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Trg ladijskih križarjenj in prve potniške ladje so se hitreje začele razvijati na začetku 20. stoletja. Taka oblika potovanja je bila cenovno za večino ljudi nedostopna. Tudi sama podjetja so se bolj kot na potniške ladje usmerjala na čezoceanske linijske potniške ladje, ki so takrat predstavljale glavni način transporta med celinami. Tako so se podjetja na začetku razvoja borila, kdo bo zgradil največjo in najhitrejšo potniško linijsko ladjo, predvsem zaradi velikih migracij iz Evrope v ZDA. Prvi padec trga potniških linijskih ladij je povzročil razvoj letalske industrije. Letala so ljudem omogočila veliko hitrejše prečkanje oceanov kot linijske potniške ladje. Prvi padec trga je prinesel tudi pozitivne strani. Potniške ladje so se začele razvijati v smeri, kot jih poznamo danes. Hitrost ladij ni več toliko pomembna kot nekoč, bolj je pomembno udobje, animacija, raznolikost ponudbe in itinerariji križarjenj. Od začetka razvoja modernih potniških ladij pa do začetka pandemije covida-19 (1990–2020) je bil trg ladijskih križarjenj v vzpon in razvoju. Zanemarljivo majhen padec je bila industrija deležna le v času nepremičninske krize leta 2008/2009. Iz leta v leto so se podirali rekordi na področju tehnologije, financ, velikosti in števila potniških ladij ter števila prepeljanih potnikov. Prav zaradi velikosti in ekonomičnosti ladij so ladijska križarjenja postala dosegljiva širši množici ljudi, ta veja turizma pa je vsako leto bolj popularna. Vzpon industrije je zelo pretresla pandemija koronavirusa, ki je čez noč zaustavila industrijo potniških križarjenj, podjetja pa so se znašla v zelo neprijetnem položaju. Njihove ladje so čez noč ostale brez potnikov in privezane k obali. Starejše ladje so zaradi velikih stroškov vzdrževanja pristale na rezališčih. Veliko manjših podjetij je propadlo. Po skoraj dvoletnem boju s pandemijo so ladijska križarjenja ponovno v vzponu. Ukrepi, povezani s pandemijo, so se začeli opuščati in industrija potniških križarjenj se vrača na stara pota. Cruise ships market and the first passenger ships started to develop in the early 20th century. This form of travel was unaffordable for the most of the people. Companies themselves were also focusing on ocean liners rather than on cruise ships. Ocean liners were the main source of intercontinental transport at the time. The companies competed between each other, to build the biggest and fastest liner, mainly because of the large migration from Europe to the USA at that time. The first fall of the cruise liner market was caused by the development of the aviation industry. Airplanes allowed people to cross oceans much faster than traditional cruise liners. The first fall of the market also brought positive side. Modern cruise ships started to develop in the direction as we know them today. Speed is no longer as important as it used to be. It has been replaced with comfort, animation, variety of different offers and itineraries. Since the development of the modern cruise ships till covid-19 pandemic (1990-2020), the cruise market was booming and evolving. The only time the industry experienced a negligible fall was during the real estate crisis in 2008/2009. Year after year, records were broken in terms of technology, finances, the size and number of cruise ships and the number of passengers carried. The size and cost-effectiveness of ships that have made cruises accessible to a wider range of people. Every year this branch of tourism becomes more and more popular. The rise of the industry has been shaken by the recent coronavirus pandemic. It shut down (stopped) the cruise ship industry overnight and companies found themselves in a very uncomfortable situation. Their ships were left overnight without passengers and tied up along the shore. Older ships ended up in scrapping yards because of the high maintenance costs. Many small companies also went bankrupt. Almost two years after the arrival of coronavirus pandemic, the cruise ship industry is slowly rising again. Measures related to the covid-19 pandemic have started to be abandoned and the cruise ship industry is back on track.

V pričujočem magistrskem delu smo opredelili ključno terminologijo, ki se navezuje na pouk na daljavo. Zanimala nas je vključenost pouka na daljavo v učna načrta za geografijo in zgodovino v osnovnih šolah, vloga in pomen spletnih učnih gradiv za pouk in različni načini izvajanja pouka na daljavo, ki so se jih posluževali učitelji v osnovnih šolah. Ugotovili smo, da slovenske založbe trenutno ponujajo številna kvalitetna spletna učna gradiva, ki so primerna za uporabo pri pouku na daljavo pri predmetih geografija in zgodovina. Rezultati analize učnih načrtov so pokazali, da noben od omenjenih učnih načrtov ne predvideva izvedbe pouka na daljavo. Z intervjuji učiteljev geografije in zgodovine smo ugotavljali, na kakšne načine so sami organizirali in izvajali pouk na daljavo v času epidemije covida-19. V nadaljevanju smo oblikovali dve vzorčni učni pripravi z namenom, da bi pokazali, kako lahko učitelji geografije in zgodovine izpeljejo pouk na daljavo s pomočjo spletnih učnih gradiv. Na podlagi ugotovitev smo oblikovali splošna in predmetno-specifična priporočila za organizacijo in izvajanje pouka na daljavo pri geografiji in zgodovini v osnovni šoli. In this master's thesis, we have defined the key terminology related to distance learning. We were interested in the integration of distance learning into the geography and history curricula in elementary schools, the role and importance of online teaching materials for distance learning, and the different ways of delivering distance learning used by elementary school teachers. We have found that Slovenian publishers currently offer a number of high quality online learning materials suitable for use in distance learning in geography and history. The results of the curriculum analysis showed that none of the curricula mentioned above provide for distance learning. We interviewed geography and history teachers to find out how they themselves organised and implemented distance learning during the covid-19 epidemic. We then developed two sample lesson plans to show how geography and history teachers could implement distance learning using online teaching materials. Based on the findings, we have developed general and subject-specific recommendations for the organisation and delivery of distance learning in geography and history in elementary school.

Covid-19 je na svetovni ravni okrepil državni nadzor, vse pogosteje moramo posegati po osebnih dokumentih, pri čemer je osrednji subjekt identifikacije postal človeški obraz – na katerem temeljijo tudi najnovejše tehnologije nadzora.