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The development of new technologies and the information society has accelerated changes in everyday life and modern teaching. Information and communication technologies (ICT) better motivate students to learn. In order to better preserve historical sources, they are digitized and thus protected, hence researchers can access the source faster and at a less cost. The possibilities of using the Internet in teaching are vast. It is necessary for schools to have computers, as well as for teachers and students to be motivated to use new electronic sources. Many websites have original historical material, from written and printed sources to audio-visual ones. We can call all this material digital resources (materials, sources, electronic historical sources). Teachers need to create engaging and imaginative teaching materials. However, a critical approach and caution in working with materials from the internet is essential. It is the teacher's responsibility to recommend verified sites and documents. Much of the material on the Internet has been posted with the conscious intention of spreading inaccurate data. The possibilities of ICT are great in history studies, as well. It is possible to modernize teaching at all levels of studies, but the financial capabilities of schools do not allow the possibility of keeping up with those innovations. One of the web portals that can be used for teaching purposes with its digitized content is Europeana. It is a database of the cultural and historical heritage of Europe, through which it is possible to search the digitized material of institutions. The Europeana portal is a broad project that provides free access to tens of millions of digital units. One of the most important collections within this portal is dedicated to the First World War and is called Europeana 1914-1918.

Speaking from an ethnomusicological standpoint, this paper elaborates on the use of recorded sound and audio-visual material for the purpose of documenting particular musical elements in Serbia, according to the concept of UNESCO intangible cultural heritage. There is a difference between contemporary field recordings for archival purposes, according to the ICH concept, and the employment of already recorded historical legacy. Through the example of music elements from Serbian national register of ICH, this paper will raise the questions of ethnomusicological politics of field recording and digitization of archived historical recordings, as well as analyze the politics of heritage management. Based on ethnomusicological and archival experience, the aim of this paper is to offer a model of application of sound archive for the future, which can effectively contribute to the concept of intangible cultural heritage in Serbia.

International audience; The pressures on honeybee (Apis mellifera) populations, resulting from threats by modern pesticides, parasites, predators and diseases, have raised awareness of the economic importance and critical role this insect plays in agricultural societies across the globe. However, the association of humans with A. mellifera predates post-industrial-revolution agriculture, as evidenced by the widespread presence of ancient Egyptian bee iconography dating to the Old Kingdom (approximately 2400 bc). There are also indications of Stone Age people harvesting bee products; for example, honey hunting is interpreted from rock art in a prehistoric Holocene context and a beeswax find in a pre-agriculturalist site. However, when and where the regular association of A. mellifera with agriculturalists emerged is unknown. One of the major products of A. mellifera is beeswax, which is composed of a complex suite of lipids including n-alkanes, n-alkanoic acids and fatty acyl wax esters. The composition is highly constant as it is determined genetically through the insect’s biochemistry. Thus, the chemical ‘fingerprint’ of beeswax provides a reliable basis for detecting this commodity in organic residues preserved at archaeological sites, which we now use to trace the exploitation by humans of A. mellifera temporally and spatially. Here we present secure identifications of beeswax in lipid residues preserved in pottery vessels of Neolithic Old World farmers. The geographical range of bee product exploitation is traced in Neolithic Europe, the Near East and North Africa, providing the palaeoecological range of honeybees during prehistory. Temporally, we demonstrate that bee products were exploited continuously, and probably extensively in some regions, at least from the seventh millennium cal bc, likely fulfilling a variety of technological and cultural functions. The close association of A. mellifera with Neolithic farming communities dates to the early onset of agriculture and may provide evidence for the beginnings of a domestication process

The reasons and processes that led hunter-gatherers to transition into a sedentary and agricultural way of life are a fundamental unresolved question of human history. Here we present results of excavations of two single-occupation early Neolithic sites (dated to 7.9 and 7.4 ka) and two high-resolution archaeological surveys in northeast China, which capture the earliest stages of sedentism and millet cultivation in the second oldest center of domestication in the Old World. The transition to sedentism coincided with a significant transition to wetter conditions in north China, at 8.1-7.9 ka. We suggest that these wetter conditions were an empirical precondition that facilitated the complex transitional process to sedentism and eventually millet domestication in north China. Interestingly, sedentism and plant domestication followed different trajectories. The sedentary way of life and cultural norms evolved rapidly, within a few hundred years, we find complex sedentary villages inhabiting the landscape. However, the process of plant domestication, progressed slowly over several millennia. Our earliest evidence for the beginning of the domestication process appear in the context of an already complex sedentary village (late Xinglongwa culture), a half millennia after the onset of cultivation, and even in this phase domesticated plants and animals were rare, suggesting that the transition to domesticated (sensu stricto) plants in affluent areas might have not played a substantial role in the transition to sedentary societies.

Summary This paper aims to present the possibilities for creating maps in the programming language R. Even though R is primarily developed as a statistical program, its application in the area of mapping and spatial statistics is becoming frequent and highly relevant. Many R packages make the mapping process easier and user-friendly, and this paper presents the most commonly used ones: “leaflet”, “ggplot2” and “ggmap”. The selection of the R package depends on the user’s proficiency in R programming but also depends on the visual quality of the map the user wants to gain. Based on the questionnaire conducted in this research, the paper recommends application of the “leaflet” package for the beginners, the “ggplot2” package for medium proficient users, and the “ggmap” package for the most advanced R users. After creating maps in R it is possible to conduct additional analysis related to processing of the spatial data contained within, and this would be a recommendation for future research. In this paper, the mapping process is demonstrated on the case study of the National Park “Fruška gora” in Serbia, and different types of maps are presented.

