AbstractThe reactivities of various fatty monoacids and diacids on copper metal-containing surfaces were investigated through reflection–absorption infrared spectroscopy. The formation of copper carboxylates is detected on pure copper surfaces, while copper and zinc carboxylates are simultaneously formed on brass surfaces. Following the decrease of acid carbonyl and the formation of carboxylate infrared bands, it is shown that fatty monoacids C8 and C10 react with clean/polished copper and its zinc alloy within 2–4 h, while those with chains > C12 react within days. At the end of the processes, only the corresponding metal carboxylates are detected in all cases. An explanation for the above is offered on a molecular mobility and acidity basis, where the lower monoacids (liquids in room temperature), also having lower pKa values, favor higher reaction rates. Furthermore, it is argued that longer-chain fatty monoacids, when deposited from their solutions, allow for favorable orientation resulting in self-assembled monolayer-type molecular packing on the copper surface, which may additionally rationalize the slower reaction. Interestingly, fatty diacids do not form any carboxylate products under the same conditions, as it is argued that their molecules may efficiently pack as self-assembled multilayers on copper and ultimately protect it. The possible implications of the fatty monoacid and diacid behavior on the archaeological organic residues level and regarding the stability of copper alloys are discussed.
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Η διατριβή διερευνά την αναβίωση του κλασικού δράματος σε αρχαιολογικούς χώρους ως κοινωνικοπολιτικό μηχανισμό των ευρωπαϊκών εθνών-κρατών κατά τον 20ό αιώνα. Η σύγχρονη χρήση των ελληνορωμαϊκών θεάτρων, αμφιθεάτρων και ωδείων εξαρτήθηκε από κοινωνικές ή καλλιτεχνικές επιρροές και διασυνδέσεις. Ειδικότερα, η ισπανική και η ελληνική περίπτωση αναπτύχθηκαν παράλληλα και απευθύνθηκαν σε παρόμοιες κοινωνικοπολιτικές αντιλήψεις, ενώ το ιταλικό παράδειγμα λειτούργησε ως πρότυπο για τη θεατρική τους παράδοση κατά τις πρώτες δεκαετίες του 20ού αιώνα. Από θεατρική άποψη, το ρεπερτόριο και ο προσανατολισμός του κλασικού δράματος επηρεάστηκαν από (υπερ)εθνικές τάσεις, ενώ οι σχέσεις εξουσίας μεταξύ θεατρικών σκηνοθετών, θιάσων και επίσημων φορέων καθόρισαν την πορεία αυτών των καλλιτεχνικών παραδόσεων. Η σκηνοθεσία του κλασικού δράματος στην Ελλάδα και την Ισπανία μετέτρεψε τους ελληνορωμαϊκούς χώρους σε κοινωνικοπολιτικούς φορείς εξουσίας που παρήγαγαν συλλογικές αφηγήσεις, θεατρικό εκσυγχρονισμό και οικονομική ανάπτυξη. Παρά τον διαφορετικό βαθμό ιδεολογικής εμπλοκής τους με τον κλασικό πολιτισμό, οι πολιτικές συνθήκες στην Ελλάδα και την Ισπανία κατά τον 20ό αιώνα προσφέρουν χώρο για στοχασμό και κριτική σύγκριση. Σε αυτό το πλαίσιο, η παρούσα μελέτη εξετάζει πώς οι ιστορικές πραγματικότητες οδήγησαν στη παραγωγή κλασικού δράματος σε ελληνορωμαϊκούς χώρους και πώς κάθε χώρα οικειοποιήθηκε και ανέδειξε αυτή την κλασική κληρονομιά ως εθνικό κοινωνικοπολιτικό κεφάλαιο. This thesis explores the revival of classical drama at ancient venues as a sociopolitical apparatus of the European nation-states in the 20th century. The modern use of Greco-Roman theatres, amphitheatres, and odeons depended on social or artistic influences and interconnections. In particular, the Spanish and Greek cases developed parallelly and addressed similar sociopolitical concepts, while the Italian example worked as a model for their theatrical tradition in the first decades of the 20th century. In theatrical terms, the repertoire and orientation of classical drama were affected by (inter)national trends, while power relations among theatrical directors, companies, and institutions determined the course of these artistic traditions. Staging classical drama in Greece and Spain transformed Greco-Roman venues into sociopolitical powerhouses that generated collective narratives, theatrical modernization, and economic development. Despite the distinct degree of ideological engagement with classical culture, political conditions in Greece and Spain during the 20th century offer a space for reflection and critical comparison. In this context, this study discusses how historical realities led to the staging of classical drama at Greco-Roman venues and how each country appropriated and showcased this classical heritage as sociopolitical capital.
