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Babushka Solomonija in the East Slavic charms and written sources of her image This paper analyses one example of the influence of the written Old Church Slavonic culture on the folk magic of the East Slavs. In folk charms from Russia, Ukraine and the border between Russia and Belorussia, the image of babushka Solomonija (Salomonija, Solomonida, Solomida, Solomat’iushka, Sov’ja etc.) is quite common. She is the protector of babies and a healer. She cures babies of different kinds of illnesses, among others insomnia, protects them against evil eye and curses. She helps during childbirth, stops haemorrhages from injuries, cures horses of all kinds of diseases and helps cows having milk. The following motives are constantly linked to her: she attended the Jesus Christ’s birth, wrapped him up, cradled him in her arms, bathed him, and sometimes even gave birth to him! This paper examines church sources of Babushka Solomonija’s image that can be traced back to the Proto-Gospel of Jacob.

Odin iz osnovnykh istochnikov svedeniy o variatsiyakh temperatury vozdukha v proshlom - fiziko-khimicheskiye svoystva l'da v kernakh, kotoryye poluchayut pri glubokom burenii lednikovykh shchitov. V 2001-2006 gg. na stantsii Konen na Zemle Korolevy Mod v Antarktide v ramkakh proyekta EPICA (European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica) bylo provedeno glubokoye bureniye i poluchen ledyanoy kern dlinoy 2774 m. Variatsii temperatury vozdukha prakticheski lineyno svyazany s variatsiyami izotopnogo sostava kerna, odnako vosstanovlennyy ryad temperatury , pomimo «klimaticheskogo signala», soderzhit topograficheskuyu sostavlyayushchuyu. Poslednyaya obuslovlena kolebaniyami lokal'noy absolyutnoy vysoty lednikovogo shchita, a takzhe tem obstoyatel'stvom, chto lod v kerne obrazovan iz osadkov, vypadavshikh vdol' trayektoriy dvizheniya chastits l'da. Dlya raschota neklimaticheskogo (topograficheskogo) smeshcheniya v izotopnom i vosstanovlennom po nemu temperaturnom ryadu avtorami stat'i razrabotana metodika, v osnove kotoroy lezhit matematicheskoye modelirovaniye techeniya l'da. Otsenki vozrasta l'da i topograficheskikh popravok v pridonnoy chasti v znachitel'noy stepeni opredelyayutsya potokom geotermicheskogo tepla G. Analiz taloy vody, obnaruzhennoy pri burenii v sloyakh l'da vblizi podstilayushchikh porod, pokazyvayet, chto sredneye po kontinentu (standartnoye) znacheniye G v okrestnostyakh stantsii Konen zanizheno. Dlya ustanovleniya razbrosa otsenok vozrasta l'da i znacheniy neklimaticheskogo smeshcheniya v izotopnom ryadu iz nizhney chasti kerna vypolnena seriya chislennykh eksperimentov, v kotorykh G byla vyshe standartnogo znacheniya na 5-30%. Translated in English: One of the main sources of information on variations in temperature in the past - the physico- chemical properties of ice cores , which are obtained by deep drilling of the ice sheets . In 2001-2006 . Kohnen station in Queen Maud Land in Antarctica project EPICA (European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica) was conducted and received deep drilling ice cores in 2774 m length variations of air temperature is almost linearly related to variations in the isotopic composition of the core , however, restored the range of temperature , in addition to "climate signal " contains topographic component. Last caused by vibrations of the local altitude of the ice sheet , and the fact that the ice formed in the core of the precipitation that falls along the trajectories of ice particles . To calculate the non-climatic ( topographic ) bias in the isotopic and restored it to a temperature range of the authors developed a technique which is based on mathematical modeling of ice flow . Estimates of the age of ice and topographic corrections in the bottom part is largely determined by the geothermal heat flux G. Analysis of meltwater discovered during drilling in the layers of ice near bedrock , shows that the average on the continent (standard ) value of G in the vicinity of Kohnen station underestimated . To determine the age of the scatter count value , and non-climate ice displacement in the isotopic range in the lower portion of the core is made of the numerical series of experiments in which G has the above standard value by 5-30 %. One of the main sources of our knowledge about past air temperature variations is the isotopic composition of the ice cores obtained during deep drilling of the ice sheets. During 2001–2006 deep drilling was carried out at Kohnen station in Dronning Maud Land, Antarcticawithin the frameworks of the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA). As a result, an ice core of 2774 mlength was obtained. Variations of air temperature are linearly dependent on isotopic composition of an ice core, but the reconstructed temperature series contains besides the climatic signal, a topographic bias. Appearance of this bias is explained by the upstream advection from the elevated sites where the ice particles were originally deposited, and by the local vertical movements of the surface of the ice sheet through time. In order to calculate this non-climatic (topographic) bias in the isotopic and reconstructed air temperature record, we applied a methodology based on mathematical ice-flow modeling. In the lower part of the ice sheet ice chronology and non-climatic biases are strongly affected by unknown value of the geothermal heat flux (G). Melt water, which was found close to the bedrock suggests that that assumed G = 54.6 mWm-2 (the average value for Antarctica) was very likely underestimated in the surroundings of Kohnen. In order to estimate the range of possible values of ice age and of non-climatic bias in the lower part of the core we carried out a series of numerical experiment with G increased by 5–30%.