The focus of this study was the loess plateau located in the Tamiš River valley in the central part of Banat region (northern Serbia). This morphologic unit has been formed by the loess accumulation process during the last two glacial periods. Digital elevation model (DEM) is based on the 1:25.000 scale topographic maps. Detailed geomorphologic and hypsometric maps are provided with selected cross sections. The borders of the plateau and spatial distribution of the micromorphology are precisely defined on DEM. The plateau rises gradually from the Upper Pleistocene terrace on the north and northwest, while to the east and south slopes and vertical bluffs were controlled by the lateral erosion process of surrounding channels and by the weathering process on the loess. The plateau has an atypical morphology characterized by reduced geomorphologic diversity. Loess topography is significantly flattened by human impact. Its micromorphology is characterised by shallow depressions and gullies.

Предмет рада су правила дигитализације културне баштине у Европској унији као и питање надлежности за дигитализацију културне баштине у земљама Европске уније. Дигитализација културне баштине у Европској унији у националној је на- длежности држава чланица Европске уније, али ипак Европска унија својом Препо- руком (2011/711/ЕУ) утврђује правила дигитализације културне баштине у складу са стратегијом Европске уније до 2020. године. Препорука ЕУ обухвата дигитализацију књига, часописа, новина, фотографија, музејских предмета, архивских докумената, звука и аудиовизуелних материјала, споменика и археолошких налазишта. Реализацију Препоруке прате периодични извештаји који указују на тренутно стање дигитализације културне баштине у земљама Европске уније. Европска унија ће настојати да и у наредним годинама обезбеди напредак у дигитализацији културне баштине, дугорочно очување диги- талне културне баштине, да предузме све потребне мере у циљу побољшања ква- литета дигитализованих садржаја и обезбеђења њихове што шире доступности, пре свега кроз веб садржаје и путем велике дигиталне културне платформе попут ЕУРОПЕАНЕ. The subject of the paper is focused on the rules of digitisation of cultural heritage in the European Union, as well as the issue of jurisdiction for the digitisation of cultural heritage in the countries of the European Union. Digitisation of cultural heritage in the European Union is established within the national competence of the Member States of the European Union, but nevertheless the European Union, by its Recommendation (2011/711/EU), defines the rules for the digitisation of cultural heritage in line with the European Union Strategy by 2020 year. EU Recommendation includes the digitisation of books, magazines, newspapers, photographs, museum items, archival documents, sound and audiovisual materials, monuments and archaeological sites. The implementation of this Recommendation is accompanied by periodic reports indicating the current state of digitisation of cultural heritage in the countries of the European Union. The European Union will permanently endeavor to provide progress in the digitisation of cultural heritage in the coming years, to preserve digital cultural heritage in the long run, to take all necessary measures in order to improve the quality of digitized content and to ensure their availability, primarily through web content and large digital cultural platforms, such as Europeana. http://iup.rs/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/PADKB.pdf

AbstractStrategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), as a support to strategic planning, is a starting point in the creation of a sustainable concept of managing waste that is based on the principles of a circular economy. The role of SEA is to guide the planning process towards the goal of securing the best effects in relation to the quality of the living environment and the socio-economic aspects of development. SEA is also an instrument that can be used when making optimal decisions about spatial development, which further contributes to its importance and role in the planning process. The implementation of SEA allows developers to establish the benefits and implications of the proposed spatial changes, taking into account the capacity of the space to sustain the planned development, and to determine the degree of acceptability of the proposed spatial changes. This paper presents a specific method used for impact assessment in SEA for the Agro-Waste Management Plan (AWMP) for Oplenac Vineyard. The specificity of this method is that it combines specific goals, indicators and criteria for assessing the effect of planning solutions formulated in the simulated AWMP for Oplenac Vineyard using a semi-quantitative expert method. The results of the paper indicate the possibility of using GIS tools to increase objectivity in the expert evaluation of planning solutions, particularly in relation to a group of criteria for assessing the spatial dispersion of the impacts. This reduces the subjectivity that is characteristic of all expert methods. The graphical presentation of the results in GIS technology and the use of matrices and graphs to present the results makes them easier to understand and creates a good basis for making optimal decisions on future activities concerning the elimination of waste from wineries and viticulture. The research was carried out within the framework of the NoAW project, which is supported by the European Commission through the Horizon2020 research and innovation program.

The paper analyzes the concept of minimal and optimal agricultural land in Serbia defined in legislative texts and its interpretation in Serbian historiography. The basic hypothesis we advocate in the paper is that, regardless of the normative frameworks that changed during the 19th century, the problem of land optimum should be analyzed with respect to regional specificities based on geographical and pedological characteristics of the land, as well as the structure of the family.

Traditional sports games are an expression of folk creativity in the field of sports and recreation, the result of the creativity of the people in the culture of sport. According to the venue, they are mostly related to the rural areas from which they originated. Traditional sports games were recognized in the 21st century as an element of intangible cultural heritage, which should be protected and affirmed in a new way in order to preserve them from oblivion and disappearance. Therefore, the importance of traditional sports as an element of tourist off er (an important element of tourist off er and promotion of rural, religious, cultural, sports and recreational tourism) is increasingly recognized in tourism strategies and plans in the world. The subject of this research is 16 events that promote traditional sports games and skills in the territory of Vojvodina. The aim of the paper is to distinguish old traditional sports through tourism valorisation, which can represent an important segment in the diversification of tourism products. The methods used are analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive methods with the use of critical inference, as well as methods of tourism valorization according to Hilary du Cros.