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An analysis of the place names of the coastal area of Crimea (Tauris) has been found in the description of Pallas (1795), along with the study of two or three historic «monuments» of the written and oral linguistic tradition of the Crimean Greeks, make it possible to establish a small vocabulary. This historic glossary provides several direct and indirect informations on the cultural heritage of the Greek speaking communities of Mariupol who live along with the Tatar-speaking Urums who have an ethnic Greek identity. An Urum-Ukrainian dictionary established by Alexander Garkavets has been appended herewith Le parler Grec (Rouméika) contemporain de la région de Mariupol (Azov, Ukraine) est la forme moderne de la langue parlée par les Hellénophones Roumeoi de la péninsule de Crimée. L’analyse des noms de lieu de la zone côtière de Crimée, que nous trouvons dans la description de Pallas (1795), complétée par l’étude de deux ou trois «monuments» de l’histoire linguistique de la tradition écrite et orale de la Crimée, permettent de dresser une liste d toponymes. Ce lexique historique contient de nombreuses indications, directes et indirectes, portant sur l’héritage culturel des Hellénophones de Mariupol ainsi que des Tatarophones Ouroum qui ont une identité ethnique hellénique. En Annexe on trouvera le dictionnaire Ouroum-Ukrainien etabli par Alexander Garkavets.
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This paper is related to the creation of a thesaurus in the Maritime Heritage (MH) field. The suggested controlled vocabulary could improve methods for archiving oral sources, written accounts, imagery, 3D archeology, and other multimedia objects related to people and periods from ancient times to recent history. It has been created to cover the indexing needs for resources from Greek Maritime GLAM institutions hosted in a MH platform of the research infrastructure EN.I.R.I.S.S.T. It is comprised of terms ‘derived from’ the collections which include objects/heirlooms, personal items, scrimshaws, archaeological items, shipping companies archives, correspondence, periodicals, photographs from coaling stations and lighthouses. Although the construction of this vocabulary took into consideration specific data and their documentation, the purpose is to go beyond EN.I.R.I.S.S.T., and to aid other MH documentation projects or professionals/researchers in organizing and archiving MH data. The goal is to have an imprint on the longevity and communication of MH data in general, and to contribute to establishing MH as a separate Cultural Heritage (CH) branch. The methodological approach was sensitive to the history of the artefacts, the shipping history and terminology, CH and general vocabularies, as well as the pre-existing practices. Terms and subject headings already existing in the vocabularies of reference were leveraged. The rules and standards of thematic indexing, creation of monolingual and multilingual thesauri, and terminology standards were followed. Currently, the population of the thesaurus with terms automatically extracted from maritime legal documents is being attempted.
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doi: 10.1038/nature15757
pmid: 26560301
The pressures on honeybee (Apis mellifera) populations, resulting from threats by modern pesticides, parasites, predators and diseases, have raised awareness of the economic importance and critical role this insect plays in agricultural societies across the globe. However, the association of humans with A. mellifera predates post-industrial-revolution agriculture, as evidenced by the widespread presence of ancient Egyptian bee iconography dating to the Old Kingdom (approximately 2400 BC). There are also indications of Stone Age people harvesting bee products; for example, honey hunting is interpreted from rock art in a prehistoric Holocene context and a beeswax find in a pre-agriculturalist site. However, when and where the regular association of A. mellifera with agriculturalists emerged is unknown. One of the major products of A. mellifera is beeswax, which is composed of a complex suite of lipids including n-alkanes, n-alkanoic acids and fatty acyl wax esters. The composition is highly constant as it is determined genetically through the insect's biochemistry. Thus, the chemical 'fingerprint' of beeswax provides a reliable basis for detecting this commodity in organic residues preserved at archaeological sites, which we now use to trace the exploitation by humans of A. mellifera temporally and spatially. Here we present secure identifications of beeswax in lipid residues preserved in pottery vessels of Neolithic Old World farmers. The geographical range of bee product exploitation is traced in Neolithic Europe, the Near East and North Africa, providing the palaeoecological range of honeybees during prehistory. Temporally, we demonstrate that bee products were exploited continuously, and probably extensively in some regions, at least from the seventh millennium cal BC, likely fulfilling a variety of technological and cultural functions. The close association of A. mellifera with Neolithic farming communities dates to the early onset of agriculture and may provide evidence for the beginnings of a domestication process.