Background: Bronchial asthma (BA) is one of the most spreading chronic lung pathology in the world. The disease is characterized by high heterogeneity of clinical phenotypes including resistant forms which provoke significant clinical problem. Immune shift from Th2 to alternative immunological response is considered to be a mechanism of drug-resistance in BA treatment but this issue is not considerably studied yet. Aims: Detection of distinctive patterns in cytokine secretion and genetic expression (ZAP-70, FYN and LAT) of naïve and concanavalin A stimulated lymphocytes in patients with resistant BA. Materials and methods: The study enrolled ten patients in each group: subjects with treatment resistant BA, severe BA, and controls (30 in total). During the experiment, all patients with BA received treatment according to the condition. For each participant lymphocytes isolation from venous blood was performed. Cells were cultured with concanavalin A and without stimulation. Concentrations of cytokines IL-2, IL-12, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6 in supernatants were measured with ELISA. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA expression of LAT, ZAP-70, and FYN genes. Results: Significant disease contribution to the lymphocyte secretion profile was established without concanavalin A stimulation: increased levels of IL-2 and IL-4 was observed in lymphocytes of patients with resistant BA if compared to the results of gorup with severe BA. Patients with resistant BA were characterized by weak cytokine response to the stimulation: only TNF-α and IL-5 levels were significantly increased whereas in group with severe BA all cytokines concentrations increased except IL-12, in controls - except IL-12 and IL-2. Significant FYN upregulation was identified in resistant BA group if compared with other groups, and in severe BA patients if compared with controls. The concanavalin A-stimulated cells showed increased expression of ZAP-70 in cells of patients with resistant BA compared to control group. Conclusions: Lymphocytes from patients with resistant BA are characterized by lack of cytokine response to concanavalin A stimulation, alteration of cytokine secretion, and genetic expression profile similar to cells with low sensitivity to apoptosis. The FYN gene is a perspective target for finding approaches to overcome resistance to steroid drugs in bronchial asthma. © 2018 Izdatel'stvo Meditsina. All rights reserved.

A well constructed thesaurus is recognized as a valuable source of semantic information for various applications, especially for Information Retrieval. The main hindrances to using thesaurus-oriented approaches are the high complexity and cost of manual thesauri creation. This paper addresses the problem of automatic thesaurus construction, namely we study the quality of automatically extracted semantic relations as compared with the semantic relations of a manually crafted thesaurus. The vector-space model based on syntactic contexts was used to reproduce relations between the terms of a manually constructed thesaurus. We propose a simple algorithm for representing both single word and multiword terms in the distributional space of syntactic contexts. Furthermore, we propose a method for evaluation quality of the extracted relations. Our experiments show significant difference between the automatically and manually constructed relations: while many of the automatically generated relations are relevant, just a small part of them could be found in the original thesaurus.

Formal methods in the modern Polish ethnolinguistics and their Russian origins and parallels The paper analyzes a formal method of description of the language of folklore, in particular the facet model of Prof. Jerzy Bartmiński. This model is grounded in his general theory of the so-called "cognitive definition". The model was primarily utilized in the “Dictionary of national stereotypes and symbols” (“Słownik stereotypów i symboli ludowych”), edited by Bartminski. The origins of this model go back to the American cognitive linguistics and theory of stereotypes, and to the Soviet structural linguistics. Bartmiński was evidently inspired by formal methods of lexicographic description, especially, by the models offered by Mel'chuk and Apresian. Bartmiński's research has contemporary Russian parallels, most notably Nikitina’s model of thesaurus describing the language of folklore (used by Zavyalova as well), and the work of Khrolenko and his school. My own research methods describing the onomastics of folklore are partially derived from the model of Bartmiński.