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AbstractThe charge-discharge characteristics and the aging mechanism of PbO2 layers doped with bismuth in contact with sulfuric acid solutions were studied by using combined cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) techniques. For this purpose, thick lead dioxide layers (non-doped and doped with Bi) were electrodeposited on gold substrate from aqueous solutions of Pb(NO3)2 dissolved in nitric acid and they were investigated in sulfuric acid media. Based on the electrochemical and the mass change responses, it is concluded that during the electrodeposition, bismuth influences the structure of the PbO2 formed. Bi(III) also inhibits the oxidation of lead sulfate and affects the reduction kinetics of lead dioxide. During successive cyclization (aging), the presence of bismuth accelerates the hydration of PbO2.

To reconstruct changes in vegetation, temperature, and sediment geochemistry through the last 6.5 cal ka BP, in the Subcarpathian belt of the Eastern Carpathians (Romania), pollen, branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) and X-ray fluorescence analyses have been integrated. Pollen and brGDGTs (a bacterial lipid biomarker proxy) are used as paleothermometers for reconstructing the mean annual air temperature (MAAT) and mean temperature above freezing (MAF), respectively. Both proxies show roughly consistent records. The highest MAAT and MAF occurs during the oldest part of the record (from 6.5 to 4.2 cal ka BP), and the Middle to the Late Holocene shift is marked by a prominent decrease in temperature between 5.4 and 4.2 cal ka BP, coinciding with Bond event 4 and 3. This transition is coeval with a decrease in summer insolation, shift from consistent NAO-conditions to a predominance of NAO+ phase and coincides with the beginning of the Neoglacial cooling in northern latitudes. The warm bias in the MAF reconstruction during the Late Holocene is explained as a change in the lipid provenance or in the composition of the brGDGT producers after 4.2 cal ka BP. Global and Planetary Change, 215 ISSN:0921-8181

The main tool for programmers is always the compiler, but there are also many other tools to help the development process. Some of these tools work on the source code of the program, analyzing, measuring or transforming it. Implementing a source based tool is a complex task, especially for complex languages such as C++. In recent years the C++ language received an easy-to-use library for developing such software, in the form of clang tooling. However, this library only focuses on processing a single translational unit of the program, independently to the other parts of the build process. Tools which ignore this big picture could result in failures when used on larger projects, or incorrect runtime behavior. In this paper, we describe some of these challenges encountered in real-world C++ projects and propose possible solutions for future tools to fix or mitigate the issues.

A fenti tanulmány az Esti Kornél-szövegegyüttesekben a címszereplő tulajdonneve által megvalósuló intertextuális olvasási lehetőséggel foglalkozott, mely a szöveg és a befogadó viszonyában reflektált vagy öntudatlan asszociációkkal írható le. Ezek a szövegegyüttesek az életműben – azonkívül, hogy vitatható műfajúak és egymáshoz lazán, leginkább a tulajdonnevek és egy-egy visszatérő téma, illetve a történet linearitása, kifejtettsége által kapcsolódnak – hangsúlyozzák az elbeszélés fikcionális voltát. Az Esti Kornél név ezek között a szövegek között, sőt, a nevet szerepeltető kortárs szépirodalmi szövegekben is egyfajta asszociációs kapocsként működik, intertextuális szereppel bír azáltal, hogy megidézi a tulajdonnév korábbi szövegkörnyezeteit és a névhez a korábbi szövegekben kapcsolt jellemzőket. A tanulmány egy olyan szempontra kívánta felhívni a figyelmet névtani megközelítése alapján, amely más szerzők és más típusú szövegek vizsgálata esetén is eredményesnek bizonyulhat.

AbstractRare mitochondrial lineages with relict distributions can sometimes be disproportionately informative about deep events in human prehistory. We have studied one such lineage, haplogroup R0a, which uniquely is most frequent in Arabia and the Horn of Africa, but is distributed much more widely, from Europe to India. We conclude that: (1) the lineage ancestral to R0a is more ancient than previously thought, with a relict distribution across the Mediterranean/Southwest Asia; (2) R0a has a much deeper presence in Arabia than previously thought, highlighting the role of at least one Pleistocene glacial refugium, perhaps on the Red Sea plains; (3) the main episode of dispersal into Eastern Africa, at least concerning maternal lineages, was at the end of the Late Glacial, due to major expansions from one or more refugia in Arabia; (4) there was likely a minor Late Glacial/early postglacial dispersal from Arabia through the Levant and into Europe, possibly alongside other lineages from a Levantine refugium; and (5) the presence of R0a in Southwest Arabia in the Holocene at the nexus of a trading network that developed after ~3 ka between Africa and the Indian Ocean led to some gene flow even further afield, into Iran, Pakistan and India.

AbstractIn late antiquity, there has been a public opinion that African Latin is specific and different from the Latin spoken in other regions of the Roman Empire. Several grammarians also mention – in comparison with the so-called classical Latin – incorrect (linguistic) phenomena, which are associated with the Latin speakers of the African provinces. In my paper, I will examine one of these (perceived?) Africanisms, the wrong use of the l sound/letter (labdacism) through a selection of texts available in the grammatical tradition, and finally, with the inclusion of African epigraphical material, I will discuss the phenomenon of wrong gemination and degemination in African provinces, which might closely be related to the phenomenon called labdacism by grammarians.