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citations | 144 | |
popularity | Top 1% | |
influence | Top 10% | |
impulse | Top 1% |
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Ioannis Kapodistrias (1776–1831) was the founder of the modern Greek state. He previously served as a brilliant foreign minister of Russia, and he was a progressive and effective leader of the new country during the four years he served it as its first Governor. Though he had to create a state from zero, he had the ambition and method to organize it according to the European standards. His assassination in Nafplion, outside a church, deprived the country from the chance to become a modern state from the outset. The following article draws material from the “Great Greek Biographical Dictionary” and highlights the significance of one of the most distinguished politicians and diplomats of Europe. He was the man who wrote the first chapter of modern Greek history.
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popularity | Average | |
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Η παρούσα μεταπτυχιακή έρευνα εισάγει μια πρωτοποριακή εξερεύνηση της επαυξημένης πραγματικότητας (AR) σε συνδυασμό με στοιχεία ήχου, η οποία αντιπροσωπεύει ένα σχετικά ανεξερεύνητο πεδίο στην τεχνολογία Επαυξημένης Πραγματικότητας. Αυτή η έρευνα εστιάζει στην επαύξηση της πραγματικότητας ενσωματώνοντας τόσο οπτικό όσο και ακουστικό περιεχόμενο. Οι προκλήσεις που αντιμετωπίζονται σε αυτόν τον τομέα περιστρέφονται γύρω από τις δυνατότητες αλληλεπίδρασης του AR και την ακριβή καταχώρηση οπτικών και ηχητικών στοιχείων σε θορυβώδη, φωτεινά και πολυάσχολα εξωτερικά περιβάλλοντα. Για την αντιμετώπιση αυτών των προκλήσεων, αυτή η έρευνα παρουσιάζει μια νέα εμπειρία AR για κινητές συσκευές που αναπτύχθηκε στην πόλη των Χανίων, Κρήτη, Ελλάδα. Αυτή η εμπειρία AR έχει σχεδιαστεί για να ενισχύσει την εξερεύνηση έξι αρχαιολογικών χώρων ανασκαφής ενώ οι επισκέπτες περπατάνε στην πόλη. Η προτεινόμενη προσέγγιση χρησιμοποιεί πρωτοποριακές τεχνικές παιχνιδοποίησης, μη γραμμική αφήγηση, ακριβή οπτικοποίηση AR και χωρικό ήχο για να παρέχει στους παίκτες μια καινοτόμο και συναρπαστική αλληλεπίδραση AR ενώ ανακαλύπτουν τους πλούσιους αρχαιολογικούς χώρους και την ιστορία της πόλης σε ένα υπαίθριο περιβάλλον. Επιπρόσθετα, εφαρμόσαμε μια τεχνική δυναμικού φωτισμού για να ταιριάξουμε τον φωτισμό του τρισδιάστατου περιεχομένου όπως φαίνεται στην οθόνη (κεντρική όραση) με τον φωτισμό της ημέρας του πραγματικού κόσμου (περιφερική όραση) με βάση τις πληροφορίες καιρού σε πραγματικό χρόνο. This research MSc thesis introduces a pioneering exploration of augmented reality (AR) combined with audio elements, which represents a relatively unexplored field within AR technology. This research focuses on the augmentation of reality by incorporating both visual and auditory content. The challenges encountered in this domain revolve around AR's interaction capabilities and the accurate registration of visual and sound elements within noisy, bright, and busy outdoor environments. To address these challenges, this thesis presents a novel and mobile AR experience deployed in the city of Chania, located in Crete, Greece. This AR experience is designed to enhance the exploration of six archaeological excavation sites while walking through the city. The proposed approach employs cutting-edge gamification techniques, non-linear storytelling, precise AR visualization, and spatial audio to provide players with an innovative and engaging AR interaction while discovering the city's rich archaeological sites and history in an outdoor setting. Additionally, we implemented a dynamic lighting technique to match the 3D content's illumination as viewed on the screen (central vision) to the day-time lighting of the real-world (peripheral vision) based on real-time weather information.
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Preface: Stelios A. Papadimitriou 62 σ.
