Abstract Molybdenum disulfide nanoflakes were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal process using sodium molybdate and thiourea as reactants at a relatively low temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicate that the samples have the structure of 2H-MoS 2 and the morphology of nanoflakes with the average thickness around 5–10 nm. The results of electrochemical properties indicate that the morphology and size of MoS 2 particles have effects on their capacity when they are used as the anode for lithium ion battery. The as-prepared MoS 2 samples have high reversible discharge capacity up to 994.6 mA·h·g −1 for the MoS 2 -1 electrode and 930.1 mA·h·g −1 for the MoS 2 -2 electrode and show excellent cycling performances. The MoS 2 -1 electrode has a better cycling stability than the MoS 2 -2 electrode due to their difference in the uniformity of the samples.
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bronze |
citations | 47 | |
popularity | Top 10% | |
influence | Top 10% | |
impulse | Average |
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The Fertile Crescent, its hilly flanks and surrounding drylands has been a critical region for studying how climate has influenced societal change, and this review focuses on the region over the last 20,000 years. The complex social, economic, and environmental landscapes in the region today are not new phenomena and understanding their interactions requires a nuanced, multidisciplinary understanding of the past. This review builds on a history of collaboration between the social and natural palaeoscience disciplines. We provide a multidisciplinary, multiscalar perspective on the relevance of past climate, environmental, and archaeological research in assessing present day vulnerabilities and risks for the populations of southwest Asia. We discuss the complexity of palaeoclimatic data interpretation, particularly in relation to hydrology, and provide an overview of key time periods of palaeoclimatic interest. We discuss the critical role that vegetation plays in the human–climate–environment nexus and discuss the implications of the available palaeoclimate and archaeological data, and their interpretation, for palaeonarratives of the region, both climatically and socially. We also provide an overview of how modelling can improve our understanding of past climate impacts and associated change in risk to societies. We conclude by looking to future work, and identify themes of “scale” and “seasonality” as still requiring further focus. We suggest that by appreciating a given locale's place in the regional hydroscape, be it an archaeological site or palaeoenvironmental archive, more robust links to climate can be made where appropriate and interpretations drawn will demand the resolution of factors acting across multiple scales.This article is categorized under: Human Water > Water as Imagined and Represented Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change Water and Life > Nature of Freshwater Ecosystems
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hybrid |
citations | 34 | |
popularity | Top 10% | |
influence | Average | |
impulse | Top 10% |
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Abstract Lake Mungo, presently a dry lake in the semi-arid zone of southeastern Australia, preserves a unique record of human settlement and past environmental change within the transverse lunette that built up on its downwind margin. The lunette is >30 km long and the variable morphology along its length suggests spatial variability in deposition over time. Consequently this presents differential potential for the preservation of past activity traces of different ages along the lunette. Earlier work at Lake Mungo focused primarily on the southern section of the lunette, where two ritual burials of considerable antiquity were found. Here we describe the depositional history of the central section of the Lake Mungo lunette, together with the first single grain optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) chronology of the full stratigraphic sequence and of three hearths. We thereby lay the foundation for systematic investigation of the distribution of archaeological traces through the sedimentary record. The older depositional units (Lower and Upper Mungo) were deposited ca. 50–40 ka and ∼34 ka respectively, and are substantially thinner in the central section of the lunette compared with the south. By contrast, the overlying unit of interbedded sands and clayey sands (Arumpo–Zanci units), deposited ca. 25–14 ka, is markedly thicker and dominates the stratigraphic sequence in the central portion of the lunette. Although the sequence broadly reflects previous models of the lunette's depositional history and changing hydrological conditions, our results indicate spatially variable deposition of sediments, possibly as a result of changes in prevailing wind regimes. Archaeological traces are exposed in all stratigraphic units deposited after ca. 50 ka, including sediments deposited after the final lake drying ca. 15 ka, indicating human occupation of the area under a range of palaeoenvironmental conditions. Dating and stratigraphical examination of individual hearth features demonstrates that even within individual stratigraphic units, human occupation persisted under variable conditions. Mid-Holocene occupation of the area following the final lake retreat took place during a period of relatively humid climate.
