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This lecture considers the complexity of challenges of the agricultural transition from the perspective of farmers, who act at the intersection between the ecology, economy and policy. The lecture will start by providing an overview on the resource requirements for our global production chains of life stock and meat, grain and legume farming and say some words on the human diet, and food and feed conversion efficiency of energy-intake through food. This lecture also places a fresh emphasis on the development of local knowledge and locally specific arming and nutrition practices that are adapted to local environments, as a necessary complement to agricultural science striving to make universal claims. This leads on to basic insights on needs for knowledge production in agriculture, and merits and limitations of action research and engaged research, raising questions on how farmers, scientists and citizens might better collaborate to inform choices in food production and consumption. For the future there are some indications on a new trend on new more decentralised governance of the food system including citizen’s involvement in French organic certification and Community based Auditing and citizens science in communities in Australia to work with farmers on reducing environmental impacts and address ensuing trade-offs for farmers as a community.

The twenty six papers in this special issue focus on the technologies of hyperspectral remote sensing (HRS)and imaging spectroscopy. HRS has emerged as a powerful tool to understand phenomena at local and global scales by virtue of imaging through a diverse range of platforms, including terrestrial in-situ imaging platforms, unmanned and manned aerial vehicles, and satellite platforms. By virtue of imaging over a wide range of spectral wavelengths, it is possible to characterize object specific properties very accurately. As a result, hyperspectral imaging (also known as imaging spectroscopy) has gained popularity for a wide variety of applications, including environment monitoring, precision agriculture, mineralogy, forestry, urban planning, and defense applications. The increased analysis capability comes at a cost—there are a variety of challenges that must be overcome for robust image analysis of such data, including high dimensionality, limited sample size for training supervised models, noise and atmospheric affects, mixed pixels, etc. The papers in this issue represent some of the recent developments in image analysis algorithms and unique applications of hyperspectral imaging data.

Interview with Trudi Noordermeer, Demmy Verbeke, Sally Chambers and Saskia Scheltjens about digital humanities and academic libraries in Flanders, Belgium

The tools available to farmers to manage grazed pastures and adjust forage demand to grass growth are generally rather static. Unmanned aerial systems (UASs) are interesting versatile tools that can provide relevant 3D information, such as sward height (3D structure), or even describe the physical condition of pastures through the use of spectral information. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of UAS to characterize a pasture’s sward height and above-ground biomass at a very fine spatial scale. The pasture height provided by UAS products showed good agreement (R2 = 0.62) with a reference terrestrial light detection and ranging (LiDAR) dataset. We tested the ability of UAS imagery to model pasture biomass based on three different combinations: UAS sward height, UAS sward multispectral reflectance/vegetation indices, and a combination of both UAS data types. The mixed approach combining the UAS sward height and spectral data performed the best (adj. R2 = 0.49). This approach reached a quality comparable to that of more conventional non-destructive on-field pasture biomass monitoring tools. As all of the UAS variables used in the model fitting process were extracted from spatial information (raster data), a high spatial resolution map of pasture biomass was derived based on the best fitted model. A sward height differences map was also derived from UAS-based sward height maps before and after grazing. Our results demonstrate the potential of UAS imagery as a tool for precision grazing study applications. The UAS approach to height and biomass monitoring was revealed to be a potential alternative to the widely used but time-consuming field approaches. While reaching a similar level of accuracy to the conventional field sampling approach, the UAS approach provides wall-to-wall pasture characterization through very high spatial resolution maps, opening up a new area of research for precision grazing.

Characterizing the terrestrial carbon, water, and energy cycles depends strongly on a capacity to accurately reproduce the spatial and temporal dynamics of land surface evaporation. For this, and many other reasons, monitoring terrestrial evaporation across multiple space and time scales has been an area of focused research for a number of decades. Much of this activity has been supported by developments in satellite remote sensing, which have been leveraged to deliver new process insights, model development and methodological improvements. In this Special Issue, published contributions explored a range of research topics directed towards the enhanced estimation of terrestrial evaporation. Here we summarize these cutting-edge efforts and provide an overview of some of the state-of-the-art approaches for retrieving this key variable. Some perspectives on outstanding challenges, issues, and opportunities are also presented.

Het Internet of Things (IoT) en cybersecurity zijn volop in beweging. Met slimme apparraten die steeds meer ingeburgerd geraken, neemt ook het risico op beveiligingsincidenten aanzienlijk toe. De bewustwording rond dit thema heeft voor de Belgische en Europese wetgever een impuls gecreëerd om het juridisch landschap rond IoT-cybersecurity grondig te bekijken en om traditionele opvattingen rond IT-beveiliging in vraag te stellen. Deze bijdrage brengt de juridische en technische inzichten over deze materie samen en geeft de nodige uitleg bij de toepassing van de relevante rechtsregels op het IoT. In deze analyse staat de bespreking van het begrip “passende technische en organisatorische maatregelen” centraal. De mate waarin beveiligingsmaatregels als “passend” kwalificeren, zal bepalend zijn voor de afwikkeling van schadeclaims en aansprakelijkheidsvorderingen.

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

In order to fully operationalize efforts and advance progresses that have been made by the government related to DRM policy and practice, the role of universities has become critical. Ethiopia needs to focus on strengthening universities’ capacity to be an effective local and global knowledge base for addressing both local and regional issues on environmental and disaster management. Recognizing universities’ capacity for strong and effective collaboration with other development partners is vital to mainstream and build disaster risk reduction capacity for sustainable and resilient agricultural development throughout Ethiopia.

This is a review of the Fleischmann Diaries Online Archive, a digitisation project including a transcription of Aloys Fleischmann Jr’s diaries written in 1926 and 1927, as well as over 200 images from the Fleischmann family albums. These materials represent an important piece of Irish cultural heritage. Given the enormity of the task, which was accomplished in one year, the editor has created a beautiful piece of work. As it stands now, this project represents a digital archive with some elements of a digital edition. However, key improvements can still be made to increase this project’s usefulness as a scholarly resource, such as increased integration of the editor’s related master thesis into the website, enhanced metadata of images and facsimiles, the integration of a search engine, and links with Aloys Fleischmann’s compositions, as well as recordings of referenced performances. ispartof: RIDE issue:2 status: Published online

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2022.840282.]. ispartof: FRONTIERS IN ROBOTICS AND AI vol:9 ispartof: location:Switzerland status: published