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Η βελτίωση ερωτημάτων (Query refinement) είναι η διαδικασία πρότασης εναλλακτικών όρων στους χρήστες των μηχανών αναζήτησης του Διαδικτύου για την διατύπωση της πληροφοριακής τους ανάγκης. Παρόλο που εναλλακτικοί σχηματισμοί ερωτημάτων μπορούν να συνεισφέρουν στην βελτίωση των ανακτηθέντων αποτελεσμάτων, η χρησιμοποίησή τους από χρήστες του Διαδικτύου είναι ιδιαίτερα περιορισμένη καθώς οι όροι των βελτιωμένων ερωτημάτων δεν περιέχουν σχεδόν καθόλου πληροφορία αναφορικά με τον βαθμό ομοιότητάς τους με τους όρους του αρχικού ερωτήματος, ενώ συγχρόνως δεν καταδεικνύουν το βαθμό συσχέτισής τους με τα πληροφοριακά ενδιαφέροντα των χρηστών. Παραδοσιακά, οι εναλλακτικοί σχηματισμοί ερωτημάτων καθορίζονται κατ’ αποκλειστικότητα από τη σημασιολογική σχέση που επιδεικνύουν οι συμπληρωματικοί όροι με τους αρχικούς όρους του ερωτήματος, χωρίς να λαμβάνουν υπόψη τον επιδιωκόμενο στόχο της αναζήτησης που υπολανθάνει πίσω από ένα ερώτημα του χρήστη. Στην παρούσα εργασία θα παρουσιάσουμε μια πρότυπη τεχνική βελτίωσης ερωτημάτων η οποία χρησιμοποιεί μια λεξική οντολογία προκειμένου να εντοπίσει εναλλακτικούς σχηματισμούς ερωτημάτων οι οποίοι αφενός, θα περιγράφουν το αντικείμενο της αναζήτησης του χρήστη και αφετέρου θα σχετίζονται με τα ερωτήματα που υπέβαλε ο χρήστης. Το πιο πρωτοποριακό χαρακτηριστικό της τεχνικής μας είναι η οπτική αναπαράσταση του εναλλακτικού ερωτήματος με την μορφή ενός ιεραρχικά δομημένου γράφου. Η αναπαράσταση αυτή παρέχει σαφείς πληροφορίες για την σημασιολογική σχέση μεταξύ των όρων του βελτιωμένου ερωτήματος και των όρων που χρησιμοποίησε ο χρήστης για να εκφράσει την πληροφοριακή του ανάγκη ενώ παράλληλα παρέχει την δυνατότητα στον χρήστη να επιλέξει ποιοι από τους υποψήφιους όρους θα συμμετέχουν τελικά στην διαδικασία βελτιστοποίησης δημιουργώντας διαδραστικά το νέο ερώτημα. Τα αποτελέσματα των πειραμάτων που διενεργήσαμε για να αξιολογήσουμε την απόδοση της τεχνικής μας, είναι ιδιαίτερα ικανοποιητικά και μας οδηγούν στο συμπέρασμα ότι η μέθοδός μας μπορεί να βοηθήσει σημαντικά στη διευκόλυνση του χρήστη κατά τη διαδικασία επιλογής ερωτημάτων για την ανάκτηση πληροφορίας από τα δεδομένα του Παγκόσμιου Ιστού. Query refinement is the process of providing Web information seekers with alternative wordings for expressing their information needs. Although alternative query formulations may contribute to the improvement of retrieval results, nevertheless their realization by Web users is intrinsically limited in that alternative query wordings do not convey explicit information about neither their degree nor their type of correlation to the user-issued queries. Moreover, alternative query formulations are determined based on the semantics of the issued query alone and they do not consider anything about the search intentions of the user issuing that query. In this paper, we introduce a novel query refinement technique which uses a lexical ontology for identifying alternative query formulations that are both informative of the user’s interests and related to the user selected queries. The most innovative feature of our technique is the visualization of the alternative query wordings in a graphical representation form, which conveys explicit information about the refined queries correlation to the user issued requests and which allows the user select which terms to participate in the refinement process. Experimental results demonstrate that our method has a significant potential in improving the user search experience.