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bronze |
citations | 60 | |
popularity | Top 10% | |
influence | Top 10% | |
impulse | Top 10% |
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doi: 10.1375/jrc.12.2.88
AbstractThe Helping Hands program commenced in 1999 and partners volunteers with mental health consumers for support and to increase social contact, recreational and friendship opportunities. The aim of the present study is to describe the evolution and sustainability of the program over the first 6 years. A description of consumers accessing the program using recovery-oriented measures and traditional measures of behavioural functioning is also provided. Service data was collected on the development of the program, service utilisation, volunteer participation and funding patterns. Cross-sectional measures of recovery and baseline and follow-up Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS) were collected on 27 participants. Results showed that the Helping Hands program has evolved significantly since start-up with the development of numerous recreational, health and support groups and 48 active volunteers and 62 active clients. Consumer feedback indicates that the service increases the quality of life of participants considerably. Current clients showed less severe disability at referral than did the original group. There were improvements in the area of relationships on the HoNOS for those who had baseline and follow-up measures. The high volunteer participation rates and positive consumer outcomes represent significant value in return for the modest level of funding.
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bronze |
citations | 3 | |
popularity | Average | |
influence | Average | |
impulse | Average |
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This article analyses the place of the intersections of the criminal law of assault and the Family Court's welfare jurisdiction in rendering Family Court authorised sterilisation of girls with intellectual disability a legally permissible form of violence. The article does this by examining court authorised sterilisation of girls with intellectual disability by reference to the concepts of ‘legal violence’ and ‘abnormality’. The article's central argument is that Family Court authorised sterilisation of girls with intellectual disability is a form of lawful and ‘good’ violence against abnormal legal subjects. Such girls are – by reason of their incapacity – positioned outside the group of ‘normal’ legal subjects of assault who have the capacity to decide to consent to contact with their otherwise ‘impermeable’ and legally sacrosanct bodies. As the girls with intellectual disability are deemed to constitute ‘abnormal’ legal subjects of assault, the lawfulness of the contact involved in the act of their ste...
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bronze |
citations | 14 | |
popularity | Top 10% | |
influence | Average | |
impulse | Average |
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doi: 10.14453/asj/v11i2.4
[Review] Lynn Turner, Undine Sellbach and Ron Broglio, editors. The Edinburgh Companion to Animal Studies. Edinburgh University Press, 2018, 2019. 559 pp.
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gold |
citations | 0 | |
popularity | Average | |
influence | Average | |
impulse | Average |
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This research was conducted to pinpoint common errors in Iranian authors’ writings, which was done by extracting the errors in the writings of 40 scientific articles written by students, which were edited by an editing team at Sharif University of Technology, Languages and Linguistics Center. As a result of this investigation, eight types of errors were extracted as the following: errors in word usage, articles, preposition, conjunction, tense, errors in word order active-passive structure and subject-verb agreement. Among these, errors in word usage received the highest frequency (36.2%) and the least frequent common error was related to subject–verb agreement (0.7%). The reasons of these common errors are highly related to the L1 transfer. Furthermore, it can be generally concluded that the errors were due to the similarity or difference between Persian and English. The findings of the study have implications for the authors of scientific papers especially in the realm of science and engineering.
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gold |
citations | 8 | |
popularity | Top 10% | |
influence | Average | |
impulse | Average |
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(1) Background: Indigenous chickens (Gallus domesticus) (ICs) are an essential component of agriculture and rural livelihood among 80% of small-scale farmers (SSFs) in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, in the past decade, significant losses of Indigenous Chicken Animal Genetic Resources (IC-AnGR) resulting from poultry diseases, imported exotic breeds, poor market access, and uncontrolled crossbreeding have been reported. This study aimed to investigate the status of IC-AnGR and assess the major challenges affecting the production of ICs. (2) Methods: We surveyed 358 households in eastern, central, and southern livelihood zones, comprising 81.6% males and 17.6% females. (3) Results: Our study shows that respondents owned 16,112 ICs, 3026 goats, and 5183 herds of cattle. Overall, 77.4% of chicken breeds were ICs and 22.6% were exotic. Across the three zones, 18–44% reported the introduction or adoption of exotic breeds in the past decade, with most households sourcing breeding stock from local communities and family and friends at 45% and 28.6%, respectively. Farmers gave various reasons for adopting new chicken breeds, including fast growth (21.7%), larger mature sizes (21.7%), and resistance to diseases at 15.2%. Overall, 92.5% of farmers agreed or strongly agreed that some IC breeds disappeared in the past decade and nearly 90% were concerned. Some attributed the loss to poultry diseases. (4) Conclusion: Deliberate policies to promote the sustainable use and conservation of ICs are critical in Zambia.
