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Physics letters / B 829, 137062 (2022). doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2022.137062 Published by North-Holland Publ., Amsterdam

Fieldwork was conducted in selected migration arrival ports in Greece, Italy, Spain, France, South Africa, and Canada to explore the role of the notion of vulnerability in the field level governance of international protection. Specifically, we explored how key actors and stakeholders in the selected field sites 1) understood and applied notions of vulnerability, and 2) collaborated to address and reduce vulnerabilities.

This introduction serves to contextualize six PROTECT country case study reports from the EU Horizon 2020 PROTECT research project. Drawing on ethnographic studies in selected arrival ports in France, Italy, Spain, Greece, Canada and South Africa, the reports discuss how actors and stakeholders in the field level governance of migration and international protection understand and operationalise the notion of vulnerability. In this introduction, we first discuss how the notion of vulnerability is understood in the Global Compacts for Migration and on Refugees. We go on to present some analytical approaches to vulnerability to frame the reports, and end by drawing out some cross-cutting themes from the case studies. In particular, we highlight certain structural challenges and adverse effects related to the increasing centrality of vulnerability in migration governance.

The measurement of the cross section for the production of a Z boson, decaying to dielectrons or dimuons, in association with at least one bottom quark jet are performed with proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb$^{-1}$, collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC during 2016-2018. The integrated cross sections for Z + $\ge$1 b jet and Z + $\ge$2 b jets are reported for the electron, muon, and combined channels. The fiducial cross sections in the combined channel are 6.52 $\pm$ 0.04 (stat) $\pm$ 0.40 (syst) $\pm$ 0.14 (theo) pb for Z + $\ge$1 b jet and 0.65 $\pm$ 0.03 (stat) $\pm$ 0.07 (syst) $\pm$ 0.02 (theo) pb for Z + $\ge$2 b jets. The differential cross section distributions are measured as functions of various kinematic observables that are useful for precision tests of perturbative quantum chromodynamics predictions. The ratios of integrated and differential cross sections for Z + $\ge$2 b jets and Z + $\ge$1 b jet processes are also determined. The value of the integrated cross section ratio measured in the combined channel is 0.100 $\pm$ 0.005 (stat) $\pm$ 0.007 (syst) $\pm$ 0.003 (theo). All measurements are compared with predictions from various event generators. Physical review / D 105(9), 092014 (1-34) (2022). doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.105.092014 Published by Inst., Melville, NY

This report presents the findings of the “BY-COVID Spring 23 Use Cases Workshop Integration of socioeconomic data in observational studies on vaccine effectiveness”. The workshop was organised in the context of the BY-COVID project work package 5 (WP5) “A continuously evolving demonstrator project feeding the changing research questions that surface during an on-going pandemic to solutions” with the support of WP6 “Engage, train and build capacity with national and international stakeholders”. The event took place in The Hague, the Netherlands at the premises of NWO, the Dutch Research Council on April 26th 2023 and was co-organised by CESSDA/KNAW-DANS, Sciensano, and IACS. A particular focus was placed on the Netherlands and Belgium, featuring multiple key actors predominantly from the social sciences domain, both internal and external to the BY-COVID project. Bringing together a diverse group of stakeholders, the workshop aimed to achieve the following goals: To promote further development of the BY-COVID Baseline Use Case, and stimulate community discussion around it; To highlight relevant initiatives and practices in the Dutch and Belgian landscape; To discuss issues surrounding socioeconomic data requirements, mobilisation, and protection in different national contexts in the form of breakout sessions; To highlight how real-world vaccine effectiveness can be estimated in a causal framework by combining administrative, health and care data with data on socioeconomic factors. The workshop report further describes the workshop, highlights the main points of discussion, and identifies outcomes and implications for the project moving forward. The report is a collaborative effort with contributions from workshop participants, and other community stakeholders. It also aspires to be of further use for the BY-COVID project and relevant initiatives.