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doi: 10.1093/llc/fqy031
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citations | 3 | |
popularity | Average | |
influence | Average | |
impulse | Average |
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AbstractThe reactivities of various fatty monoacids and diacids on copper metal-containing surfaces were investigated through reflection–absorption infrared spectroscopy. The formation of copper carboxylates is detected on pure copper surfaces, while copper and zinc carboxylates are simultaneously formed on brass surfaces. Following the decrease of acid carbonyl and the formation of carboxylate infrared bands, it is shown that fatty monoacids C8 and C10 react with clean/polished copper and its zinc alloy within 2–4 h, while those with chains > C12 react within days. At the end of the processes, only the corresponding metal carboxylates are detected in all cases. An explanation for the above is offered on a molecular mobility and acidity basis, where the lower monoacids (liquids in room temperature), also having lower pKa values, favor higher reaction rates. Furthermore, it is argued that longer-chain fatty monoacids, when deposited from their solutions, allow for favorable orientation resulting in self-assembled monolayer-type molecular packing on the copper surface, which may additionally rationalize the slower reaction. Interestingly, fatty diacids do not form any carboxylate products under the same conditions, as it is argued that their molecules may efficiently pack as self-assembled multilayers on copper and ultimately protect it. The possible implications of the fatty monoacid and diacid behavior on the archaeological organic residues level and regarding the stability of copper alloys are discussed.
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popularity | Average | |
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Η διατριβή διερευνά την αναβίωση του κλασικού δράματος σε αρχαιολογικούς χώρους ως κοινωνικοπολιτικό μηχανισμό των ευρωπαϊκών εθνών-κρατών κατά τον 20ό αιώνα. Η σύγχρονη χρήση των ελληνορωμαϊκών θεάτρων, αμφιθεάτρων και ωδείων εξαρτήθηκε από κοινωνικές ή καλλιτεχνικές επιρροές και διασυνδέσεις. Ειδικότερα, η ισπανική και η ελληνική περίπτωση αναπτύχθηκαν παράλληλα και απευθύνθηκαν σε παρόμοιες κοινωνικοπολιτικές αντιλήψεις, ενώ το ιταλικό παράδειγμα λειτούργησε ως πρότυπο για τη θεατρική τους παράδοση κατά τις πρώτες δεκαετίες του 20ού αιώνα. Από θεατρική άποψη, το ρεπερτόριο και ο προσανατολισμός του κλασικού δράματος επηρεάστηκαν από (υπερ)εθνικές τάσεις, ενώ οι σχέσεις εξουσίας μεταξύ θεατρικών σκηνοθετών, θιάσων και επίσημων φορέων καθόρισαν την πορεία αυτών των καλλιτεχνικών παραδόσεων. Η σκηνοθεσία του κλασικού δράματος στην Ελλάδα και την Ισπανία μετέτρεψε τους ελληνορωμαϊκούς χώρους σε κοινωνικοπολιτικούς φορείς εξουσίας που παρήγαγαν συλλογικές αφηγήσεις, θεατρικό εκσυγχρονισμό και οικονομική ανάπτυξη. Παρά τον διαφορετικό βαθμό ιδεολογικής εμπλοκής τους με τον κλασικό πολιτισμό, οι πολιτικές συνθήκες στην Ελλάδα και την Ισπανία κατά τον 20ό αιώνα προσφέρουν χώρο για στοχασμό και κριτική σύγκριση. Σε αυτό το πλαίσιο, η παρούσα μελέτη εξετάζει πώς οι ιστορικές πραγματικότητες οδήγησαν στη παραγωγή κλασικού δράματος σε ελληνορωμαϊκούς χώρους και πώς κάθε χώρα οικειοποιήθηκε και ανέδειξε αυτή την κλασική κληρονομιά ως εθνικό κοινωνικοπολιτικό κεφάλαιο. This thesis explores the revival of classical drama at ancient venues as a sociopolitical apparatus of the European nation-states in the 20th century. The modern use of Greco-Roman theatres, amphitheatres, and odeons depended on social or artistic influences and interconnections. In particular, the Spanish and Greek cases developed parallelly and addressed similar sociopolitical concepts, while the Italian example worked as a model for their theatrical tradition in the first decades of the 20th century. In theatrical terms, the repertoire and orientation of classical drama were affected by (inter)national trends, while power relations among theatrical directors, companies, and institutions determined the course of these artistic traditions. Staging classical drama in Greece and Spain transformed Greco-Roman venues into sociopolitical powerhouses that generated collective narratives, theatrical modernization, and economic development. Despite the distinct degree of ideological engagement with classical culture, political conditions in Greece and Spain during the 20th century offer a space for reflection and critical comparison. In this context, this study discusses how historical realities led to the staging of classical drama at Greco-Roman venues and how each country appropriated and showcased this classical heritage as sociopolitical capital.