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gold |
citations | 1 | |
popularity | Average | |
influence | Average | |
impulse | Average |
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bronze |
citations | 0 | |
popularity | Average | |
influence | Average | |
impulse | Average |
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This article examines two strands of discourse on wild capture fisheries; one that focuses on resource sustainability and environmental impacts, another related to food and nutrition security and human well-being. Available data and research show that, for countries most dependent on fish to meet the nutritional requirements of their population, wild capture fisheries remain the dominant supplier. Although, contrary to popular narratives, the sustainability of these fisheries is not always and everywhere in crisis, securing their sustainability is essential and requires considerable effort across a broad spectrum of fishery systems. An impediment to achieving this is that the current research and policy discourses on environmental sustainability of fisheries and food security remain only loosely and superficially linked. Overcoming this requires adoption of a broader sustainability science paradigm to help harness synergies and negotiate tradeoffs between food security, resource conservation, and macroeconomic development goals. The way society chooses to govern fisheries is, however, an ethical choice, not just a technical one, and we recommend adding an ethical dimension to sustainability science as applied to fisheries.
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Green | |
bronze |
citations | 97 | |
popularity | Top 1% | |
influence | Top 10% | |
impulse | Top 10% |
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Abstract Molybdenum disulfide nanoflakes were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal process using sodium molybdate and thiourea as reactants at a relatively low temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicate that the samples have the structure of 2H-MoS 2 and the morphology of nanoflakes with the average thickness around 5–10 nm. The results of electrochemical properties indicate that the morphology and size of MoS 2 particles have effects on their capacity when they are used as the anode for lithium ion battery. The as-prepared MoS 2 samples have high reversible discharge capacity up to 994.6 mA·h·g −1 for the MoS 2 -1 electrode and 930.1 mA·h·g −1 for the MoS 2 -2 electrode and show excellent cycling performances. The MoS 2 -1 electrode has a better cycling stability than the MoS 2 -2 electrode due to their difference in the uniformity of the samples.
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bronze |
citations | 47 | |
popularity | Top 10% | |
influence | Top 10% | |
impulse | Average |
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The Fertile Crescent, its hilly flanks and surrounding drylands has been a critical region for studying how climate has influenced societal change, and this review focuses on the region over the last 20,000 years. The complex social, economic, and environmental landscapes in the region today are not new phenomena and understanding their interactions requires a nuanced, multidisciplinary understanding of the past. This review builds on a history of collaboration between the social and natural palaeoscience disciplines. We provide a multidisciplinary, multiscalar perspective on the relevance of past climate, environmental, and archaeological research in assessing present day vulnerabilities and risks for the populations of southwest Asia. We discuss the complexity of palaeoclimatic data interpretation, particularly in relation to hydrology, and provide an overview of key time periods of palaeoclimatic interest. We discuss the critical role that vegetation plays in the human–climate–environment nexus and discuss the implications of the available palaeoclimate and archaeological data, and their interpretation, for palaeonarratives of the region, both climatically and socially. We also provide an overview of how modelling can improve our understanding of past climate impacts and associated change in risk to societies. We conclude by looking to future work, and identify themes of “scale” and “seasonality” as still requiring further focus. We suggest that by appreciating a given locale's place in the regional hydroscape, be it an archaeological site or palaeoenvironmental archive, more robust links to climate can be made where appropriate and interpretations drawn will demand the resolution of factors acting across multiple scales.This article is categorized under: Human Water > Water as Imagined and Represented Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change Water and Life > Nature of Freshwater Ecosystems