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An analysis of the place names of the coastal area of Crimea (Tauris) has been found in the description of Pallas (1795), along with the study of two or three historic «monuments» of the written and oral linguistic tradition of the Crimean Greeks, make it possible to establish a small vocabulary. This historic glossary provides several direct and indirect informations on the cultural heritage of the Greek speaking communities of Mariupol who live along with the Tatar-speaking Urums who have an ethnic Greek identity. An Urum-Ukrainian dictionary established by Alexander Garkavets has been appended herewith Le parler Grec (Rouméika) contemporain de la région de Mariupol (Azov, Ukraine) est la forme moderne de la langue parlée par les Hellénophones Roumeoi de la péninsule de Crimée. L’analyse des noms de lieu de la zone côtière de Crimée, que nous trouvons dans la description de Pallas (1795), complétée par l’étude de deux ou trois «monuments» de l’histoire linguistique de la tradition écrite et orale de la Crimée, permettent de dresser une liste d toponymes. Ce lexique historique contient de nombreuses indications, directes et indirectes, portant sur l’héritage culturel des Hellénophones de Mariupol ainsi que des Tatarophones Ouroum qui ont une identité ethnique hellénique. En Annexe on trouvera le dictionnaire Ouroum-Ukrainien etabli par Alexander Garkavets.
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This paper is related to the creation of a thesaurus in the Maritime Heritage (MH) field. The suggested controlled vocabulary could improve methods for archiving oral sources, written accounts, imagery, 3D archeology, and other multimedia objects related to people and periods from ancient times to recent history. It has been created to cover the indexing needs for resources from Greek Maritime GLAM institutions hosted in a MH platform of the research infrastructure EN.I.R.I.S.S.T. It is comprised of terms ‘derived from’ the collections which include objects/heirlooms, personal items, scrimshaws, archaeological items, shipping companies archives, correspondence, periodicals, photographs from coaling stations and lighthouses. Although the construction of this vocabulary took into consideration specific data and their documentation, the purpose is to go beyond EN.I.R.I.S.S.T., and to aid other MH documentation projects or professionals/researchers in organizing and archiving MH data. The goal is to have an imprint on the longevity and communication of MH data in general, and to contribute to establishing MH as a separate Cultural Heritage (CH) branch. The methodological approach was sensitive to the history of the artefacts, the shipping history and terminology, CH and general vocabularies, as well as the pre-existing practices. Terms and subject headings already existing in the vocabularies of reference were leveraged. The rules and standards of thematic indexing, creation of monolingual and multilingual thesauri, and terminology standards were followed. Currently, the population of the thesaurus with terms automatically extracted from maritime legal documents is being attempted.
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doi: 10.1038/nature15757
pmid: 26560301
The pressures on honeybee (Apis mellifera) populations, resulting from threats by modern pesticides, parasites, predators and diseases, have raised awareness of the economic importance and critical role this insect plays in agricultural societies across the globe. However, the association of humans with A. mellifera predates post-industrial-revolution agriculture, as evidenced by the widespread presence of ancient Egyptian bee iconography dating to the Old Kingdom (approximately 2400 BC). There are also indications of Stone Age people harvesting bee products; for example, honey hunting is interpreted from rock art in a prehistoric Holocene context and a beeswax find in a pre-agriculturalist site. However, when and where the regular association of A. mellifera with agriculturalists emerged is unknown. One of the major products of A. mellifera is beeswax, which is composed of a complex suite of lipids including n-alkanes, n-alkanoic acids and fatty acyl wax esters. The composition is highly constant as it is determined genetically through the insect's biochemistry. Thus, the chemical 'fingerprint' of beeswax provides a reliable basis for detecting this commodity in organic residues preserved at archaeological sites, which we now use to trace the exploitation by humans of A. mellifera temporally and spatially. Here we present secure identifications of beeswax in lipid residues preserved in pottery vessels of Neolithic Old World farmers. The geographical range of bee product exploitation is traced in Neolithic Europe, the Near East and North Africa, providing the palaeoecological range of honeybees during prehistory. Temporally, we demonstrate that bee products were exploited continuously, and probably extensively in some regions, at least from the seventh millennium cal BC, likely fulfilling a variety of technological and cultural functions. The close association of A. mellifera with Neolithic farming communities dates to the early onset of agriculture and may provide evidence for the beginnings of a domestication process.